U+82A5, 芥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82A5

[U+82A4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+82A6]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 140, +4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人中中 (TOLL) or 難廿人中中 (XTOLL), four-corner 44228, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1019, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30715
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3182, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+82A5

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script Small seal script
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic (grass, plant) + phonetic (OC *kreːds) – a type of plant.

Etymology

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The meaning "mustard green" is attested earliest in the Book of Rites; "small grass" in Zuo zhuan (Ai 1).

Schuessler (2007) compares it to Middle Korean (kas), Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ (> Thai กาด (gàat), Lao ກາດ (kāt), Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)), Proto-Vietic *kaːs (> Vietnamese cải, Muong cái, & Thavung kajh¹). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or Eastern Han Chinese (as proposed by Pittayaporn for *ka:tᴰ),

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kòa, kè - vernacular;
  • kài - literary.
Note:
  • gai3 - literary;
  • kah4 - vernacular (limited).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəɨjH/
Li
Rong
/kɛiH/
Wang
Li
/kɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gaai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ kɛjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁr[e][t]-s/
English mustard plant

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6522
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kreːds/

Definitions

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  1. mustard greens (Brassica juncea)
  2. (literary) small grass
  3. (literary, figurative) triviality

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Proto-Tai: *kaːtᴰ (mustard greens)

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. mustard
  2. rubbish, trash, dust

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ke)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai)
  • Kun: あくた (akuta, )からし (karashi, )ごみ (gomi, )

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
からし
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
芥子からし
[noun] Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea [from early 10th c.]
[noun] a spice made from the kneaded seeds of the Indian mustard [from mid-8th c.]
Alternative spelling
辛子
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
あくた
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
あくた
[noun] [from 759] something rotten or broken: garbage, waste, dross
[noun] (by extension) something worthless
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ごみ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
ゴミ
[noun] trash, rubbish, garbage
Alternative spellings
, ごみ
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja

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(gae) (hangeul , revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: giới

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.