糊口

Chinese

		paste; cream; muddled paste; cream; muddled; scorched	mouth; (a measure word, for people, livestock or utensils)
trad. (糊口/餬口)		糊/餬	口
simp. (糊口)		糊	口

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): húkǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ hau²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: húkǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: húkǒu
    • Wade–Giles: hu²-kʻou³
    • Yale: hú-kǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwukoou
    • Palladius: хукоу (xukou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wu⁴ hau²
    • Yale: wùh háu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ hau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ heo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hu khuwX

Rime
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	戸吳切	苦后切
Baxter	hu	khuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/	/kʰəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/	/kʰəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/	/kʰəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/	/kʰəwX/
Li Rong	/ɣo/	/kʰuX/
Wang Li	/ɣu/	/kʰəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuo/	/kʰə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú	kǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu4	hau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤa  kʰˤ(r)oʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː  kʰoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú	kǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›	‹ khuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa/ (~ *C.[ɡ]ˁa; no pre-Qín exx.)	/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ/
English	to paste (v.)	mouth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4251	7490
Phonetic component	古	口
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡	口
Old Chinese	/*ɡaː/	/*kʰoːʔ/
Notes	俗同說文𪏻字， 已見謝承後漢書

Verb

糊口

1. to scrape a meager living; to get by with difficulty; to eke out a livelihood

   • 挫鍼治繲，足以糊口；鼓筴播精，足以食十人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     挫针治𰬽，足以糊口；鼓策播精，足以食十人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Cuò qián zhì jiè, zúyǐ húkǒu; gǔ jiā bō jīng, zúyǐ sì shí rén. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

• 做食 (Puxian Min)
• 尋食／寻食 (Hakka)
• 就食 (jiùshí) (literary)
• 度三頓／度三顿 (Xiamen Hokkien, with difficulty, Zhangzhou Hokkien, with difficulty)
• 度喙飽／度喙饱 (Hokkien, with difficulty)
• 度食 (Hokkien)
• 搵食／揾食 (wan² sik⁶) (Cantonese)
• 混飯吃／混饭吃 (hùnfànchī) (colloquial)
• 營生／营生 (yíngshēng)
• 糊嘴 (húzuǐ) (dated)
• 討生活／讨生活 (tǎoshēnghuó)
• 討食／讨食
• 謀生／谋生 (móushēng)
• 賺食／赚食 (Hakka, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 趁食 (Min)
• 過活／过活 (guòhuó)

 

Derived terms

• 養家糊口／养家糊口 (yǎngjiāhúkǒu)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (糊口):

• → Japanese: 糊(こ)口(こう) (kokō)
• → Korean: 호구(糊口) (hogu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
糊	口
こ Jinmeiyō	こう Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative forms

• 餬口

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ここー [kòkóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ko̞ː]

Noun

糊(こ)口(こう) • (kokō) 

1. scraping a meager living