時雨

See also: 时雨

Chinese

		o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period	rain
trad. (時雨)		時	雨
simp. (时雨)		时	雨

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shíyǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si⁴ jyu⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíyǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhyǔ
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-yü³
    • Yale: shŕ-yǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyryeu
    • Palladius: шиюй (šijuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: si⁴ jyu⁵
    • Yale: sìh yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si⁴ jy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi⁴ yu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː²¹ jyː¹³/

Noun

時雨

1. (literary) timely rain

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (時雨):

• → Japanese: 時雨(じう) (jiu)

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sî-hǔ

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sî-hǔ
    • Tâi-lô: sî-hǔ
    • IPA (Longyan): /si¹¹ hu⁵³/

Noun

時雨

1. (Longyan Min) thunder shower

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 雷陣雨 (“thunder shower”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		雷陣雨
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	雷陣雨, 西北雨
	Harbin	雷陣雨
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	雷陣雨
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	雷陣雨
	Xuzhou	雷暴雨
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	雷雨
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	偏東雨, 雷陣雨
	Guiyang	雷陣雨
	Liuzhou	雷陣雨
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	雷陣雨, 雷雨, 雷暴雨
	Yangzhou	雷暴雨
Cantonese	Dongguan	雷陣雨
Gan	Pingxiang	雷陣雨
Hakka	Yudu	雷陣雨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風時雨
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	風時雨
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	西北雨
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風時水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	西北雨
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風時雨
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	西北雨
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	西北雨
Jin	Taiyuan	忽雷雨
	Xinzhou	忽雷雨
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	晡時雨
	Fuqing	晡時雨
Southern Min	Xiamen	西北雨, 西北, 方時雨
	Quanzhou	西北雨, 西北
	Zhangzhou	西北雨, 西北, 方時雨
	Taipei	西北雨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	西北雨
	Kaohsiung	西北雨
	Yilan	西北雨
	Changhua (Lukang)	西北雨
	Taichung	西北雨
	Tainan	西北雨
	Hsinchu	西北雨
	Kinmen	西北雨
	Penghu (Magong)	西北雨
	Longyan	時雨
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	雷陣雨
Wu	Shanghai	雷陣雨
	Danyang	雷陣雨
	Hangzhou	雷陣雨
	Ningbo	雷雨, 雷陣雨
	Jinhua	天雷雨, 天雷猛雨 stronger
Xiang	Changsha	雷陣雨

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
時	雨
しぐれ
Grade: 2	Grade: 1
jukujikun

From Old Japanese.

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 時雨る (shiguru), modern 時雨れる (shigureru, “to rain a shower”).

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 時雨／时雨 (shíyǔ).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しぐれ [shìgúré] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕiɡɯ̟ɾe̞]

Noun

時雨(しぐれ) • (shigure) 

1. a rainshower in late summer, autumn, or winter
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1:

     𩅧雨　孫愐曰：「𩅧雨小雨也。」音與終同。漢鈔云：［之久禮］

     Drizzle - Sun Mian said: drizzle is a light rain. The pronunciation is the same with 終 (shū). A Han banknote reads “shigure”.

2. (by extension, figurative) shedding tears
3. Short for 時雨煮 (shigureni), 時雨羹 (shigurekan), 時雨饅頭 (shigure manjū), etc.
4. Short for 時雨蛤 (shigure hamaguri): clams cooked in the shigureni method with soy sauce; a specialty of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture

Usage notes

As a 季語 (kigo, “seasonal word”), originally referred to rainshowers in late autumn to early winter. The extension to include late summer and the whole of autumn is only attested between the compilation of the Kokin and Kin'yō Wakashū. Today, shigure only refers to a winter rainshower.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 時雨(しぐれ)羹(かん) (shigurekan)
• 時雨(しぐれ)忌(き) (Shigureki)
• 時雨(しぐれ)月(づき) (shigurezuki)
• 時雨(しぐれ)煮(に) (shigureni)
• 時雨(しぐれ)饅頭(まんじゅう) (shigure manjū)
• 時雨(しぐれ)模様(もよう) (shigure moyō)
• 笠(かさ)時雨(しぐれ) (kasa-shigure)
• 黄身(きみ)時雨(しぐれ) (kimi shigure)
• 小夜(さよ)時雨(しぐれ) (sayo shigure)
• 蝉(せみ)時雨(しぐれ) (semi-shigure)
• 月(つき)時雨(しぐれ) (tsuki shigure)
• 初(はつ)時雨(しぐれ) (hatsushigure)
• 春(はる)時雨(しぐれ) (haru shigure)
• 村(むら)時雨(しぐれ), 群(むら)時雨(しぐれ), 叢(むら)時雨(しぐれ) (murashigure)

Verb

時雨(しぐれ)する • (shigure suru) suru (stem 時雨(しぐれ)し (shigure shi), past 時雨(しぐれ)した (shigure shita))

1. to rain a shower
2. to shed tears

Conjugation

Conjugation of "時雨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	時雨し	しぐれし	shigure shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	時雨し	しぐれし	shigure shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	時雨する	しぐれする	shigure suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	時雨する	しぐれする	shigure suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	時雨すれ	しぐれすれ	shigure sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	時雨せよ¹ 時雨しろ²	しぐれせよ¹ しぐれしろ²	shigure seyo¹ shigure shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	時雨される	しぐれされる	shigure sareru
Causative	時雨させる 時雨さす	しぐれさせる しぐれさす	shigure saseru shigure sasu
Potential	時雨できる	しぐれできる	shigure dekiru
Volitional	時雨しよう	しぐれしよう	shigure shiyō
Negative	時雨しない	しぐれしない	shigure shinai
Negative continuative	時雨せず	しぐれせず	shigure sezu
Formal	時雨します	しぐれします	shigure shimasu
Perfective	時雨した	しぐれした	shigure shita
Conjunctive	時雨して	しぐれして	shigure shite
Hypothetical conditional	時雨すれば	しぐれすれば	shigure sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Proper noun

時雨(しぐれ) • (Shigure) 

1. name of an 泡盛 (awamori, “Okinawan liquor made from rice or millet”)
2. a Shiratsuyu-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, see Japanese destroyer Shigure (1935) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
3. a female given name
4. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
時	雨
じ Grade: 2	う Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 時雨 (MC dzyi hjuX). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じう [jíꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiɯ̟]

Noun

時(じ)雨(う) • (jiu) 

1. timely or seasonable rain
2. Same as しぐれ (shigure) above

Derived terms

• 時雨(じう)の化(か) (jiu no ka)

Proper noun

時(じ)雨(う) • (Jiu) 

1. a female given name

Further reading

• Etymology entry for 時雨 (shigure) on Gogen-Yurai Jiten (Etymology and Origin Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/si/shigure.html

Old Japanese

Etymology

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 時雨る (siguru, “to rain a shower”).

Noun

時雨 (sigure) (kana しぐれ)

1. a rainshower in late autumn or early winter

   Synonym: 時雨の雨 (sigure no₂ ame₂)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 2214:
     , text here

     夕去者鴈之越徃龍田山四具礼尓競色付尓家里

     yupu sareba kari no₂ koyeyuku Tatuta-yama sigure ni ki₁popi₁ iro₂duki₁nike₁ri

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

• Japanese: 時雨 (shigure), 時雨れる (shigureru)