張
See also: 张
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Translingual
editHan character
edit張 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 11232, composition ⿰弓長)
Derived characters
editRelated characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 359, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
- Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 997, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5F35
Chinese
edittrad. | 張 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 张 |
Glyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋs) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong; firm; tense”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)aŋ (“tense; tight”); compare Tibetan ཐང་པོ (thang po, “tense; tight; firm”), Burmese တင်း (tang:, “to tighten; to be tight”).
Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally “to be stretched” (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zang1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): zong1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zon1
- Northern Min (KCR): dióng
- Eastern Min (BUC): diŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsan
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhan1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhang
- Wade–Giles: chang1
- Yale: jāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jang
- Palladius: чжан (čžan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zang1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zang
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zoeng1
- Yale: jēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: zêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ziang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siaŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chông
- Hakka Romanization System: zongˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zong1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zon1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dióng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: diŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tioⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tionn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dvioy
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /tiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiauⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tiaunn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dviaw
- IPA (Penang): /tiãu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
- Tâi-lô: tiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiang
- Tâi-lô: tiang
- Phofsit Daibuun: diafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ⁴⁴/
Note:
- tiuⁿ/tioⁿ/tiauⁿ - colloquial (incl. surname);
- tiong/tiang - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ziang1 / diên1 / dion1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiang / tieⁿ / tioⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siaŋ³³/, /tĩẽ³³/, /tĩõ³³/
Note: diên1 (Chaozhou), dion1 (Shantou) - colloquial (incl. surname).
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 張 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹/ /t͡sɑŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /tʃaŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂɔ̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sɒ̃¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/ /t͡suə¹³/ ~村 | |
Hohhot | /t͡sɑ̃³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sã⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sã⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sɑŋ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕi³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕia³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕiau¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂan³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂɔn³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡soŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /tʃoŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sœŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /tiũ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tuoŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tiɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡siaŋ³³/ /tiõ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡siaŋ²³/ /ʔdio²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: trjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.traŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*taŋ/
Definitions
edit張
- to string a bow; to pull a bowstring taut
- to stretch; to open up; to spread
- to expand; to spread
- to set out; to display
- to look
- (of a new business) to start; to open for business
- Classifier for objects that can be expanded.
- Classifier for objects with a flat surface: sheet
- Classifier for votes.
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) Classifier for knives.
- (Cantonese) Classifier for age of a person, approximating in multiples of tens. (only for thirty years old or above)
- (Chinese astronomy) Extended Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
- a surname. Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing
- 張飛/张飞 ― Zhāng Fēi ― Zhang Fei (Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
- 張藝謀/张艺谋 ― Zhāng Yìmóu ― Zhang Yimou (Chinese film director)
Synonyms
editDialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for mouths)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for sheets of paper)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for photos)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for tables)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for beds)”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 張 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 張 |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 張 |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 張 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 張 | |
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 張 | |
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 張 | |
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 張 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 張 |
Quanzhou | 張 | |
Zhangzhou | 張 | |
New Taipei (Tamsui) | 頂, 張 | |
New Taipei (Pingxi) | 張 | |
Kaohsiung | 頂 | |
Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 頂, 張 | |
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 張 | |
Yilan (Toucheng) | 頂 | |
Tainan | 張 | |
Tainan (Anping) | 張, 頂 | |
Penghu (Xiyu) | 頂 | |
Jieyang | 張 |
Descendants
editCompounds
edit- 一弛一張/一弛一张
- 一張一弛/一张一弛
- 七嘴八張/七嘴八张
- 七張八嘴/七张八嘴
- 不事張揚/不事张扬
- 主張/主张 (zhǔzhāng)
- 乖張/乖张 (guāizhāng)
- 五角六張/五角六张
- 伸張/伸张 (shēnzhāng)
- 伸張正義/伸张正义
- 侜張/侜张
- 供張/供张
- 侏張/侏张
- 做張做勢/做张做势
- 做張做智/做张做智
- 做張做致/做张做致
- 僨張/偾张
- 兩張皮/两张皮
- 分張/分张
- 劍拔弩張/剑拔弩张 (jiànbánǔzhāng)
- 助我張目/助我张目
- 呼張喚李/呼张唤李
- 周程張朱/周程张朱
- 哆張/哆张
- 喬主張/乔主张
- 單張匯票/单张汇票
- 囂張/嚣张 (xiāozhāng)
- 外弛內張/外弛内张
- 大全張/大全张
- 大張其詞/大张其词
- 大張撻伐/大张挞伐
- 大張旗鼓/大张旗鼓 (dàzhāngqígǔ)
- 大張聲勢/大张声势
- 失張倒怪/失张倒怪
- 失張冒勢/失张冒势
- 失張失志/失张失志
- 失張失智/失张失智
- 子張/子张
- 小全張/小全张
- 底張/底张 (Dǐzhāng)
- 弛張/弛张
- 弩張劍拔/弩张剑拔
- 張三丰
- 張三影/张三影
- 張三李四/张三李四 (zhāngsān-lǐsì)
- 張仙/张仙
- 張儀舌/张仪舌
- 張冠李戴/张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
- 張力/张力 (zhānglì)
- 張千/张千
- 張口/张口 (zhāngkǒu)
- 張口結舌/张口结舌 (zhāngkǒujiéshé)
- 張咀/张咀 (Zhāngzuǐ)
- 張嘴/张嘴 (zhāngzuǐ)
- 張垣/张垣 (Zhāngyuán)
- 張堪折轅/张堪折辕
- 張大/张大
- 張大其事/张大其事
- 張大其詞/张大其词
- 張天師/张天师
- 張家口/张家口 (Zhāngjiākǒu)
- 張家口堡/张家口堡 (Zhāngjiākǒubǔ)
- 張家嶺/张家岭 (Zhāngjiālǐng)
- 張家港/张家港 (Zhāngjiāgǎng)
- 張家灣/张家湾 (Zhāngjiāwān)
- 張家畈/张家畈 (Zhāngjiāfàn)
- 張家莊/张家庄 (Zhāngjiāzhuāng)
- 張家集/张家集 (Zhāngjiājí)
- 張宿/张宿 (Zhāngxiù)
- 張巷/张巷 (Zhāngxiàng)
- 張常臺/张常台 (Zhāngchángtái)
- 張弓拔刃/张弓拔刃
- 張弓挾矢/张弓挟矢
- 張弓簇箭/张弓簇箭
- 張弛/张弛
- 張志/张志
- 張掛/张挂
- 張揚/张扬 (zhāngyáng)
- 張敞畫眉/张敞画眉
- 張望/张望 (zhāngwàng)
- 張本/张本 (zhāngběn)
- 張果老/张果老
- 張榜/张榜
- 張橋/张桥 (Zhāngqiáo)
- 張溝/张沟 (Zhānggōu)
- 張潮/张潮
- 張灣/张湾 (Zhāngwān, “Zhangwan”)
- 張燈掛彩/张灯挂彩
- 張燈結彩/张灯结彩
- 張燈結綵/张灯结彩
- 張牙舞爪/张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
- 張狂/张狂 (zhāngkuáng)
- 張猛龍碑/张猛龙碑
- 張王/张王 (Zhāngwáng)
- 張王李趙/张王李赵 (Zhāng-Wáng-Lǐ-Zhào)
- 張皇/张皇 (zhānghuáng)
- 張皇失措/张皇失措
- 張目/张目
- 張眉弩眼/张眉弩眼
- 張綱埋輪/张纲埋轮
- 張繼/张继
- 張羅/张罗
- 張羅彀弓/张罗彀弓
- 張羅殆盡/张罗殆尽
- 張老師/张老师
- 張脈/张脉
- 張致/张致
- 張舌騙口/张舌骗口
- 張良借箸/张良借箸
- 張良擇留/张良择留
- 張莊/张庄 (Zhāngzhuāng)
- 張谷英/张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
- 張貼/张贴 (zhāngtiē)
- 張載/张载
- 張遷碑/张迁碑
- 張開/张开 (zhāngkāi)
- 張集/张集 (Zhāngjí)
- 張顛/张颠
- 張飛穿針/张飞穿针
- 張飲/张饮
- 彭張/彭张
- 怒張/怒张 (nùzhāng)
- 急張拘諸/急张拘诸
- 恢張/恢张
- 慌張/慌张 (huāngzhāng)
- 慌張勢煞/慌张势煞
- 慌張慌智/慌张慌智
- 慌慌張張/慌慌张张
- 慌裡慌張/慌里慌张
- 慢張/慢张
- 打張雞兒/打张鸡儿
- 打張驚兒/打张惊儿
- 拍張/拍张
- 掞張/掞张
- 搭弩張弓/搭弩张弓
- 擅作主張/擅作主张
- 擴張/扩张 (kuòzhāng)
- 擴張戰果/扩张战果
- 改弦易張/改弦易张
- 改弦更張/改弦更张 (gǎixiángēngzhāng)
- 改張易調/改张易调
- 敷張揚厲/敷张扬厉
- 明目張膽/明目张胆 (míngmùzhāngdǎn)
- 更張/更张
- 有張沒智/有张没智
- 東張西望/东张西望 (dōngzhāngxīwàng)
- 榜張/榜张
- 樣張/样张
- 歙張/歙张
- 比張比李/比张比李
- 氣焰囂張/气焰嚣张
- 氣燄高張/气焰高张
- 沒張倒置/没张倒置
- 沒張智/没张智
- 沒張沒致/没张没致
- 泥人張/泥人张
- 海底擴張/海底扩张
- 滿張羅/满张罗
- 火傘高張/火伞高张
- 熟魏生張/熟魏生张
- 片口張舌/片口张舌
- 狐假鴟張/狐假鸱张
- 生張熟魏/生张熟魏
- 番張跟斗
- 畫眉張敞/画眉张敞
- 皮張/皮张
- 眼張失落/眼张失落
- 眼張失道/眼张失道
- 矜張/矜张
- 矜張顯著/矜张显著
- 籠貫箱張/笼贯箱张
- 紙半張/纸半张
- 紙張/纸张 (zhǐzhāng)
- 緊張/紧张 (jǐnzhāng)
- 緊張不安/紧张不安
- 緊張大師/紧张大师
- 緊張理論/紧张理论
- 緊張病/紧张病
- 綱舉目張/纲举目张
- 聲張/声张 (shēngzhāng)
- 自作主張/自作主张 (zìzuòzhǔzhāng)
- 舒張/舒张 (shūzhāng)
- 舒張壓/舒张压 (shūzhāngyā)
- 舞爪張牙/舞爪张牙
- 艾如張/艾如张
- 范張雞黍/范张鸡黍
- 虛張/虚张 (xūzhāng)
- 虛張聲勢/虚张声势 (xūzhāngshēngshì)
- 血脈賁張/血脉贲张
- 表面張力/表面张力 (biǎomiàn zhānglì)
- 解弦更張/解弦更张
- 設席張筵/设席张筵
- 設張舉措/设张举措
- 誇張/夸张 (kuāzhāng)
- 誇張其辭/夸张其辞
- 誇張法/夸张法
- 譸張/诪张 (zhōuzhāng)
- 譸張為幻/诪张为幻
- 賁張/贲张
- 蹶張/蹶张
- 輈張/辀张
- 輈張跋扈/辀张跋扈
- 邊張子/边张子
- 重張/重张
- 金張/金张
- 鋪張/铺张 (pūzhāng)
- 鋪張揚厲/铺张扬厉
- 鋪張浪費/铺张浪费 (pūzhānglàngfèi)
- 鋪排張揚/铺排张扬
- 門可張羅/门可张罗
- 開張/开张 (kāizhāng)
- 開張大吉/开张大吉
- 關張/关张 (guānzhāng)
- 雄張/雄张
- 靜脈曲張/静脉曲张 (jìngmài qūzhāng)
- 顛張醉素/颠张醉素
- 騙口張舌/骗口张舌
- 驚張/惊张
- 鴟張/鸱张
Pronunciation 2
edittrad. | 張 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 张 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhàng
- Wade–Giles: chang4
- Yale: jàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janq
- Palladius: чжан (čžan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zoeng3
- Yale: jeung
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng3
- Guangdong Romanization: zêng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sœːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: trjangH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*taŋs/
Definitions
edit張
- to boast; to exaggerate (now merged into Pronunciation 1)
- † Original form of 脹/胀 (zhàng).
- † Original form of 帳/帐 (zhàng).
Pronunciation 3
edittrad. | 張 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 张 | |
alternative forms | 當/当 |
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tng
Definitions
edit張
Japanese
editKanji
edit張
Readings
editCompounds
edit- 出張 (shutchō): business trip
Derived terms
editKorean
editHanja
edit張 (eum 장 (jang))
- give, throw, have (a party etc.).
- grant (a favor), bestow, confer.
Middle Vietnamese
editNoun
edit張 (blang)
- page of a book
Descendants
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit張: Hán Nôm readings: trương, trang, chanh, choang, chương, giương, chăng, chướng, dăng
- Chữ Hán form of Trương (“a surname from Chinese.”).
- 張嘉平 ― Trương Gia Bình
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