Chinese

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as (if); such as
today; modern; present
today; modern; present; current; this; now
 
trad. (如今)
simp. #(如今)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial () (38) (38) (28)
Final () (22) (22) (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division () III III III
Fanqie
Baxter nyo nyoH kim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨʌ/ /ȵɨʌH/ /kˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiɔ/ /ȵiɔH/ /kᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑiɔ/ /ȵʑiɔH/ /kiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵɨə̆/ /ȵɨə̆H/ /kjim/
Li
Rong
/ȵiɔ/ /ȵiɔH/ /kjəm/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭo/ /ȵʑĭoH/ /kĭĕm/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯wo/ /ȵʑi̯woH/ /ki̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu4 jyu6 gam1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyo › ‹ kim ›
Old
Chinese
/*na/ /*[k]r[ə]m/
English as, like, if now

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
No. 9623 9631 6599
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nja/ /*njas/ /*krɯm/
Notes

Noun

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如今

  1. nowadays; now

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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