厲

See also: 厉

厲	U+53B2, 厲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53B2

← 厱
[U+53B1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

厳 →
[U+53B3]

Translingual

Han character

厲 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一廿田月 (MTWB), four-corner 7122₇, composition ⿸厂萬)

Derived characters

𡂖, 巁, 𢤆, 濿(𪵱), 𤢵, 𬩤, 曞, 櫔, 爄(𤇃), 犡, 𤪲, 禲, 矋, 礪(砺), 𥣭, 𧞵, 糲(粝), 𦆨, 蠣(蛎), 𧭡, 𧸱, 𨇆, 𨯅, 𮩖, 𩧃, 鱱, 𪙺
勵(励), 𨞺, 𧢝, 𧖄

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 163, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3041
Dae Jaweon: page 371, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 77, character 17
Unihan data for U+53B2

Chinese

trad.		厲
simp.		厉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 厲
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
糲	m·raːds, m·rads, *m·raːd
犡	m·raːds, m·rads
噧	hmreːds, r̥ʰaːd
邁	*mraːds
勱	*mraːds
蠆	*m̥ʰraːds
厲	*m·rads
勵	*m·rads
礪	*m·rads
蠣	*m·rads
蠇	*m·rads
癘	*m·rads
濿	*m·rads
櫔	*m·rads
巁	*m·rads
贎	m·rads, mlans
萬	*mlans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li
Jin (Wiktionary): li³
Eastern Min (BUC): lâ̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lī / lē

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lai⁶
  - Yale: laih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
  - Hakka Romanization System: li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: li³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lâ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɑ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī / lē
  - Tâi-lô: lī / lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li, le
  - IPA (Xiamen): /li²²/, /le²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/, /le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²/, /le²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /li³³/, /le³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li³³/, /le³³/

Note:

lī - vernacular;
lē - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: li⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: ljejH

Rime
Character	厲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力制切
Baxter	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liaj^H/
Li Rong	/liɛi^H/
Wang Li	/lĭɛi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厲	厲	厲
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	lì	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljej^H ›	‹ ljej^H ›	‹ ljej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/
English	cruel	grindstone	epidemic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	厲
Reading #	1/1
No.	12621
Phonetic component	萬
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	例
Old Chinese	/*m·rads/

Definitions

厲

fierce; stern
severe; strict
嚴厲／严厉 ― yánlì ― strict; stern; sever
ferocious
(Classical) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”).
(literary) to encourage; to urge
(literary) to raise; to exert
^† Alternative form of 濿 / 𪵱 (lì, “to ford”)
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lài, lì (lai⁴, li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˋ, ㄌㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lài
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lài
  - Wade–Giles: lai⁴
  - Yale: lài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
  - Palladius: лай (laj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/

Definitions

厲

Same as 癩／癞 (lài).

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	厉
Kyūjitai	厲

Kanji

厲

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 厉)

whetstone
Synonym: 礪
grind
sharpen
make an effort to
Synonym: 励
leprosy
Synonym: 癩

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Go-on: らい (rai)^{←らい (rai, historical)}
Kan-on: らい (rai)^{←らい (rai, historical)}、れい (rei)^{←れい (rei, historical)}
On: れち (rechi)、れつ (retsu)
Kun: きつい (kitsui)、こする (kosuru)、と (to, 厲)、といし (toishi, 厲)、とぐ (togu, 厲ぐ)、はげしい (hageshī, 厲しい)、はげます (hagemasu, 厲ます)、はげむ (hagemu, 厲む)

Compounds

厲(らい)疾(しつ) (raishitsu) (癩(らい)疾(しつ))
厲(らい)人(じん) (raijin) (癩(らい)人(じん))
厲(れい)疫(えき) (reieki)
厲(れい)王(おう) (reiō)
厲(れい)階(かい) (reikai)
厲(れい)鬼(き) (reiki)
厲(れい)気(き) (reiki)
厲(れい)行(こう) (reikō) (励(れい)行(こう), 礪(れい)行(こう))
厲(れい)志(し) (reishi) (励(れい)志(し))
厲(れい)疾(しつ) (reishitsu)
厲(れい)色(しょく) (reishoku)
厲(れい)声(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)声(せい))
厲(れい)精(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)精(せい))
厲(れい)石(せき) (reiseki)
厲(れい)節(せつ) (reisetsu) (励(れい)節(せつ))
厲(れい)風(ふう) (reifū)
厲(れい)民(みん) (reimin)
横(おう)厲(れい) (ōrei)
矜(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei)
矯(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei) (矯(きょう)励(れい))
虚(きょ)厲(れい) (kyorei)
激(げき)厲(れい) (gekirei) (激(げき)励(れい))
厳(げん)厲(れい) (genrei)
詬(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
高(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
刻(こく)厲(れい) (kokurei) (刻(こく)励(れい))
淬(さい)厲(れい) (sairei) (淬(さい)励(れい))
鑽(さん)厲(れい) (sanrei) (鑽(さん)礪(れい))
色(しき)厲(れい) (shikirei)
奨(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (奨(しょう)励(れい))
峭(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei)
瘴(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (瘴(しょう)癘(れい))
砥(し)厲(れい), 厎(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (砥(し)礪(れい))
疵(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (疵(し)癘(れい))
精(せい)厲(れい) (seirei)
藻(そう)厲(れい) (sōrei)
率(そつ)厲(れい) (sotsurei) (率(そつ)励(れい))
粗(そ)厲(れい) (sorei)
飭(ちょく)厲(れい) (chokurei) (勅(ちょく)励(れい), 飭(ちょく)励(れい))
督(とく)厲(れい) (tokurei) (督(とく)励(れい))
風(ふう)厲(れい) (fūrei)
忿(ふん)厲(れい) (funrei)
勉(べん)厲(れい) (benrei) (勉(べん)励(れい), 勉(べん)礪(れい))
磨(ま)厲(れい) (marei) (磨(ま)礪(れい))
凌(りょう)厲(れい) (ryōrei)
礱(ろう)厲(れい) (rōrei) (礱(ろう)礪(れい))

Korean

Hanja

厲 (eum 려 (ryeo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

厲: Hán Nôm readings: lẹ, lệ

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