ḫsf
See also: HSF
Egyptian
editPronunciation
edit- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈχaːsaf/ → /ˈχaːsaf/ → /ˈχaːsəf/ → /ˈχoːsəf/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /xɛsɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: khesef
Verb
edit |
3-lit.
- (transitive) to bar, to thwart, to fend off (+ ḥr: to prevent from doing)
- (intransitive) to punish (+ n: to punish (someone))
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.1–2.2:
- (j)m ꜥꜣ jb.k ḥr ḫpš m ḥr(j) jb ḏꜣmw.k zꜣw jtn.k nj rḫ.n.tw ḫprt jrrt nṯr ḫft ḫsf.f
- Don’t grow arrogant (lit. don’t make your heart big) on account of (your) strength in the midst of your cohort, lest you be challenged. One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Ptahhotep (pPrisse/pBN 186–194) lines 6.1–6.2 (74–77):
- jr gm.k ḏꜣjsw m ꜣt.f m ḥwrw nj js mjtw.k m ꜣd(w) jb.k r.f ḫft ẖzz.f jmj sw r tꜣ ḫsf.f n.f ḏs.f
- If you find a disputant in the act who is an inferior and not your equal, don’t let yourself rage at him in accordance with his being wretched; set him aside (literally, “to the earth”) and he himself will punish himself.
- (intransitive, with r) to oppose
― jm ḫsf r.j ― Do not oppose me.
Inflection
editConjugation of ḫsf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫsf, geminated stem: ḫsff
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
ḫsf |
ḫsfw, ḫsf |
ḫsft |
ḫsf |
ḫsf |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
ḫsf |
ḥr ḫsf |
m ḫsf |
r ḫsf |
suffix conjugation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | passive | contingent | ||
aspect / mood | active | passive | |||
perfect | ḫsf.n |
ḫsfw, ḫsf |
consecutive | ḫsf.jn |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
terminative | ḫsft | ||||
perfective3 | ḫsf |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
obligative1 | ḫsf.ḫr |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
imperfective | ḫsf |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||
prospective3 | ḫsf |
ḫsff |
potentialis1 | ḫsf.kꜣ |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
subjunctive | ḫsf |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
verbal adjectives | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | ||
active | passive | active | passive | |
perfect | ḫsf.n |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
— | — |
perfective | ḫsf |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
ḫsf |
ḫsf, ḫsfw5, ḫsfy5 |
imperfective | ḫsf, ḫsfy, ḫsfw5 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
ḫsf, ḫsfj6, ḫsfy6 |
ḫsf, ḫsfw5 |
prospective | ḫsf, ḫsftj7 |
— | ḫsftj4, ḫsft4 | |
|
Alternative forms
editAlternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫsf
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| |||||||
ḫsb | ḫsf | |||||||
[Pyramid Texts] |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 173, 218, 388.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 134, 147