चार

See also: चारु, चोरी, चोर, चर्, चौर, चुर्, and चरा

Bhojpuri

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit चत्वारः (catvāraḥ), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

चार (cār)

four

Hindi

**Hindi numbers ^(edit)**
	40
← 3	४ 4	5 →
Cardinal: चार (cār) Ordinal: चौथा (cauthā) Multiplier: चौगुना (caugunā) Collective: चारों (cārõ) Fractional: चौथाई (cauthāī)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Hindi चारि (cāri), from Prakrit *𑀘𑀬𑀸𑀭𑀺 (*cayāri), an alteration of attested Prakrit 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺 (cattari), from Sanskrit चत्वारि (catvā́ri), चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār). The alteration in Prakrit was probably based off the Sanskrit accusative चतुरः (caturaḥ) without a consonant cluster where intervocalic t > y is expected, but could also be an abnormal numeral phonological development. Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār), and distantly English four.

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑːɾ/, [t͡ʃäːɾ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɑːɾ

Numeral

चार • (cār) (native script symbol ४, Urdu spelling چار) (cardinal)

four

References

Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 241
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 252
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “चार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

**Konkani cardinal numbers**
< तीन	चार	पाच >
Cardinal : चार (cār) Ordinal : चौतो (cauto)

Etymology

From Maharastri Prakrit 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), from Sanskrit चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ). Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Hindi चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār).

Numeral

चार • (cār) (Latin script char, Kannada script ಚಾರ್)

four

Marathi

**Marathi numbers ^(edit)**
	40
← 3	४ 4	5 →
Cardinal: चार (cār) Ordinal: चौथे (cauthe) Adverbial: चारवेळा (cārveḷā), चारदा (cārdā) Multiplier: चौपट (caupaṭ) Collective: चौघे (caughe) Fractional: पाव (pāv), चतुर्थांश (caturthāuśa)

Etymology

Inherited from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), from Sanskrit चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ). Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Hindi चार (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ɕaɾ/
Audio: (file)

Numeral

चार • (cār)

four

Nepali

**Nepali numbers ^(edit)**
	40
← 3	४ 4	5 →
Cardinal: चार (cār) Ordinal: चौथो (cautho) Multiplier: चारगुना (cāragunā), चारगुणा (cāraguṇā)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit चत्वारस् (catvāras). Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Hindi चार (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡sär]
Phonetic Devanagari: चार्

Numeral

चार • (cār)

four

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

cāra (Latin script)
𑀘𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
চার (Bengali script)
චාර (Sinhalese script)
စာရ or ၸႃရ (Burmese script)
จาร or จาระ (Thai script)
ᨧᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
ຈາຣ or ຈາຣະ (Lao script)
ចារ (Khmer script)
𑄌𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

चार m

Devanagari script form of cāra

Declension

Declension table of "चार" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	चारो (cāro)	चारा (cārā)
Accusative (second)	चारं (cāraṃ)	चारे (cāre)
Instrumental (third)	चारेन (cārena)	चारेहि (cārehi) or चारेभि (cārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	चारस्स (cārassa) or चाराय (cārāya) or चारत्थं (cāratthaṃ)	चारानं (cārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चारस्मा (cārasmā) or चारम्हा (cāramhā) or चारा (cārā)	चारेहि (cārehi) or चारेभि (cārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चारस्स (cārassa)	चारानं (cārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चारस्मिं (cārasmiṃ) or चारम्हि (cāramhi) or चारे (cāre)	चारेसु (cāresu)
Vocative (calling)	चार (cāra)	चारा (cārā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

চাৰ (Assamese script)
ᬘᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
চার (Bengali script)
𑰓𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀘𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
စာရ (Burmese script)
ચાર (Gujarati script)
ਚਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌚𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦕꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂒𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಚಾರ (Kannada script)
ចារ (Khmer script)
ຈາຣ (Lao script)
ചാര (Malayalam script)
ᢜᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘓𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢋᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦳𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐔𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
ଚାର (Odia script)
ꢗꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆖𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖓𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
චාර (Sinhalese script)
𑩡𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚏𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
சார (Tamil script)
చార (Telugu script)
จาร (Thai script)
ཙཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒔𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨣𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From चर् (car, “to move; to practice”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

चार • (cāra) stem, m

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चार (cāra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चारः cāraḥ	चारौ / चारा¹ cārau / cārā¹	चाराः / चारासः¹ cārāḥ / cārāsaḥ¹
Vocative	चार cāra	चारौ / चारा¹ cārau / cārā¹	चाराः / चारासः¹ cārāḥ / cārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	चारम् cāram	चारौ / चारा¹ cārau / cārā¹	चारान् cārān
Instrumental	चारेण cāreṇa	चाराभ्याम् cārābhyām	चारैः / चारेभिः¹ cāraiḥ / cārebhiḥ¹
Dative	चाराय cārāya	चाराभ्याम् cārābhyām	चारेभ्यः cārebhyaḥ
Ablative	चारात् cārāt	चाराभ्याम् cārābhyām	चारेभ्यः cārebhyaḥ
Genitive	चारस्य cārasya	चारयोः cārayoḥ	चाराणाम् cārāṇām
Locative	चारे cāre	चारयोः cārayoḥ	चारेषु cāreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: cāra

References

Monier Williams (1899) “चार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 393, column 2.