سوس
Arabic
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Aramaic שׁוּשָׁא / ܫܽܘܫܳܐ (šūšā, “licorice”), from Akkadian 𒄑𒊺𒆕𒀀 (šūšum, “licorice”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editسُوس • (sūs) m
- licorice
- 2016 November 24, “شراب عرق السوس”, in ʾuḥibbu Dimašq[1], archived from the original on 15-08-2019:
- يعتبر نبات السوس الدمشقي من أفضل الأنواع في العالم، ويسمى الشراب الذي يقطر يدويا من جذوره شراب عرق السوس وهو مفضل لدى الدمشقيين.
- The Damascene liquorice plant is esteemed to be of the most excellent sorts of the world, and the drink which is dropped by hand from its roots is called liquorice stem and the Damascenes are fond of it.
Declension
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editTypically declared as inherited from Proto-Semitic *sūs- (“moth; insect especially one that bites or chews up materials”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *suʔw- (“a kind of insect”), cognates with Akkadian 𒌨𒈨 (sāsum, “moth; biting insect”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic ססא (sāsā), Hebrew סָס (sās), Classical Syriac ܣܣܐ (sāsā), and often also Ge'ez ፃፄ (ṣ́aṣ́e, “moth, worm”), ጻጹት (ṣaṣut, “gnat; red ant”), akin to Amharic ጭጫት (č̣əč̣at), ጨጫት (č̣äč̣at), ጬጫ (č̣eč̣a), ጭጫን (č̣əč̣an), ጬጫን (č̣eč̣an, “ant or a type of ant”), Tigrinya ሺሾ (šišo, “colony of ants or termites; large black ant with painful bite”), Tigre ሻሽንቴ (šašənte, “ants”).
Aramaic borrowing into Arabic is at least possible if one espouses a phonologic value /ɔː/ for ā in ancient Ḥijāzi dialects of Arabic, that later merged into /uː/ in the standard, as assumed for قَيُّوم (qayyūm) and جَار (jār). The proposed Proto-Semitic shape, whether it be *sūs-, or *sās-, two identical consonants connected by a long vowel forming the noun’s stem, strains credibility, and the same authors imagine legitimate ancestry of نُون (nūn, unknown meaning) and تُوت (tūt, “mulberry”). In comparison, the moth term also appears loaned in Ancient Greek σής (sḗs) and Old Armenian ցեց (cʻecʻ).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editسُوس • (sūs) m (collective, singulative سُوسَة f (sūsa), plural سِيسَان (sīsān))
- maggot, moth-worm, woodworm, curculio, weevil
- mite
- rot, decay
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 9, Art. 1, page 508:
- الإجاص قال غ وهو عبقر إذا أشرف وقدم فلا يتعرض عليه بالحديد فإن دعت ضرورة لقطع أعلاه فينظر شجرته فإن ظهر فيها السوس فتحامى بالقطع ولا تقرب بالحديد بوجه وتنقى ما دام أملس الساق والأغصان محدثا.
- About the prune, that is the plum, says Ibn Ḥajjāj that when it is high and old it should not meet the iron, but if necessity calls then the top can be cut and the tree cleaned, and if rot appears on it then it can be warded off by cutting, and the iron should not approach it as long as the stem is smooth and the branches new.
- often used when referring to bacteria gnawing the teeth
- 2018 June 12, “5 أسباب وراء الاضطرار لخلع الأسنان”, in Al-Bawwāba News[2], archived from the original on 14 June 2018:
- قال باسم سمير، استشاري الأسنان، أن البكتيريا النافعة المتواجدة في الفم، تعمل على تكسير مكونات الطعام وبالتالى الإسراع من هضمه، لكن إن زادت عن حدها تحولت إلى سوس يأكل في الأسنان.
- Bāsim Samīr, a teeth consultant, said that useful bacteria found in the mouth work towards the decomposition of food components and hence towards speeding up their digestion, but when they grow about their limit they become a caries that eats from the teeth.
Declension
editCollective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سُوس sūs |
السُّوس as-sūs |
سُوس sūs |
Nominative | سُوسٌ sūsun |
السُّوسُ as-sūsu |
سُوسُ sūsu |
Accusative | سُوسًا sūsan |
السُّوسَ as-sūsa |
سُوسَ sūsa |
Genitive | سُوسٍ sūsin |
السُّوسِ as-sūsi |
سُوسِ sūsi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سُوسَة sūsa |
السُّوسَة as-sūsa |
سُوسَة sūsat |
Nominative | سُوسَةٌ sūsatun |
السُّوسَةُ as-sūsatu |
سُوسَةُ sūsatu |
Accusative | سُوسَةً sūsatan |
السُّوسَةَ as-sūsata |
سُوسَةَ sūsata |
Genitive | سُوسَةٍ sūsatin |
السُّوسَةِ as-sūsati |
سُوسَةِ sūsati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | سُوسَتَيْن sūsatayn |
السُّوسَتَيْن as-sūsatayn |
سُوسَتَيْ sūsatay |
Nominative | سُوسَتَانِ sūsatāni |
السُّوسَتَانِ as-sūsatāni |
سُوسَتَا sūsatā |
Accusative | سُوسَتَيْنِ sūsatayni |
السُّوسَتَيْنِ as-sūsatayni |
سُوسَتَيْ sūsatay |
Genitive | سُوسَتَيْنِ sūsatayni |
السُّوسَتَيْنِ as-sūsatayni |
سُوسَتَيْ sūsatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سُوسَات sūsāt |
السُّوسَات as-sūsāt |
سُوسَات sūsāt |
Nominative | سُوسَاتٌ sūsātun |
السُّوسَاتُ as-sūsātu |
سُوسَاتُ sūsātu |
Accusative | سُوسَاتٍ sūsātin |
السُّوسَاتِ as-sūsāti |
سُوسَاتِ sūsāti |
Genitive | سُوسَاتٍ sūsātin |
السُّوسَاتِ as-sūsāti |
سُوسَاتِ sūsāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سِيسَان sīsān |
السِّيسَان as-sīsān |
سِيسَان sīsān |
Nominative | سِيسَانٌ sīsānun |
السِّيسَانُ as-sīsānu |
سِيسَانُ sīsānu |
Accusative | سِيسَانًا sīsānan |
السِّيسَانَ as-sīsāna |
سِيسَانَ sīsāna |
Genitive | سِيسَانٍ sīsānin |
السِّيسَانِ as-sīsāni |
سِيسَانِ sīsāni |
Derived terms
edit- سَوِسَ (sawisa, “to be affected by worms”)
- تَسَوَّسَ (tasawwasa, “to be affected by worms”)
- تَسَوُّس (tasawwus, “mouth cavities”)
Descendants
editVerb
editسَوِسَ • (sawisa) I (non-past يَسْوَسُ (yaswasu), verbal noun سَوَس (sawas))
- (intransitive) to be gnawed, to be eaten away, to be rotten (especially by moth-worms or weevils)
Conjugation
editverbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
سَوَس sawas | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
أَسْوَس ʔaswas | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سَوِسْتُ sawistu |
سَوِسْتَ sawista |
سَوِسَ sawisa |
سَوِسْتُمَا sawistumā |
سَوِسَا sawisā |
سَوِسْنَا sawisnā |
سَوِسْتُمْ sawistum |
سَوِسُوا sawisū | |||
f | سَوِسْتِ sawisti |
سَوِسَتْ sawisat |
سَوِسَتَا sawisatā |
سَوِسْتُنَّ sawistunna |
سَوِسْنَ sawisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَسْوَسُ ʔaswasu |
تَسْوَسُ taswasu |
يَسْوَسُ yaswasu |
تَسْوَسَانِ taswasāni |
يَسْوَسَانِ yaswasāni |
نَسْوَسُ naswasu |
تَسْوَسُونَ taswasūna |
يَسْوَسُونَ yaswasūna | |||
f | تَسْوَسِينَ taswasīna |
تَسْوَسُ taswasu |
تَسْوَسَانِ taswasāni |
تَسْوَسْنَ taswasna |
يَسْوَسْنَ yaswasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَسْوَسَ ʔaswasa |
تَسْوَسَ taswasa |
يَسْوَسَ yaswasa |
تَسْوَسَا taswasā |
يَسْوَسَا yaswasā |
نَسْوَسَ naswasa |
تَسْوَسُوا taswasū |
يَسْوَسُوا yaswasū | |||
f | تَسْوَسِي taswasī |
تَسْوَسَ taswasa |
تَسْوَسَا taswasā |
تَسْوَسْنَ taswasna |
يَسْوَسْنَ yaswasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَسْوَسْ ʔaswas |
تَسْوَسْ taswas |
يَسْوَسْ yaswas |
تَسْوَسَا taswasā |
يَسْوَسَا yaswasā |
نَسْوَسْ naswas |
تَسْوَسُوا taswasū |
يَسْوَسُوا yaswasū | |||
f | تَسْوَسِي taswasī |
تَسْوَسْ taswas |
تَسْوَسَا taswasā |
تَسْوَسْنَ taswasna |
يَسْوَسْنَ yaswasna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِسْوَسْ iswas |
اِسْوَسَا iswasā |
اِسْوَسُوا iswasū |
||||||||
f | اِسْوَسِي iswasī |
اِسْوَسْنَ iswasna |
Etymology 3
editRoot |
---|
س و س (s w s) |
4 terms |
Pronunciation
editVerb
editسَوَّسَ • (sawwasa) II (non-past يُسَوِّسُ (yusawwisu), verbal noun تَسْوِيس (taswīs))
- (ditransitive) to give someone regimen over, to let govern [with لِ (li) ‘who shall govern’ and accusative ‘what shall be governed’]
Conjugation
editverbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَسْوِيس taswīs | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُسَوِّس musawwis | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُسَوَّس musawwas | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سَوَّسْتُ sawwastu |
سَوَّسْتَ sawwasta |
سَوَّسَ sawwasa |
سَوَّسْتُمَا sawwastumā |
سَوَّسَا sawwasā |
سَوَّسْنَا sawwasnā |
سَوَّسْتُمْ sawwastum |
سَوَّسُوا sawwasū | |||
f | سَوَّسْتِ sawwasti |
سَوَّسَتْ sawwasat |
سَوَّسَتَا sawwasatā |
سَوَّسْتُنَّ sawwastunna |
سَوَّسْنَ sawwasna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسَوِّسُ ʔusawwisu |
تُسَوِّسُ tusawwisu |
يُسَوِّسُ yusawwisu |
تُسَوِّسَانِ tusawwisāni |
يُسَوِّسَانِ yusawwisāni |
نُسَوِّسُ nusawwisu |
تُسَوِّسُونَ tusawwisūna |
يُسَوِّسُونَ yusawwisūna | |||
f | تُسَوِّسِينَ tusawwisīna |
تُسَوِّسُ tusawwisu |
تُسَوِّسَانِ tusawwisāni |
تُسَوِّسْنَ tusawwisna |
يُسَوِّسْنَ yusawwisna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسَوِّسَ ʔusawwisa |
تُسَوِّسَ tusawwisa |
يُسَوِّسَ yusawwisa |
تُسَوِّسَا tusawwisā |
يُسَوِّسَا yusawwisā |
نُسَوِّسَ nusawwisa |
تُسَوِّسُوا tusawwisū |
يُسَوِّسُوا yusawwisū | |||
f | تُسَوِّسِي tusawwisī |
تُسَوِّسَ tusawwisa |
تُسَوِّسَا tusawwisā |
تُسَوِّسْنَ tusawwisna |
يُسَوِّسْنَ yusawwisna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسَوِّسْ ʔusawwis |
تُسَوِّسْ tusawwis |
يُسَوِّسْ yusawwis |
تُسَوِّسَا tusawwisā |
يُسَوِّسَا yusawwisā |
نُسَوِّسْ nusawwis |
تُسَوِّسُوا tusawwisū |
يُسَوِّسُوا yusawwisū | |||
f | تُسَوِّسِي tusawwisī |
تُسَوِّسْ tusawwis |
تُسَوِّسَا tusawwisā |
تُسَوِّسْنَ tusawwisna |
يُسَوِّسْنَ yusawwisna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | سَوِّسْ sawwis |
سَوِّسَا sawwisā |
سَوِّسُوا sawwisū |
||||||||
f | سَوِّسِي sawwisī |
سَوِّسْنَ sawwisna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سُوِّسْتُ suwwistu |
سُوِّسْتَ suwwista |
سُوِّسَ suwwisa |
سُوِّسْتُمَا suwwistumā |
سُوِّسَا suwwisā |
سُوِّسْنَا suwwisnā |
سُوِّسْتُمْ suwwistum |
سُوِّسُوا suwwisū | |||
f | سُوِّسْتِ suwwisti |
سُوِّسَتْ suwwisat |
سُوِّسَتَا suwwisatā |
سُوِّسْتُنَّ suwwistunna |
سُوِّسْنَ suwwisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسَوَّسُ ʔusawwasu |
تُسَوَّسُ tusawwasu |
يُسَوَّسُ yusawwasu |
تُسَوَّسَانِ tusawwasāni |
يُسَوَّسَانِ yusawwasāni |
نُسَوَّسُ nusawwasu |
تُسَوَّسُونَ tusawwasūna |
يُسَوَّسُونَ yusawwasūna | |||
f | تُسَوَّسِينَ tusawwasīna |
تُسَوَّسُ tusawwasu |
تُسَوَّسَانِ tusawwasāni |
تُسَوَّسْنَ tusawwasna |
يُسَوَّسْنَ yusawwasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسَوَّسَ ʔusawwasa |
تُسَوَّسَ tusawwasa |
يُسَوَّسَ yusawwasa |
تُسَوَّسَا tusawwasā |
يُسَوَّسَا yusawwasā |
نُسَوَّسَ nusawwasa |
تُسَوَّسُوا tusawwasū |
يُسَوَّسُوا yusawwasū | |||
f | تُسَوَّسِي tusawwasī |
تُسَوَّسَ tusawwasa |
تُسَوَّسَا tusawwasā |
تُسَوَّسْنَ tusawwasna |
يُسَوَّسْنَ yusawwasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسَوَّسْ ʔusawwas |
تُسَوَّسْ tusawwas |
يُسَوَّسْ yusawwas |
تُسَوَّسَا tusawwasā |
يُسَوَّسَا yusawwasā |
نُسَوَّسْ nusawwas |
تُسَوَّسُوا tusawwasū |
يُسَوَّسُوا yusawwasū | |||
f | تُسَوَّسِي tusawwasī |
تُسَوَّسْ tusawwas |
تُسَوَّسَا tusawwasā |
تُسَوَّسْنَ tusawwasna |
يُسَوَّسْنَ yusawwasna |
References
edit- Freytag, Georg (1833) “سوس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[3] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 375
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “سوس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1465–1466
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[5] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 435–437
- Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen[6] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 378–379
- Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) “*sā/ūs- ~ *cā/ūc-”, in Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 259–261
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “سوس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[7] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 612–613
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 52
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 58
Persian
editEtymology
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
editسوس • (sos)
- Alternative form of سس (sos, “sauce”)
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Akkadian
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic palindromes
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic collective nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective
- Arabic nouns with triptote singulative in -a
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine paucal
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic intransitive verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with و as second radical
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel i and non-past vowel a
- Arabic verbs lacking passive forms
- Arabic terms belonging to the root س و س
- Arabic ditransitive verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs with و as second radical
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic contranyms
- ar:Legumes
- ar:Spices and herbs
- ar:Sweets
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian palindromes