βλέπω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *gʷlépō, of unclear further origin. Beekes claims it is Pre-Greek based on the existence of the variant γλέπω (glépō),[1] while Hamp had suggested Proto-Indo-European *gʷlep- (“to look”).[2] Cognate with βλέφαρον (blépharon, “eyelid”).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /blé.pɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈble.po/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈβle.po/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈvle.po/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈvle.po/
Verb
editβλέπω • (blépō)
Inflection
edit Present: βλέπω, βλέπομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔβλεπον | ἔβλεπες | ἔβλεπε(ν) | ἐβλέπετον | ἐβλεπέτην | ἐβλέπομεν | ἐβλέπετε | ἔβλεπον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐβλεπόμην | ἐβλέπου | ἐβλέπετο | ἐβλέπεσθον | ἐβλεπέσθην | ἐβλεπόμεθᾰ | ἐβλέπεσθε | ἐβλέποντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: βλέψομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | βλέψομαι | βλέψῃ, βλέψει |
βλέψεται | βλέψεσθον | βλέψεσθον | βλεψόμεθᾰ | βλέψεσθε | βλέψονται | ||||
optative | βλεψοίμην | βλέψοιο | βλέψοιτο | βλέψοισθον | βλεψοίσθην | βλεψοίμεθᾰ | βλέψοισθε | βλέψοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βλέψεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βλεψόμενος | |||||||||||
f | βλεψομένη | ||||||||||||
n | βλεψόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Descendants
edit- Greek: βλέπω (vlépo, “to see”)
References
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βλέπω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 219-20
- ^ Eric P. Hamp (1994) “Βλέφαϱον”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 72, number 1/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 15:
- On the lines of my analysis of ὀφθαλμός (Études celtiques 14, 1974, 192) as *okʷstH̥l-mo- or *okʷtsHl-mó- (a deverbal noun < a denominal verb) I would claim it to be more principled to analyze βλέφαρον as derived from βλέπ-ω in the form *gʷlep-H-ro-, just as χεφαλή is *kep-Hₐ-l-. Our lexeme βλέφαρον then implies an old heteroclite *gʷlep-H/n-.
Further reading
edit- “βλέπω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βλέπω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- βλέπω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βλέπω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “βλέπω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G991 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek βλέπω (blépō), from Proto-Hellenic *gʷlépō. The perfective forms (stem δ-/ειδ-) are from the root of Ancient Greek εἶδον (eîdon).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editβλέπω • (vlépo) (past είδα, passive βλέπομαι)
- (most senses) to see, watch, look at
- Έβλεπα τα βουνά από το αμάξι. ― Évlepa ta vouná apó to amáxi. ― I watched the mountains from the car.
- (transitive) to consider, think of, see (give an assessment or opinion)
- Δεν τα βλέπω καλά τα πράγματα. ― Den ta vlépo kalá ta prágmata. ― I don't see things looking that good.
- (transitive) to scrutinise, look into (examine in more detail)
- Αυτά θα τα δούμε σε μελλοντική συνεδρίαση. ― Aftá tha ta doúme se mellontikí synedríasi. ― We'll look into those at a later meeting.
- (medicine, transitive) to examine (of a doctor)
- Ο γιατρός θα σας δει τώρα. ― O giatrós tha sas dei tóra. ― The doctor will see you now.
- (transitive, of inanimate things) to face, overlook (look out onto, as in a view)
- Το μπαλκόνι έβλεπε στον δρόμο. ― To balkóni évlepe ston drómo. ― The balcony looked out on the street.
Conjugation
editβλέπω βλέπομαι (irregular)
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | βλέπω | δω, [ιδώ] | βλέπομαι | ιδωθώ |
2 sg | βλέπεις | δεις, [ιδείς] | βλέπεσαι | ιδωθείς |
3 sg | βλέπει | δει, [ιδεί] | βλέπεται | ιδωθεί |
1 pl | βλέπουμε, [‑ομε] | δούμε, [ιδούμε] | βλεπόμαστε | ιδωθούμε |
2 pl | βλέπετε | δείτε, [ιδείτε] | βλέπεστε, βλεπόσαστε | ιδωθείτε |
3 pl | βλέπουν(ε) | δουν, δούνε, [ιδούν(ε)] | βλέπονται | ιδωθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έβλεπα | είδα | βλεπόμουν(α) | ειδώθηκα |
2 sg | έβλεπες | είδες | βλεπόσουν(α) | ειδώθηκες |
3 sg | έβλεπε | είδε | βλεπόταν(ε) | ειδώθηκε |
1 pl | βλέπαμε | είδαμε | βλεπόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | ειδωθήκαμε |
2 pl | βλέπατε | είδατε | βλεπόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | ειδωθήκατε |
3 pl | έβλεπαν, βλέπαν(ε) | είδαν(ε) | βλέπονταν, (βλεπόντουσαν) | ειδώθηκαν, ειδωθήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα βλέπω ➤ | θα δω ➤ | θα βλέπομαι ➤ | θα ιδωθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα βλέπεις, … | θα δεις, … | θα βλέπεσαι, … | θα ιδωθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … δει | έχω, έχεις, … ιδωθεί είμαι, είσαι, … ιδωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … δει | είχα, είχες, … ιδωθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … ιδωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … δει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … ιδωθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … ιδωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | βλέπε | δες, (ιδές) | — | — |
2 pl | βλέπετε | δείτε | βλέπεστε | ιδωθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | βλέποντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας δει ➤ | ιδωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | δει, [ιδεί] | ιδωθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
edit- (see, look at): κοιτώ (koitó), κοιτάζω (koitázo), αντικρίζω (antikrízo), θωρώ (thoró) (literary)
- (examine): εξετάζω (exetázo)
Derived terms
edit- δεν βλέπω πέρα από τη μύτη μου (den vlépo péra apó ti mýti mou, “can't see beyond the end of my nose”)
Related terms
editStem βλεπ-/ βλεπτ-
- αγριοβλέπω (agriovlépo, “to look at with a menacing glance”)
- αλληλοβλέπομαι (allilovlépomai, “see each other”)
- αναβλέπω (anavlépo, “to see again, to look up”)
- ανεπίβλεπτος (anepívleptos, “unsupervised”, adjective)
- αποβλέπω (apovlépo, “to aspire, to aim at”)
- απρόβλεπτος (apróvleptos, “unforseen”, adjective)
- διαβλέπω (diavlépo, “to foresee”)
- επιβλέπω (epivlépo, “to supervise, to oversee”)
- κακοβλέπω (kakovlépo, “to look at with animosity”)
- καλοβλέπω (kalovlépo, “to look at with pleasure, delight”)
- ξαναβλέπω (xanavlépo, “to see again”)
- παραβλέπω (paravlépo, “to ignore, to overlook”)
- περίβλεπτος (perívleptos)
- προβλεπτικός (provleptikós)
- προβλεπτικότητα f (provleptikótita)
- προβλέπω (provlépo, “to foresee, to predict”)
- προσβλέπω (prosvlépo, “to look forward to”)
- πρωτοβλέπω (protovlépo, “to see first”)
- συχνοβλέπω (sychnovlépo, “to see often”)
- υποβλέπω (ypovlépo, “to covet”)
- χαμηλοβλεπούσα f (chamilovlepoúsa)
Stem βλεφ-
Stem βλεμ-
Stem βλεψ-
- αβλεψία f (avlepsía, “carelessness”)
- βλέψη f (vlépsi)
- επίβλεψη f (epívlepsi)
- ηδονοβλεψίας m (idonovlepsías, “voyeur”)
- παράβλεψη f (parávlepsi)
- πρόβλεψη f (próvlepsi)
- προβλέψιμος (provlépsimos)
- προβλεψιμότητα f (provlepsimótita)
- ανίδωτος (anídotos, “invisible, unseen”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek transitive verbs
- el:Medicine
- Greek irregular verbs
- Greek suppletive verbs