αἱρέω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editRix derives the word from Proto-Hellenic *həřřéyō, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to take, grasp, plunder”)[1] (though Beekes seems implicitly skeptical and leaves the origin open).[2] The aorist stem appears to be from the synonymous *selh₁- (“to take”), which is also the source of English sell.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hai̯.ré.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)ɛˈre.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɛˈre.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈre.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈre.o/
Verb
editαἱρέω • (hairéō)
- (transitive) to take, grasp, seize
- (transitive) to win, gain
- (transitive) to convict, win a conviction
- (figuratively, transitive) to grasp with the mind, understand
- (middle voice, transitive) to take for oneself, choose, select
- (middle voice, transitive) to prefer
Usage notes
editDo not confuse with αἴρω (aírō, “to lift, raise”), contracted form of verb ἀείρω (aeírō). Strong's Greek conjectures that αἱρέω (hairéō) and αἴρω (aírō) may be related but this view is not commonly accepted.
Inflection
edit Present: αἱρέω, αἱρέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾕρεον | ᾕρεες | ᾕρεε(ν) | ᾑρέετον | ᾑρεέτην | ᾑρέομεν | ᾑρέετε | ᾕρεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾑρεόμην | ᾑρέου | ᾑρέετο | ᾑρέεσθον | ᾑρεέσθην | ᾑρεόμεθᾰ | ᾑρέεσθε | ᾑρέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾕρουν | ᾕρεις | ᾕρει | ᾑρεῖτον | ᾑρείτην | ᾑροῦμεν | ᾑρεῖτε | ᾕρουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾑρούμην | ᾑροῦ | ᾑρεῖτο | ᾑρεῖσθον | ᾑρείσθην | ᾑρούμεθᾰ | ᾑρεῖσθε | ᾑροῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἷλον | εἷλες | εἷλε(ν) | εἵλετον | εἱλέτην | εἵλομεν | εἵλετε | εἷλον | ||||
subjunctive | ἕλω | ἕλῃς | ἕλῃ | ἕλητον | ἕλητον | ἕλωμεν | ἕλητε | ἕλωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἕλοιμῐ | ἕλοις | ἕλοι | ἕλοιτον | ἑλοίτην | ἕλοιμεν | ἕλοιτε | ἕλοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἕλε | ἑλέτω | ἕλετον | ἑλέτων | ἕλετε | ἑλόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | εἱλόμην | εἵλου | εἵλετο | εἵλεσθον | εἱλέσθην | εἱλόμεθᾰ | εἵλεσθε | εἵλοντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἕλωμαι | ἕλῃ | ἕληται | ἕλησθον | ἕλησθον | ἑλώμεθᾰ | ἕλησθε | ἕλωνται | |||||
optative | ἑλοίμην | ἕλοιο | ἕλοιτο | ἕλοισθον | ἑλοίσθην | ἑλοίμεθᾰ | ἕλοισθε | ἕλοιντο | |||||
imperative | ἑλοῦ | ἑλέσθω | ἕλεσθον | ἑλέσθων | ἕλεσθε | ἑλέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἑλεῖν | ἑλέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἑλών | ἑλόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἑλοῦσᾰ | ἑλομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἑλόν | ἑλόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἕλον | ἕλες | ἕλε(ν) | ἕλετον | ἑλέτην | ἕλομεν | ἕλετε | ἕλον | ||||
subjunctive | ἕλω, ἕλωμῐ |
ἕλῃς, ἕλῃσθᾰ |
ἕλῃ, ἕλῃσῐ |
ἕλητον | ἕλητον | ἕλωμεν | ἕλητε | ἕλωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἕλοιμῐ | ἕλοις/ἕλοισθᾰ | ἕλοι | ἑλεῖτον | ἑλείτην | ἑλεῖμεν | ἑλεῖτε | ἑλεῖεν | |||||
imperative | ἕλε | ἑλέτω | ἕλετον | ἑλέτων | ἕλετε | ἑλόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἑλόμην | ἕλεο | ἕλετο | ἕλεσθον | ἑλέσθην | ἑλόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἕλεσθε | ἕλοντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἕλωμαι | ἕληαι | ἕληται | ἕλησθον | ἕλησθον | ἑλώμε(σ)θᾰ | ἕλησθε | ἕλωνται | |||||
optative | ἑλοίμην | ἕλοιο | ἕλοιτο | ἕλοισθον | ἑλοίσθην | ἑλοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ἕλοισθε | ἑλοίᾰτο | |||||
imperative | ἕλεο | ἑλέσθω | ἕλεσθον | ἑλέσθων | ἕλεσθε | ἑλέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἑλεῖν/ἑλέειν/ἑλέμεν(αι) | ἑλέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἑλών | ἑλόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἑλοῦσᾰ | ἑλομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἑλόν | ἑλόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾑρήκειν, ᾑρήκη |
ᾑρήκεις, ᾑρήκης |
ᾑρήκει(ν) | ᾑρήκετον | ᾑρηκέτην | ᾑρήκεμεν | ᾑρήκετε | ᾑρήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾑρήμην | ᾕρησο | ᾕρητο | ᾕρησθον | ᾑρήσθην | ᾑρήμεθᾰ | ᾕρησθε | ᾕρηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀραιρήκειν, ἀραιρήκη |
ἀραιρήκεις, ἀραιρήκης |
ἀραιρήκει(ν) | ἀραιρήκετον | ἀραιρηκέτην | ἀραιρήκεμεν | ἀραιρήκετε | ἀραιρήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἀραιρήμην | ἀραίρησο | ἀραίρητο | ἀραίρησθον | ἀραιρήσθην | ἀραιρήμεθᾰ | ἀραίρησθε | ἀραίρηντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future perfect: ᾑρήσομαι (rare)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾑρήσομαι | ᾑρήσῃ, ᾑρήσει |
ᾑρήσεται | ᾑρήσεσθον | ᾑρήσεσθον | ᾑρησόμεθᾰ | ᾑρήσεσθε | ᾑρήσονται | ||||
optative | ᾑρησοίμην | ᾑρήσοιο | ᾑρήσοιτο | ᾑρήσοισθον | ᾑρησοίσθην | ᾑρησοίμεθᾰ | ᾑρήσοισθε | ᾑρήσοιντο | |||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾑρήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ᾑρησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ᾑρησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ᾑρησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- αἵρεσις (haíresis)
- αἱρετέος (hairetéos)
- αἱρετής (hairetḗs)
- αἱρετίζω (hairetízō)
- αἱρετικός (hairetikós)
- αὐθαίρετος (authaíretos)
- ἀφαιρέω (aphairéō)
- διαιρέω (diairéō)
- ἐναιρέω (enairéō)
- ἐξαιρέω (exairéō)
- ἐφαιρέω (ephairéō)
- καθαιρέω (kathairéō)
- μεθαιρέω (methairéō)
- νεαίρετος (neaíretos)
- παραιρέω (parairéō)
- περιαιρέω (periairéō)
- προαιρέω (proairéō)
- προαναιρέω (proanairéō)
- προσαναιρέω (prosanairéō)
- προσαφαιρέω (prosaphairéō)
- προσδιαιρέω (prosdiairéō)
- συγκαθαιρέω (sunkathairéō)
- συναιρέω (sunairéō)
- συναφαιρέω (sunaphairéō)
- συνδιαιρέω (sundiairéō)
- συνεξαιρέω (sunexairéō)
- ὑπεξαιρέω (hupexairéō)
- ὑφαιρέω (huphairéō)
References
edit- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3. *ser-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 535
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἱρέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 42
Further reading
edit- “αἱρέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “αἱρέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “αἱρέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- αἱρέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- αἱρέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- αἱρέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “αἱρέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G138 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (take)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *selh₁-
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek suppletive verbs