Wikipedia

WJFW-TV

WJFW-TV (channel 12) is a television station licensed to Rhinelander, Wisconsin, United States, serving the Wausau area as an affiliate of NBC. The station is owned by Rockfleet Broadcasting and maintains studios on County Road G (along WIS 17) in Rhinelander. WJFW-TV is broadcast from a primary transmitter in Starks, Wisconsin, and translator W27AU-D on Mosinee Hill, serving the immediate Wausau area.

WJFW-TV
CityRhinelander, Wisconsin
Channels
BrandingNBC 12; NewsWatch 12
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
  • Rockfleet Broadcasting
  • (Northland Television, LLC)
History
First air date
October 20, 1966 (58 years ago) (1966-10-20)
Former call signs
WAEO-TV (1966–1986)
Former channel number(s)
Analog: 12 (VHF, 1966–2009)
Call sign meaning
Jasper F. Williams (former owner)
Technical information[1]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID49699
ERP269 kW
HAAT362 m (1,188 ft)
Transmitter coordinates45°40′3″N 89°12′29″W / 45.66750°N 89.20806°W / 45.66750; -89.20806
Translator(s)W27AU-D Wausau
Links
Public license information
Websitewww.wjfw.com

Channel 12 went on the air as WAEO-TV on October 20, 1966. It was built by and named for Alvin E. O'Konski, a United States congressman and broadcaster. The station was off the air for nearly 10 months, from November 1968 to September 1969, after a small plane crashed into its tower at Starks, collapsing onto the studio building below; it rebuilt its studios in Rhinelander.

In 1979, WAEO-TV was sold to Seaway Communications in a "distress sale" to end a proceeding that challenged the station's broadcast license. It was the first such distress sale—in which a station facing an FCC proceeding was sold at less than market value to a minority-controlled buyer—and made WAEO-TV the first fully minority-owned network affiliate on the VHF band. The station's call letters were changed to WJFW-TV in 1986, a year after Seaway Communications principal Jasper F. Williams died in a plane crash. In the late 1980s, the station began a push to increase its presence in the Wausau area by opening a news bureau and the Mosinee Hill translator, though it continues to be perceived as a Northern Wisconsin station and lags well behind the two Wausau-based stations, WSAW-TV and WAOW, in local news ratings. Rockfleet Broadcasting acquired Seaway in 1998.

History

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Alvin O'Konski ownership

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I spent $1,500 for an antenna at my house in Mercer. It was the biggest all around, and I would invite friends in for a Packer game. They'd have the ball on the one-yard line, and you should have heard my friends scream when the blasted thing faded out.

Alvin O'Konski, on the state of television reception in northern Wisconsin[2]

In 1963, Alvin E. O'Konski, a United States congressman, received a construction permit to build a new station at Hurley, Wisconsin, using channel 12, then allotted to Ironwood, Michigan.[3] O'Konski had a track record in broadcasting. Until 1958, he owned Wausau radio station WOSA.[4] In the 1950s, he had held and surrendered a permit for a Wausau TV station[5] and asked the FCC to assign channel 9 to Wausau.[6]

He then changed his plans and asked the Federal Communications Commission to move the station to Rhinelander. Even at this point, he proposed to name the station WAEO-TV, using his initials. O'Konski claimed that resorts in the region were seeing declining bookings due to lack of local TV service and said that a station would stimulate the economically depressed Rhinelander area.[7] Instead of simply shifting the Hurley construction permit to Rhinelander, in December 1964, the FCC moved the channel and instructed O'Konski to refile for it, which also allowed others to apply.[8] The application was made in February 1965 for the channel,[9] and it was granted on June 18.[10]

WAEO-TV began broadcasting on October 20, 1966.[10] The studios were located near the 1,710 feet (520 m) tower, one of the tallest in use at that time. From the start, WAEO-TV was an NBC affiliate.[11] When Congress was not in session, O'Konski served as newsreader and made editorial comments during the program.[12] Because of the station's northerly location, Wausau was on the fringe of its coverage area. Nearby Rib Mountain impeded clear reception of the station.[13]

1968 tower collapse and reconstruction

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Alvin O'Konski built WAEO-TV, which carried his initials, and owned it until 1979.

On November 17, 1968, three Michigan deer hunters were flying home from a hunt in light snowfall when their small aircraft struck a guy wire of the WAEO-TV tower at Starks. The plane crashed into the tower, killing the men, and the tower collapsed to the ground. Most of the mast collapsed on the studios at the site, virtually destroying the building; a station engineer working inside broke his arm when the roof caved in. The mayor of Rhinelander, Al Taylor, invited WJFW-TV to set up temporary facilities at a city-owned building.[14] More people could have been killed had a touring German boys' choir not canceled its plans to tape a program due to the weather or had O'Konski not been in Green Bay for a speaking engagement.[2] In the wake of the collapse, state aviation officials called on federal authorities to expedite projects to improve the visibility of broadcasting towers.[15]

O'Konski promised the station would be rebuilt, in a best-case scenario, within four months, depending on negotiations with the city to utilize the Memorial Building as well as insurance payouts. After the collapse, he determined that the studios should not be rebuilt at Starks and should instead be in Rhinelander proper.[16] However, noting that the station's equipment was a total loss, O'Konski also said that if insurance undercovered his $1.5 million loss, he would consider not rebuilding WAEO-TV because of the capital expense required.[17] In the end, O'Konski opted to reconstruct the station, in part convinced by community concern that far outweighed his station's meager ratings, which he called "a joke".[18] In March 1969, he announced that the station would build a new tall tower and maximum-power facilities. While offices were set up in the Memorial Building, the studios would not be relocated there because there was no room to erect a 200-foot (61 m) tower to connect with the transmitter site.[2] While construction was under way, he admitted in response to an investigation by The Milwaukee Journal that some of the station's employees were on his congressional payroll. The station also served as his congressional office, for which O'Konski received a monthly stipend;[19] this was not the first time he had done this, as the WOSA studios in Wausau served as his office when he owned that station.[20]

O'Konski received $1.19 million in insurance payouts as well as $156,000 contributed by 50,000 residents of the station's broadcast area who wished to see it return to the air.[21] Channel 12 resumed broadcasting network programming on September 10, 1969, and local programming returned five days later.[22] In addition to NBC programming, WAEO-TV aired a block of instructional programs for schools[23] as well as Sesame Street in the early 1970s. At the time, there was no educational TV transmitter in the Wausau–Rhinelander area, and construction on the state educational network's WHRM-TV atop Rib Mountain was delayed.[24][25]

In 1972, after redistricting, O'Konski was not re-elected to Congress because his district was merged with that of David Obey, who won election to serve the new district. O'Konski became the full-time manager of WAEO-TV.[26]

Distress sale to Seaway Communications

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In 1977, the FCC designated WAEO-TV's broadcast license for hearing over a series of issues including possible fraudulent billing and misrepresentations in program logs and reports. Another issue was "clipping", the insertion of local commercials over network commercials or programming.[27] O'Konski chalked up the issues to two factors. He claimed that, due to Rhinelander's small size, "I have 22 employees doing the work of 75 which would be necessary on comparable stations" in larger markets. He added that most of them had never worked in television before. Nevertheless, he welcomed the hearing, saying he was glad the commission had "called (the issues) to our attention".[26] The proceeding came at a time when O'Konski was attempting to sell the station to George N. Gillett Jr.; the commission ordered him to resolve the issue before moving forward with the deal.[27] The proceeding ended under the first use of a new FCC policy, known as the "distress sale", which permitted stations facing hearings to be sold to qualified minority-owned groups at discount prices. Seaway Communications, Inc., a Chicago-based firm whose principals were Black, acquired WAEO-TV for $912,000 in a transaction approved in April 1979; an appraiser had assessed the station's fair market value at $1.5 million.[28] The transaction was also historic in marking the first time that an entirely minority-owned group had owned a VHF network affiliate.[29] This took place even though Rhinelander, like the rest of Northern Wisconsin, was heavily White; more than two decades later, the 2000 United States Census found only 44 African-American residents in Rhinelander, which had a population of 7,735.[30]

Just days after Seaway took control on June 1, 1979, another tragedy took place at the WAEO-TV tower on June 5. A repainting was necessary by changes to marking and lighting standards for federal obstructions, and a tower crew was doing paint work and replacing a burnt-out beacon light on the mast. A steeplejack, intending to come down off the tower, fell from the top of the tower to his death.[31] Tower lighting regulations continued to be a point of contention for the station. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation ordered the station to install high-intensity flashing lights for use during daylight hours, which Seaway rebuffed, claiming its mast was grandfathered when the Federal Aviation Administration adopted new tower lighting standards.[32] The new lights were eventually installed by Seaway in 1983.[33]

Seaway Communications founder Jasper F. Williams Sr., a Chicago obstetrician and gynecologist,[34] died in a small plane crash near Bloomfield, Indiana, on April 15, 1985; his son and his son's girlfriend were also killed.[35] In memory of Williams, WAEO-TV changed its call sign to WJFW-TV on October 5, 1986.[36]

Tuning in to Wausau

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Beginning in the mid-1980s, Seaway began beefing up channel 12's undersized local news operation and investing to increase its market share in the Wausau area, the most populous part of its potential market. Viewers considered it a Rhinelander station; though this resulted in strong viewership in that area, it was a distant third place in local ratings. When all three stations aired news at 10 p.m., channel 12 attracted 6 percent of the audience, WAOW drew 29 percent, and WSAW-TV led with a 45 percent share. WJFW-TV opened a two-person news bureau in Wausau with the ability to insert live segments into channel 12's newscasts. The news department needed more staffing. As late as 1982,[37] it consisted of one person: Mike Michalak, who reported and presented the news, weather, and sports. The news staff grew to seven people by 1986, still half of the 15-member news department at WAOW.[38] Even after opening the Wausau news bureau, residents sometimes forgot WJFW existed: in 1989, three years after the bureau was set up, one of the Wausau reporters recalled someone saying, "Channel 12, is that out of Milwaukee?"[37]

On May 10, 1989, WJFW-TV activated translator W27AU, with its transmitter on Mosinee Hill. The 1,000-watt repeater served to improve the station's signal in Wausau and extend it to areas south of the city that previously were unserved by channel 12 from its more northerly location.[13] After the 1992 Cable Act reintroduced must-carry policies, WJFW-TV invoked them to appear on cable in Wisconsin Rapids for the first time; previously, the cable company there offered WEAU from Eau Claire and WLUK-TV from Green Bay as its NBC affiliates.[39]

Rockfleet Broadcasting ownership

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In 1998, Seaway Communications, which owned WJFW-TV and WVII-TV in Bangor, Maine, merged with Rockfleet Broadcasting. Rockfleet was set up by two men from New York state, Joseph Fuchs and Robert Farrow, as an investment vehicle to buy TV stations.[40] For a brief time in 1999, WJFW-TV broadcast the NFL on Fox. Until November 1999, there was no Fox affiliate in the market, and WAOW aired Fox's NFL games. That contract expired midway through the season in anticipation of WFXS (channel 55) beginning broadcasting from Wittenberg. WFXS soon signed on, taking with it the rights; its signal did not cover far northern Wisconsin, leaving fans without the ability to watch the Green Bay Packers.[41]

In 2003, WJFW began airing a new weekly news program, Hmong News, produced in conjunction with the city of Wausau and the local public-access cable service. The program was set up to provide local news and community information to the large Hmong community in central Wisconsin, particularly elders who did not speak English; previously, only a Wisconsin Public Radio regional radio show was locally produced in the language.[42] The program was born in part because some Hmong immigrants could not discern that the September 11 attacks were a real event and not another TV show.[43] It featured local commercials, dubbed into Hmong; the advertising sales paid for the cost of airing the show on WJFW.[44]

WJFW-TV ceased analog broadcasting late on February 16, 2009, a day before the original digital transition date for full-service TV stations. The Mosinee Hill translator converted from analog to digital service the next day.[45][46]

In April 2020, Donald Trump's presidential campaign sued WJFW-TV for defamation over a political advertisement from Priorities USA Action it aired that the campaign believed to be false. The move came two months after the campaign filed three defamation suits against far larger news organizations—The New York Times, The Washington Post, and CNN. Even though other stations also aired the advertisement, only WJFW was sued.[47] During the lawsuit, the affiliate groups of each of the Big Four networks, the Radio Television Digital News Association, and the Society of Professional Journalists filed briefs in support of WJFW.[48] The lawsuit was never adjudicated, as it was dismissed by agreement of both parties following the election.[49]

WJFW has long been a very distant third in the local TV ratings behind WSAW-TV and WAOW. This is because it has long been perceived as being focused on northern, not central, Wisconsin.[43] In 2012, it invoked exclusivity rules to force Charter Communications to remove WEAU from the Stevens Point cable system; the Stevens Point Journal reported that some viewers wondered why WJFW was in their market.[50]

Technical information

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Subchannels

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The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of WJFW-TV[51] and W27AU-D[52]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
WJFW-TV W27AU-D
12.1 27.1 1080i 16:9 WJFW-DT NBC
12.2 27.2 480i COZI Cozi TV
12.3 27.3 4:3 Antenna Antenna TV
12.4 27.4 16:9 HSN HSN
12.5 27.5 QVC QVC
12.6 27.6 Shop LC Shop LC

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Facility Technical Data for WJFW-TV". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  2. ^ a b c Pagel, Ray (March 30, 1969). "O'Konski To Reopen Station With Record-High TV Tower". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. pp. D-1, D-5. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "O'Konski Asks Merrill TV". Wausau Daily Record-Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. March 5, 1963. p. 5. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "OK Sale of WSAU-Radio". Wausau Daily Record-Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. June 19, 1958. p. 1. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "O'Konski Turns Back Wausau TV Permit". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. October 13, 1954. p. 2:7. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ "O'Konski Seeks Shift in TV Channel 9". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. Associated Press. March 16, 1957. p. 1:5. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "O'Konski Switches His TV Plea". The Capital Times. Madison, Wisconsin. August 12, 1964. p. 15. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "O'Konski Bids To Build TV Channel 12". Wausau Daily Record-Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. Associated Press. December 29, 1964. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "O'Konski Files For Channel 12". Wausau Daily Record-Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. Associated Press. February 13, 1965. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ a b "FCC History Cards for WJFW-TV" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission.
  11. ^ "Rhinelander's TV Station Opens Oct. 8". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. September 18, 1966. p. D-3. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "Window on Wisconsin". The Capital Times. Madison, Wisconsin. January 15, 1968. p. 26. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ a b Pirkl, Tim (May 12, 1989). "WJFW TV-12 expands area with Channel 27 translator". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. p. 1C. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Plane Hits Tower, 3 Killed". Marshfield News-Herald. Marshfield, Wisconsin. Associated Press. November 18, 1968. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Clearer Markings Urged on TV Towers". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. November 20, 1968. p. 6. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "O'Konski Goal: 4 Months: Aims to Get Rhinelander TV on Air Soon". Wausau Daily Record-Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. November 23, 1968. p. 15. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "O'Konski May Not Reopen TV Station". The Eau Claire Leader. Eau Claire, Wisconsin. November 24, 1968. p. 3A. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "O'Konski Says TV Ratings 'Are A Joke'". The Daily Telegram. Eau Claire, Wisconsin. UPI. April 8, 1969. p. 5A. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "O'Konski Admits Paying TV Employes With Congressional Payroll Funds". Leader-Telegram. Eau Claire, Wisconsin. July 22, 1969. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ Dear, Joseph (July 14, 1953). "U. S. Pays Rent For O'Konski's Office In His Radio Station". The Capital Times. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Rhinelander TV Gets $1.1 Million Insurance Check". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. September 15, 1969. p. A-2. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "O'Konski Station Back On Airways". Stevens Point Daily Journal. Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Associated Press. September 17, 1969. p. 13. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ "Seek funds for TV time". Wausau Daily Record-Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. March 7, 1973. p. 36. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ Stewart, Carolyn (April 12, 1970). "Revolutionary show creating army of". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. pp. Close-Up 8, 9. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "'Sesame Street' on Channel 12". Wausau Daily Record-Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. May 20, 1974. p. 10. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ a b "O'Konski could lose license for WAEO-TV". The Capital Times. Madison, Wisconsin. June 6, 1977. p. 25. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ a b "O'Konski denied sale of TV station". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. July 6, 1977. p. 5. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ "'Distress sale' of WAEO-TV first approved by FCC". The Hollywood Reporter. April 25, 1979. p. 8. ProQuest 2471833446.
  29. ^ "To purchase WAEO-TV: Seaway first black group to buy network affiliate". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. Associated Press. September 23, 1978. p. 10. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^ Paluch, Amber (February 3, 2002). "Rhinelander's TV 12 broadcasted history". The Daily Tribune. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. p. 1D. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ^ "Steeplejack killed in fall from TV tower". Stevens Point Daily Journal. Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Associated Press. June 5, 1979. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ "Tower dispute up to courts". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. October 16, 1980. p. 26. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ "New TV tower installed". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. February 26, 1983. p. 5. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ Sherrod, Pam (December 29, 1980). "Chicago clinic offers best in 'family' medicine". Kenosha News. Kenosha, Wisconsin. UPI. p. 20. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ "Small plane crashes in field near Bloomfield, killing 3". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. April 16, 1985. p. 30. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ "WAEO-TV changes call letters to WJFW-TV". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. October 5, 1986. p. 3C. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ a b "Bare bones broadcast news: WJFW's small staff challenges the 'big' guys". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. May 7, 1989. p. 1E. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ Berger, Tom (November 23, 1986). "Channel 12 tunes in to Wausau". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. pp. 1D, 4D. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "Crown Cable moves C-Span channel to make room for Rhinelander station". The Daily Tribune. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. April 5, 1994. p. 3A. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ^ McDonald, Michael (May 6, 1998). "N.Y. group buys Bangor's Channel 7". The Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Maine. p. A4. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^ Garza, Jesse; Costanza, Joe (December 4, 1999). "Lacking the Pack: Fox affiliate's weak signal may leave North Woods football fans in the dark". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. p. 1. ProQuest 261067064.
  42. ^ Kimmes, Amy (April 12, 2003). "New TV show designed for Hmong airs Sunday". Marshfield News-Herald. Marshfield, Wisconsin. p. A2. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ a b Seltzer, Henry (June 30, 2003). "A Two-Station Race". Broadcasting & Cable. p. 11. ProQuest 225239412.
  44. ^ Gearhart, Kyle (May 6, 2003). "'Hmong News' scores with advertisers". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. p. 3A. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ Loiselle, Megan (February 15, 2009). "Local TV stations set for switch to digital". Stevens Point Journal. Stevens Point, Wisconsin. p. 3A. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  46. ^ "List of TV stations ending analog broadcasts". NBC News. Associated Press. February 17, 2009. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  47. ^ "Why is Trump's Campaign Suing a Small TV Station in Wisconsin?". On the Media. WNYC Studios. July 29, 2020. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  48. ^ Jessell, Harry A. (April 27, 2020). "Media Groups Back WJFW In Political Ad Fight". TVNewsCheck. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  49. ^ Brophy, Natalie (November 15, 2020). "Trump campaign lawsuit against Rhinelander TV station dismissed". Wausau Daily Herald. Wausau, Wisconsin. p. 2A. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ Paulson, Nick (April 16, 2012). "County could lose NBC TV affiliate". Stevens Point Journal. p. A3. ProQuest 916157717.
  51. ^ "RabbitEars TV Query for WJFW". RabbitEars. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  52. ^ "RabbitEars TV Query for W27AU". RabbitEars. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
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