Physical consequences of sex reassignment surgery
editA cross-sectional study compared the self-perceived health scores between trans men, Dutch-speaking, community dwelling men and women[1]. In long term, trans men still had a comparable self-perceived general physical health with men. Trans men even obtained a higher self-perceived health score than women. It might be explained by the higher level of testosterone in trans men after SRS. Another study showed that transsexual individuals had a similar level of quality of life with the Italian control group[2]. Other variable, such as face feminization surgery, could affect trans women’s quality of life. Research showed that trans women who had FFS had a higher satisfaction in different aspects of their quality of life, including their general physical health[3] .
In long term, the sexual health of trans women and trans men were found to be different[4]. The sex satisfaction was positively related to the satisfaction of new primary sex characteristic. The rate of masturbation also changes after sex reassignment surgery for both trans women and trans men. The trans men group masturbated more often than the trans women group. 78% of the whole group were able to reach orgasm by masturbation. The feeling of orgasm changed for both groups, trans men reported having a shorter but more powerful orgasm, while trans women reported having a more intense, longer orgasm. When comparing transexuals’ expectations for different aspects of their life, sexual level has the lowest level of satisfaction among all other levels (physical, emotional and social). Comparing transsexual and biological individuals of the same gender, trans women had a similar sexual satisfaction with biological women, while trans men had a lower level of sexual satisfaction with biological men. For the sex satisfaction differences between trans men and trans women, trans men had a lower satisfaction in their sexual life than that of trans women.
At birth
editA genetic XY baby might be considered to undergo SRS, and to be raised as a girl when born with micropenis and nonpalpable testes[5], or in another case, had the penis accidentally ablated at birth[6] . The construction of vagina was considered to be simpler than penis, and male gender assignment would only be considered when the conditions were met, for example, phallus in an adequate size.
References
edit- ^ Cuypere, Griet De; TSjoen, Guy; Beerten, Ruth; Selvaggi, Gennaro; Sutter, Petra De; Hoebeke, Piet; Monstrey, Stan; Vansteenwegen, Alfons; Rubens, Robert (2005-12-01). "Sexual and Physical Health After Sex Reassignment Surgery". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 34 (6): 679–690. doi:10.1007/s10508-005-7926-5. ISSN 0004-0002.
- ^ Castellano, E.; Crespi, C.; Dell’Aquila, C.; Rosato, R.; Catalano, C.; Mineccia, V.; Motta, G.; Botto, E.; Manieri, C. (2015-10-20). "Quality of life and hormones after sex reassignment surgery". Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 38 (12): 1373–1381. doi:10.1007/s40618-015-0398-0. ISSN 1720-8386.
- ^ Ainsworth, Tiffiny A.; Spiegel, Jeffrey H. (2010-05-12). "Quality of life of individuals with and without facial feminization surgery or gender reassignment surgery". Quality of Life Research. 19 (7): 1019–1024. doi:10.1007/s11136-010-9668-7. ISSN 0962-9343.
- ^ Wierckx, Katrien; Caenegem, Eva Van; Elaut, Els; Dedecker, David; Peer, Fleur Van de; Toye, Kaatje; Weyers, Steven; Hoebeke, Piet; Monstrey, Stan. "Quality of Life and Sexual Health after Sex Reassignment Surgery in Transsexual Men". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 8 (12): 3379–3388. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02348.x.
- ^ Rossiter, K.; Diehl, S. (1998-02-01). "Gender reassignment in children: ethical conflicts in surrogate decision making". Pediatric Nursing. 24 (1): 59–62. ISSN 0097-9805. PMID 9555446.
- ^ Diamond, M.; Sigmundson, H. K. (1997-03-01). "Sex reassignment at birth. Long-term review and clinical implications". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 151 (3): 298–304. ISSN 1072-4710. PMID 9080940.