The Tympf (rarely Timpf, Polish: Tymf) was a low-grade silver coin used in Poland-Lithuania, Brandenburg-Prussia, and Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries.
History
editThe coin was first struck in 1663 in Bromberg (present-day Bydgoszcz) in Polish Prussia by mint master Andreas Tympf for whom the coin is named after.[1][2] The nominal value was initially 30 groschen, but it soon dropped to 18 groschen due to the low silver content.[3]
Tympfe were also minted in Brandenburg-Prussia from around 1685.[4]
After the Saxon electors took over the Polish royal crown in 1688, many tympfe in the Leipzig mint were struck as 18 groschen pieces. Then, the Prussian King Frederick II, who had conquered the city in the Seven Years' War discontinued minting in 1765.
The Russian tsars minted tympfe in the Polish-Lithuanian territories they occupied from 1707 to 1709 during the Northern War and from 1759 to 1761 during the Seven Years' War.
There were other mints in Königsberg and Stettin.
After the partitions of Poland, the coin was soon replaced by other currencies. A total of around six million of these coins were issued, fetching over two million guilders.[5]
The tympf was considered in Poland because of its low value, especially in the years before the partition of Poland, as a symbol of the poor state of the country. There is a saying Dobry żart tymfa wart (A good joke is worth a tympf).
Literature
editFriedrich von Schrötter (ed.) with N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer, J. Wilcke: Dictionary of numismatics. De Gruyter, Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original 1930 edition). p. 247
References
edit- ^ Szulc, Marian (2001). Wielka historia Polski. Kraków. pp. t. XIII: R-Ż. ISBN 83-86651-36-9. OCLC 165739497.
- ^ Fengler, Heinz (1976). Transpress Lexikon der Numismatik (in German). Berlin: Transpress Berlin. ISBN 9783344002206.
- ^ Kahnt, Helmut (2005). Das grosse Münzlexikon von A bis Z (in German). Regenstauf: Gietl. ISBN 3-924861-84-6. OCLC 61132800.
- ^ Wermter, Ernst Manfred (1983-12-31), "Das Königliche Preußen (Preußen königlich-polnischen Anteils) 1454 bis 1569 mit dem Hochstift Ermland und den drei großen Städten Danzig, Elbing und Thorn — Innerer Aufbau und das Verhältnis zur Krone Polen", Ständetum und Staatsbildung in Brandenburg-Preußen, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 129–152, doi:10.1515/9783110859515-010, ISBN 9783110859515, retrieved 2022-05-18
- ^ Schrötter, Friedrich von; Bauer, N.; Regling, K.; Suhle, A.; Vasmer, R.; Wilcke, J., eds. (1970-12-31). Wörterbuch der Münzkunde. doi:10.1515/9783110830552. ISBN 978-3-11-001227-9.