Treaty of Passarowitz

The Treaty of Passarowitz, or Treaty of Požarevac, was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац, German: Passarowitz, Turkish: Pasarofça), a town that was in the Ottoman Empire but is now in Serbia, on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman Empire and its adversaries, the Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice.

Treaty of Passarowitz

The central Balkans in 1718. Territories passed from the Turks to the Habsburg monarchy were:   Banat of Temeswar   Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia   Northern Bosnia Territory passed from Wallachia to the Habsburg Monarchy:   Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia)
Context	Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18) Austro-Turkish War (1716–18)
Signed	21 July 1718 (1718-07-21)
Location	Passarowitz, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (now Požarevac, Serbia)
Mediators	Kingdom of Great Britain United Provinces
Parties	Ottoman Empire Holy Roman Empire Republic of Venice

The Carpatho-Danubian-Pontic Space in 1718 AD, after the Treaty of Passarowitz.

Region of Bosnian Posavina, assigned to Habsburg monarchy by the Treaty of Passarowitz

The Ottoman Empire after the Treaty of Passarowitz

The treaty saw the cession of several Ottoman territories to the Habsburgs, and it was regarded in its time as an extraordinary success and source of pride in Vienna.

Background

Between 1714 and 1718, the Ottomans had been successful against Venice in Ottoman Greece and Crete (Ottoman–Venetian War) but had been defeated at Petrovaradin (1716) by the Habsburg troops of Prince Eugene of Savoy (Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718).

Peace was arranged with the intervention of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, and the treaty was signed by Sir Robert Sutton and Jacob Colyer on behalf of their governments.

The other signatories were

• Damian Hugo, Count of Virmont and Michael von Talmann for the Habsburg monarchy,
• Vendramino Bianchi and Carlo Ruzzini for Venice
• Silindar Ibrahim–aga and Mehmed–efendija for the Ottoman Empire.

Terms

The Ottoman Empire lost the Banat of Temeswar, western Wallachia, northern Serbia (including the fortress town of Belgrade), and northern part of Bosnia, namely the region of Posavina to the Habsburgs. The Habsburgs also received assurances that their merchants could operate in the Ottoman domain and that Catholic priests would regain revoked privileges, which allowed the Habsburg emperor to interfere in Ottoman affairs through connections with the church community and by championing the Catholic faith.

Venice ceded the Morea, its last remaining outposts in Crete, and the islands of Aegina and Tinos. Venice retained only the Ionian Islands (with Ottoman-occupied Kythira added to them), and the cities of Preveza and Arta on the Epirote mainland. In Dalmatia, Venice made some small advances by taking the areas of Imotski and Vrgorac in the Hinterland.

Aftermath

An exhibition in ethno-park Tulba near Požarevac showing how the treaty was signed.

The treaty gave the Habsburgs control over the northern part of present-day Serbia, which they had temporarily occupied during the Great Turkish War between 1688 and 1690. The Habsburgs established the Kingdom of Serbia as a crown land. The Habsburgs also formed the Banat into another crown land.

Habsburg control lasted 21 years, when the Turks won the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39). In the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade, the Ottoman Empire regained northern Bosnia, Habsburg Serbia (including Belgrade) and southern parts of the Banat of Temeswar, and Oltenia was returned to Wallachia.

See also

• List of treaties

Sources

• Ágoston, Gábor (2011). "The Ottoman Wars and the Changing Balance of Power along the Danube in the Early Eighteenth Century". The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. pp. 93–108.
• Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
• Dabić, Vojin S. (2011). "The Habsburg-Ottoman War of 1716-1718 and Demographic Changes in the War-Afflicted Territories". The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. pp. 191–208. ISBN 978-1-61249-195-0.
• Heppner, Harald; Schanes, Daniela (2011). "The Impact of the Treaty of Passarowitz on the Habsburg Monarchy". The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. pp. 53–62.
• Hochedlinger, Michael (2013). Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797. London & New York: Routledge.
• Murphey, Rhoads (2011). "Twists and Turns in the Diplomatic Dialogue: the Politics of Peacemaking in the Early Eighteenth Century". The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. pp. 73–91.
• Peters, Martin (2011). "The Peace of Passarowitz in the Historical Sciences, 1718-1829". The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. pp. 39–50.
• Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2011). "The Crimean Tatars and the Austro-Ottoman Wars". The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. pp. 131–140.
• Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1991). Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0871691922.

External links

• "Treaty of Passarowitz". Encyclopædia Britannica. 14 July 2023.
• Text of treaty in English