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Sultan Bathery is a town and a Grade 3 municipality in the Wayanad district of Kerala, India, near its borders with Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Once known as a strategic location in the Malabar region, Sultan Bathery is the headquarters of the Sultan Bathery taluk.[1]
Sultan Bathery | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
 | |
  Sultan Bathery Location in Kerala, India  Sultan Bathery Sultan Bathery (India) | |
| Coordinates: 11°40′N 76°17′E / 11.67°N 76.28°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Wayanad |
| Named for | artillery battery of Tipu Sultan |
| Government | |
| • Municipal Chairperson | T K Ramesh |
| Area | |
• Total | 102.24 km2 (39.48 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 901 m (2,956 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 45,417 |
| • Density | 440/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 673592 |
| Area code | 91 4936 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KL |
| Vehicle registration | KL-73 |
| Sex ratio | 1,029 male/female |
| Literacy | 89.36% |
| [citation needed] | |
It is credited with being Kerala's cleanest town,[citation needed] and is known for its tourism and commercial activities.[citation needed]
Etymology
editThe modern town was part of Kidanganad village, so-called because of the presence of the Kidangan tribe.[2] During the invasion of Malabar by Mysore ruler Tipu Sultan, the town was used by the Mysore army as the storeroom or battery for its ammunition and used a 13th-century Ganapathi Temple located here as a battery.[3][4] Thus the town known as "Sultan's Battery" in British records later got to be called as "Sultan Bathery".
History
edit
The recorded history of Sultan Bathery, commensurate with that of Wayanad, begins in the 10th century. In 930 AD, Emperor Erayappa of the Ganga dynasty led his troops to what would later become the district in the south-west of Mysore and, after conquering it, called it Bayalnad, meaning the land of swamps.[citation needed] After Erayappa died, his sons Rachamalla and Battunga fought each other for the new kingdom of their father's legacy. Rachamalla was killed and Battunga became the undisputed ruler of Bayalnad.[citation needed]
In the 12th century AD, the Gangas were dethroned by the Kadamba dynasty of North Canara.[5] In 1104 AD, Vishnuvardhana of Hoysala invaded Bayalnad followed by the Vijayanagara dynasty in the 16th century. In 1610 AD, Udaiyar Raja Wadiyar of Mysore drove out Vijayanagara and became the ruler of Bayalnad and the Nilgiris. When Wayanad was under Hyder Ali's rule, the ghat road from Vythiri to Thamarassery was constructed.[6] Later, the British rulers developed this route into Carter Road.[7]
British rule began at the start of the 19th Century after the East India Company seized Wayanad from the hands of Pazhassi Raja and administered the district until it was superseded by the British Raj in 1858. Until 1947, Wayanad was under the rule of the Malabar collector. History has it that Wayanad has a rich folk culture that gave way to the British domination of Wayanad. The British named the village Sultan's Battery, which in later history means the Sultan's Armory.[citation needed]
The Edakkal Caves have evidence of the existence of a Neolithic civilisation in Wayanad. According to H. S. Graeme, the Thalassery Sub-Collector T. H. Balan was the first to start a revenue settlement in Wayanad.[citation needed] For administrative convenience, the area was divided into Munnadu, Muthoornadu, Ilangkornadu, Nallurnadu, Edanashankur, Poronnur, Kurumbala, Wayanad, Nambikkoli and Ganapathivattam (Ganapati). The importance and relevance of Ganapati has been mentioned often in the reports. History records that Sultan Bathery later became the place of Ganapati on the roadside during the battle of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan.[citation needed]
Ganapati grew as the medieval cities flourished, the four-way street, the main highway, and the center of worship. In 1934, the Kidanganad Panchayat was established. From the administration of the Malabar District Board, Ganapati became the administrative centre of the Kidanganad panchayat. The Niluppuzha Panchayat was formed in 1968 by the division of Kidanganad Panchayat, Nenmeni Panchayat in 1974 and Sultanbathery Panchayat in 1968.[citation needed]
New places of worship and educational institutions have emerged in different parts of the panchayat with the support of Hindu, Muslim and Christian communities. The Ganapati Temple, the Jain Temple and the Malankara Mosque are examples of the ancient history of Sultan Bathery.[citation needed] There is evidence that Sultan Bathery and other parts of Wayanad had been in contact through Tamil, Karnataka and Kodagu villages since medieval times.[citation needed]
Geography
editLocation
editSultan Bathery is located at 11°40′N 76°17′E / 11.67°N 76.28°E,[8] on the Kozhikode–Kollegal National Highway (NH 766) 97 kilometers from Kozhikode. It is 114 km from Mysore[9] and about 100 km from Ooty (Udagamandalam). It is also connected with Nilambur. It has an average elevation of 907 m (2,976 ft).[citation needed]
Climate
editSultan Bathery has a humid climate. The mean average rainfall in this area is 2,322 mm. Lakkidi, Vythiri and Meppadi are the high rainfall areas in Wayanad. The annual rainfall in these areas ranges from 3,000 to 4,000 mm. High-velocity winds are common during the southwest monsoon season and dry winds blow in March and April. High altitude regions experience severe cold. In Wayanad (Ambalavayal) the mean maximum and minimum temperature for the last five years[when?] were 29 °C and 18 °C respectively. This place experiences high relative humidity, which can rise to 95 per cent during the southwest monsoon period. Generally the year is classified into four seasons, namely, the cold weather (December–February), hot weather (March–May), southwest monsoon (June–September), and northeast monsoon (October–November) seasons.
| Climate data for Sultan Bathery, Kerala | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.8 (80.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3 (0.1) |
8 (0.3) |
14 (0.6) |
89 (3.5) |
171 (6.7) |
451 (17.8) |
903 (35.6) |
497 (19.6) |
225 (8.9) |
220 (8.7) |
79 (3.1) |
21 (0.8) |
2,681 (105.7) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[10] | |||||||||||||
Religion and worship
editIn ancient times, the region was home to the native tribes of Chettiars, Paniyar, Kurumar and Urali Nayakkar. Although there are many ethnic groups among the people, their main occupation is agriculture. The panchayath has 26 temples, 15 churches and 15 mosques. Sultan Bathery has a Jain temple that is about 2,000 years old. The center, which is in the possession of the Department of Archeology, has no festivals other than temple rituals. The festival at Sultan Bathery Mariamman Kovil is one of the festivals celebrated here. It is considered to be the national festival of Bathery. Similar festivals are celebrated in the Bathery Mahaganapathi Temple, Kuppadi Devi Temple and Karivallikkunnu Temple.[11]
Notable landmarks
edit
- Saint Mary Orthodox Cathedral and Pilgrim Centre is the oldest church in Sultan Bathery, established in 1944. The church has the holy relics of three saints and is the headquarters of Sultan Bathery Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church the administrative head of the 48 orthodox parishes in the area.[12] There is also the Nirmalagiri Aramana where the diocesan metropolitan resides in Poomala.[13]
- Edakkal caves are located 10 km from Sultan Bathery and are noted for anthropological research. The caves are two natural rock formations believed to have been formed by a large split in a huge rock.[citation needed]
- Sultan Bathery Jain Temple is one of the prominent Jain temples in Kerala, believed to have been built in the 13th century. This Mahavir stone temple at Kidanganad in Sultan Bathery is also known as Digambara Jain Temple and Kidanganad Basti. The temple architecture, inscriptions and drawings on the pillars and walls are strongly influenced by the architectural style of the Vijayanagara dynasty. An inscription on one of the pillars depicts Dharnendra Bandanam, in the form of a coiled snake.[citation needed]
- Krishnagiri Stadium is a cricket stadium located in Krishnagiri village in Wayanad. It holds up to 20,000 people and at 2,100 feet above sea level is the highest-altitude stadium used exclusively for cricket.[14]
- Thovarimala Ezhuthupara
- Wayanad Heritage Museum, Ambalavayal
- Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary houses a wide range of mammals, birds and other fauna. The mammals include elephants, tigers, panthers, jungle cats, civet cats, monkeys, wild dogs, bison, deer, and bears. More than 200 species of birds, including peacocks, babblers, cuckoos, owls, woodpeckers and jungle fowl, and 45 species of reptiles like monitor lizard and a variety of snakes and tortoises reside there.[citation needed]
Education
editThere are many government and private schools offering education. Compared to other districts of Kerala, institutions offering higher education are limited in Wayanad.[15] One of the oldest colleges in Wayanad is St Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery, established in 1965.[16] This arts and science college is affiliated with the University of Calicut.
Transport
edit
Sultan Bathery has very good road connectivity with south Indian states. The major road is NH 766 which connects to Mysore, Bangalore and Kozhikode, two state highways connected to Ooty and Coimbatore and a state highway connected to Mangalore, Kannur, Thalassery and Kasaragod. Sultan Bathery is the biggest transport hub of Wayanad district. It is located near the border with the Karnataka state.[citation needed]
There is a major Kerala Transport Depot in Sultan Bathery. Most of the long-distance buses to Kozhikode, Ooty and Bangalore start from this depot. The town also has two smaller bus stations for local travellers. The Periya ghat road connects Mananthavady to Kannur and Thalassery. The Thamarassery mountain road connects Calicut with Kalpetta. The Kuttiady mountain road connects Vatakara with Kalpetta and Mananthavady. The Palchuram mountain road connects Kannur and Iritty with Mananthavady. The road from Nilambur to Ooty is also connected to Wayanad through the village of Meppadi.[17]
The nearest railway stations are at Mysore and Calicut. The nearest airports are at Mysore, Calicut and Kannur.[citation needed]
Politics
editThe Sultan Bathery assembly constituency is part of the Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency. Its member of parliament is Rahul Gandhi of the Indian National Congress (INC) party,[18] and the MLA is I. C. Balakrishnan (INC).
The Sultan Bathery Municipality has been governed by the Left Democratic Front (LDF) since 2015.
- Chairperson: TK Ramesh (Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))
- Vice Chairperson: Elsy Paulose (CPI(M))
Since its establishment in 1962, the Bathery panchayat (council) has mainly been held by the INC-led United Democratic Front (UDF). P. C. Ahmed Haji of the Indian Union Muslim League was the first president and held office for three decades. The LDF was in power for only eight months in 2005 with the help of the Democratic Indira Congress (Kerala) party. The president was CK Sahadevan who later became the first chairman when it was converted to a municipality in 2015.[citation needed]
Municipality Chairperson
editSource: [citation needed]
| No: | Name | Party | Year | Division | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C. K. Sahadevan | CPI(M) | 18 November 2015–03/04/2018 | 1st | Beenachi |
| 2 | T. L. Sabu | Kerala Congress (M) | 26 April 2018–11 November 2020 | Kattayad | |
| 3 | T. K. Ramesh | CPI(M) | 28 December 2020–incumbent | 2nd | Dottappankulam |
Members of Legislative Assembly
editSource:[19]
| Election | Niyama Sabha | Member | Party | Tenure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | 5th | K. Raghavan Master | INC | 1977–1980 | |
| 1980 | 6th | K. K. Ramachandran Master | 1980–1982 | ||
| 1982 | 7th | 1982–1987 | |||
| 1987 | 8th | 1987–1991 | |||
| 1991 | 9th | K. C. Rosakutty | 1991–1996 | ||
| 1996 | 10th | P. V. Varghese Vaidyar | CPI(M) | 1996–2001 | |
| 2001 | 11th | N. D. Appachan | INC | 2001–2006 | |
| 2006 | 12th | P. Krishna Prasad | CPI(M) | 2006–2011 | |
| 2011 | 13th | I. C. Balakrishnan | INC | 2011–2016 | |
| 2016 | 14th | 2016–2021 | |||
| 2021 | 15th | 2021–2026 | |||
Municipality Vice Chairperson
editSource: [citation needed]
| No: | Name | Party | Year | Division | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jisha Shaji | CPI(M) | 18/11/2015–11 November 2020 | 1st | Kuppady |
| 2 | Elsy Paulose | CPI(M) | 28/12/2020–incumbent | 2nd | Sultan Bathery |
Grama Panchayat President
editSource: [citation needed]
| No: | Name | Party | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | |
| 2 | Special Officer | – | 1979–1980 |
| 3 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | 1980–1985 |
| 4 | Special Officer | – | 1985-1988 |
| 5 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | 1988-1995 |
| 6 | P. C. Ahamad Haji | IUML | 1995-1998 |
| 7 | N. M. Vijayan | INC | 1998–2000 |
| 8 | Nafeeza Ahamad koya | IUML | 2000–2005 |
| 9 | C. K. Sahadevan | CPI(M) | 2005–2006 |
| 10 | Babu Pazhupathoor | INC | 2006-2006 |
| 11 | Radha Raveendran | INC | 2006–2009 |
| 12 | O. M. George | INC | 2009–2010 |
| 13 | P. P. Ayyoob | IUML | 2010–2012 |
| 14 | O. M. George | INC | 2012–2015 |
Municipality
editSultan Bathery Municipality | |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Leadership | |
T. K. Ramesh | |
Secretary | K. M. Sainudheen |
| Structure | |
 | |
Political groups | LDF (24)
UDF (11)
|
| Website | |
| sulthanbatherymunicipality | |
| Position | Name | Party | Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chairperson | T. K. Ramesh | CPI(M) | Dottappankulam |
| Deputy Chairperson | Elsy Paulose | CPI(M) | Sultan Bathery |
| Standing Committee | Chairperson | Party | Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| Finance | Elsy Paulose | CPI(M) | Sultan Bathery |
| Development | Lisha Teacher | CPI(M) | Kidangil |
| Welfare | C. K. Sahadevan | CPI(M) | Manthamkolly |
| Health | Shamila Junaise | Independent (LDF) | Manichira |
| Public Works | K Rasheed | CPI(M) | Kuppady |
| Education, Arts & Sports | Tom Jose | Kerala Congress (M) | Manthandikunnu |
| Division number | Division name | Member | Role | Party | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aram mile | Girija Chandran | Councillor | IUML | ST Woman |
| 2 | Chethalayam | A. R. Jayakrishnan | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 3 | Chenad | Nisha P. R. | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 4 | Vengur North | Bindhu Ravi | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 5 | Odappallam | Priya Vinod | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 6 | Vengur South | Sheeba Chacko | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 7 | Pazhery | Radakrishnan | Councillor | CPI(M) | ST |
| 8 | Karuvallikunnu | Valsa Jose | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 9 | Armad | Samshad P | Councillor | Independent (UDF) | General |
| 10 | Kottakunnu | P. K. Sumathi | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 11 | Kidangil | Lisha Teacher | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 12 | Kuppady | K Rasheed | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 13 | Thirunelly | Saly Paulose | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 14 | Manthandikunnu | Tom Jose | Councillor | Kerala Congress (M) | General |
| 15 | Sathramkunnu | Prajitha Ravi | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 16 | Cheroorkunnu | Radha Raveendran | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 17 | Palakkara | Pramod K. S. | Councillor | CPI(M) | SC |
| 18 | Thelambatta | Hema C | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 19 | Thoduvatty | Asees Madala | Councillor | INC | General |
| 20 | Kaipanchery | Jamsheer Ali | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 21 | Maithanikunnu | Babu M. C. | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 22 | Fairland | Shameer Madathil | Councillor | Independent (LDF) | General |
| 23 | Kattayad | Nisha Sabu | Councillor | Independent | Woman |
| 24 | Sultan Bathery | Elsy Paulose | Deputy Chairperson | CPI(M) | General |
| 25 | Pallikandi | Harif A. C. | Councillor | IUML | General |
| 26 | Manichira | Shamila Junaise | Councillor | Independent (LDF) | Woman |
| 27 | Kalluvayal | Salim Madathil | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 28 | Poomala | Bindhu Saji | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 29 | Dottappankulam | T. K. Ramesh | Chairperson | CPI(M) | ST |
| 30 | Beenachi | Bindhu Pramod | Councillor | CPI(M) | Woman |
| 31 | Poothikadu | K. C. Yohannan | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 32 | Cheenapullu | Radha Babu | Councillor | IUML | ST Woman |
| 33 | Manthamkolly | C. K. Sahadevan | Councillor | CPI(M) | General |
| 34 | Pazhupathur | Mercy Teacher | Councillor | INC | Woman |
| 35 | Kaivattamoola | Shoukath Kallikudan | Councillor | Independent (UDF) | General |
Notable residents
edit- Basil Joseph, director and Actor in the Malayalam film industry[21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Maha Ganapathi Temple – Sulthan Bathery – Travel Info".
- ^ "Archaeological Survey of India". asi.nic.in.
- ^ Nair, Susheela (28 August 2023). "Sulthan Bathery: The journey from an ammunition depot to Kerala's cleanest town". The News Minute. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ "History of Sulthan Bathery, which Kerala BJP chief wants renamed as Ganapathyvattam". 11 April 2024.
- ^ Moraes, George M. (1931). The Kadamba Kula. Bombay: B. X. Furtado & Sons.
- ^ Madras District Gazetteers – the Nilgiris by W. Francic, pages 90–104. Madras, 1908.
- ^ Report of the Administration of Mysore, 1863–64. British Parliament Library.
- ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sultans Battery, India". www.fallingrain.com.
- ^ "Mysore to Sulthan Bathery". mysore.ind.in. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ "Sulthan Bathery climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Sulthan Bathery weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org.
- ^ "ചരിത്രം | Sulthanbatherymunicipality.gov.in". sulthanbatherymunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in.
- ^ "Sultan Bathery Diocese". moscbatherydiocese.com. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Diocese of Sultan Bathery". MOSC.in. MOSC Publications. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Krishnagiri Stadium in Wayanad | Districts of Malabar". www.keralatourism.org. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ "Short history of Wayanad" (PDF). Retrieved 18 July 2012.
- ^ "St Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery official website". Retrieved 18 July 2012.
- ^ "Road from Meppadi to Nilambur-Ooty Highway". Google Maps. 11 April 2024.
- ^ "Assembly Constituencies – Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies" (PDF). Kerala. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
- ^ "Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Sulthan Bathery". Maps of India.
- ^ "Local Self Government Department | Local Self Government Department". lsgkerala.gov.in.
- ^ S, Harikumar J. (10 October 2018). "Basil Joseph on his side-splitting act and Thiruvananthapuram dialect in 'Padayottam'". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
External links
edit
Media related to Sultan Bathery at Wikimedia Commons
Sultan Bathery travel guide from Wikivoyage- Official website of the Wayanad district
