Starship Troopers is an American military science fiction media franchise based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert A. Heinlein and the satirical 1997 film adaptation by screenwriter Edward Neumeier and director Paul Verhoeven.
Setting
editThe series is set hundreds of years in the future, after a collapse of Western democracy and many resulting wars. In this future, human society is now ruled by the Terran Federation, a government run by military veterans. Military service is voluntary, but required to earn the full rights of citizenship, such as holding office and voting.
Much of the series focuses on the experiences of Juan "Johnny" Rico and the lessons he learns enlisting in military service along with his hometown friends, Carmen Ibanez (a love interest who becomes a pilot) and Carl (who, in the films, is shown as being a psychic who joins military intelligence). Johnny joins the 'Mobile Infantry', the primary foot soldiers of the Federation (depicted in the book as having advanced armored suits equipped with jetpacks and nuclear weapons). While Johnny is in training, an alien species known as the "Arachnids" attacks Buenos Aires, resulting in the death of Johnny's family (only his mother in the books, his entire family in the film). After this, the Federation goes to war and the series follows their attempts to defeat the "bugs", especially by capturing part of the Arachnid ruling class.
Novel
editStarship Troopers (1959)
editAt some point between 1958 and 1959, Robert Heinlein put aside the novel that would become Stranger in a Strange Land and wrote Starship Troopers. His motivation arose partially from his anger at US President Dwight Eisenhower's decision to suspend US nuclear tests, and the Soviet tests that occurred soon afterward.[1] Writing in his 1980 volume Expanded Universe, Heinlein would say that the publication of a newspaper advertisement placed by the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy on April 5, 1958, calling for a unilateral suspension of nuclear weapons testing by the United States sparked his desire to write Starship Troopers.[2] Heinlein and his wife Virginia created the "Patrick Henry League" in an attempt to create support for the US nuclear testing program. Heinlein stated that he used the novel to clarify his military and political views.[3]
Like many of Heinlein's books, Starship Troopers was completed in a few weeks. It was originally written as a juvenile novel for New York publishing house Scribner; Heinlein had previously had success with this format, having written several such novels published by Scribner. The manuscript was rejected, prompting Heinlein to end his association with the publisher completely, and resume writing books with adult themes.[1][4][5] Scholars have suggested that Scribner's rejection was based on ideological objections to the content of the novel, particularly its treatment of military conflict.[4][6]
The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction first published Starship Troopers in October and November 1959 as a two-part serial titled Starship Soldier.[5]
Commentators have written that Starship Troopers is not driven by its plot, though it contains scenes of military combat. Instead, much of the novel is given over to a discussion of ideas.[7] In particular, the discussion of political views is a recurring feature of what scholar Jeffrey Cass described as an "ideologically intense" book.[8] A 1997 review in Salon categorized it as a "philosophical novel".[9] Critics have debated to what extent the novel promotes Heinlein's own political views. Some contend that the novel maintains a sense of irony that allows readers to draw their own conclusions; others argue that Heinlein is sermonizing throughout the book, and that its purpose is to expound Heinlein's militaristic philosophy.[8]
Films
editLive-action
edit| Film | U.S. release date | Director(s) | Screenwriter(s) | Producer(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starship Troopers | November 7, 1997 | Paul Verhoeven | Edward Neumeier | Jon Davison Alan Marshall |
| Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation | April 24, 2004 | Phil Tippett | Jon Davison | |
| Starship Troopers 3: Marauder | August 5, 2008 | Edward Neumeier | David Lancaster |
Future
editIn December 2011, film producer Neal H. Moritz announced plans to produce a reboot of the Starship Troopers film franchise.[10] In November 2016, Columbia and Moritz announced the writing team of Mark Swift and Damian Shannon had been signed to pen the screenplay.[11] Verhoeven expressed skepticism at the proposed remake, citing reports that it draws heavily from the original militaristic 1959 novel.[12]
Animated
edit| Film | U.S. release date | Director(s) | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starship Troopers: Invasion | August 28, 2012 | Shinji Aramaki | Flint Dille | Shinji Aramaki Joseph Chou Shigehito Kawada |
Joseph Chou |
| Starship Troopers: Traitor of Mars | August 21, 2017 | Shinji Aramaki Masaru Matsumoto |
Edward Neumeier | Joseph Chou Max Nishi Tomi Hashimoto |
Television
edit| Series | Episodes | First released | Last released | Showrunner(s) | Network(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starship Troopers | 6 | October 25, 1988 | December 17, 1988 | Tetsurō Amino | — |
| Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles | 36 + 4 clip shows | August 30, 1999 | April 3, 2000 | Richard Raynis | BKN |
Video games
edit| Video game | U.S. release date | Developer | Publisher | Platform(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starship Troopers[13] | 1979 | Dendron Amusements | Dendron Amusements | CP/M |
| Starship Troopers | 1997 | MGA Entertainment | MGA Entertainment | Handheld LCD game |
| Starship Troopers: Terran Ascendancy | October 23, 2000 | Blue Tongue Entertainment | Hasbro Interactive | Windows |
| Starship Troopers | October 27, 2005 | Strangelite | Empire Interactive and Destineer | Windows |
| Starship Troopers: Terran Command | June 16, 2022 | The Artistocrats | Slitherine Software | Windows |
| Starship Troopers: Extermination | May 17, 2023 (early access) | Offworld Industries | Offworld Industries | Windows |
Cast and characters
editList indicator(s)
- This table shows the principal characters and the actors who have portrayed them throughout the franchise.
- A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film or video game, or that the character's presence in the film or video game has not yet been announced.
- A V indicates a voice only role.
Reception
editCritical and public response
edit| Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | CinemaScore |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starship Troopers | 63% (63 reviews)[14] | 51 (20 reviews)[15] | C+[16] |
| Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation | 33% (6 reviews)[17] | — | — |
| Starship Troopers 3: Marauder | 50% (6 reviews)[18] | — | — |
| Starship Troopers: Invasion | — (4 reviews)[19] | — | — |
| Starship Troopers: Traitor of Mars | — (4 reviews)[20] | — | — |
References
edit- ^ Both Neumeier and Verhoeven are involved on the writing of the movie; the former received the screenplay credit. Four of the five films that form the main continuity of the movie universe (including the first movie itself) were written by Neumeier.
- ^ a b Gifford, James (1996). "The Nature of Federal Service in Robert A. Heinlein's Starship Troopers" (PDF). Retrieved March 4, 2006.
- ^ Heinlein 2003, pp. 468–469.
- ^ Heinlein 2003, pp. 468–469, 481–482.
- ^ a b Samuelson, David N. (1979). "Starship Troopers". In Magill, Frank N. (ed.). Survey of Science Fiction Literature: Volume V. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, US: Salem Press. pp. 2173–2177. ISBN 0-89356-199-1.
- ^ a b "Biographies of Robert and Virginia Heinlein". The Heinlein Society. Retrieved March 4, 2006.
- ^ Crim, Brian E. (2009). ""A World That Works": Fascism and Media Globalization in Starship Troopers". Film & History. 39 (2): 17–29. doi:10.1353/flm.0.0105. S2CID 155012971.
- ^ Booker & Thomas 2009, p. 215.
- ^ a b Cass 1999, p. 52.
- ^ Shoales, Ian (November 13, 1997). "Ill Humor". Salon. Archived from the original on May 14, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
- ^ White, James (December 4, 2011). "Starship Troopers Remake Planned". Empire. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ "'Starship Troopers' Reboot in the Works (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. November 3, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ^ Reed, Ryan (November 16, 2016). "Original 'Starship Troopers' Director: Remake Fits Trump Presidency". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ "Starship Troopers 1979".
- ^ "Starship Troopers (1997)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
- ^ "Starship Troopers (1997) Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
- ^ "CinemaScore". CinemaScore. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
- ^ "Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation (2004)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
- ^ "Starship Troopers 3: Marauder (2008)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
- ^ "Starship Troopers: Invasion (2012)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
- ^ "Starship Troopers: Traitor of Mars (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
Sources
edit- Booker, M. Keith; Thomas, Anne-Marie (2009). The Science Fiction Handbook. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781405162067. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
- Cass, Jeffrey (April 1999). "SS Troopers: Cybernostalgia and Paul Verhoeven's Fascist Flirtation". Studies in Popular Culture. 21 (3): 51–63. JSTOR 23414533.
- Heinlein, Robert A. (2003). Expanded Universe. New York City, New York, US: Baen. ISBN 0-7434-7159-8. OCLC 223822885.