SM UB-32 was a German Type UB II submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 22 July 1915 and launched on 4 December 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 April 1916 as SM UB-32.[Note 1]
 SM UB-45, a U-boat similar to UB-32
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 German Empire | |
| Name | UB-32 |
| Ordered | 22 July 1915[1] |
| Builder | Blohm & Voss, Hamburg[1] |
| Cost | 1,152,000 German Papiermark[2] |
| Yard number | 256[1] |
| Launched | 4 December 1915[1] |
| Completed | 10 April 1916[1] |
| Commissioned | 11 April 1916[2] |
| Fate |
|
| General characteristics [2] | |
| Class and type | Type UB II submarine |
| Displacement | |
| Length |
|
| Beam |
|
| Draught | 3.69 m (12 ft 1 in) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed |
|
| Range |
|
| Test depth | 50 m (160 ft) |
| Complement | 2 officers, 21 men |
| Armament |
|
| Notes | 42-second diving time |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |
|
| Commanders: | |
| Operations: | 16 patrols |
| Victories: | |
The submarine sank 22 ships in 16 patrols. She was last heard from on 17 September 1917 and may have been bombed and sunk by Royal Naval Air Service aircraft in the English Channel on 22 September 1917.[2] The wreck was found in the 1980s but only identified as UB-32 in 2021.
Design
editA Type UB II submarine, UB-32 had a displacement of 274 tonnes (270 long tons) when at the surface and 303 tonnes (298 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 36.90 m (121 ft 1 in), a beam of 4.37 m (14 ft 4 in), and a draught of 3.69 m (12 ft 1 in). The submarine was powered by two Benz six-cylinder diesel engines producing a total 270 metric horsepower (270 shp; 200 kW), two Siemens-Schuckert electric motors producing 280 metric horsepower (210 kW; 280 shp), and one propeller shaft. She was capable of operating at depths of up to 50 metres (160 ft).[2]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 9.06 knots (16.78 km/h; 10.43 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 5.71 knots (10.57 km/h; 6.57 mph). When submerged, she could operate for 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 7,030 nautical miles (13,020 km; 8,090 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph). UB-32 was fitted with two 50 centimetres (20 in) torpedo tubes, four torpedoes, and one 8.8 cm (3.5 in) Uk L/30 deck gun. She had a complement of twenty-one crew members and two officers and a 42-second dive time.[2]
Summary of raiding history
edit| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 2] | Fate[7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 March 1917 | Comrades |  United Kingdom
|
58 | Sunk |
| 13 March 1917 | De Tien Kinders |  Belgium
|
44 | Sunk |
| 13 March 1917 | Gold Seeker | United Kingdom
|
62 | Sunk |
| 30 March 1917 | HMS Penshurst |  Royal Navy
|
1,191 | Damaged |
| 31 March 1917 | Boaz | United Kingdom
|
111 | Sunk |
| 31 March 1917 | Gippeswic | United Kingdom
|
116 | Sunk |
| 31 March 1917 | HMHS Gloucester Castle | Royal Navy
|
7,999 | Damaged |
| 31 March 1917 | Queen Louise | United Kingdom
|
4,879 | Damaged |
| 1 April 1917 | Endymion | United Kingdom
|
73 | Sunk |
| 4 April 1917 | Parana |  Brazil
|
4,461 | Sunk |
| 5 April 1917 | Ernest Legouve |  France
|
2,246 | Sunk |
| 24 April 1917 | Marie Blanche | France
|
359 | Sunk |
| 25 April 1917 | Ballarat | United Kingdom
|
11,120 | Sunk |
| 27 April 1917 | Alfalfa | United Kingdom
|
2,993 | Sunk |
| 27 April 1917 | Beemah | United Kingdom
|
4,750 | Sunk |
| 28 April 1917 | Pursue | United Kingdom
|
37 | Sunk |
| 29 April 1917 | Ellen Harrison | United Kingdom
|
103 | Sunk |
| 29 April 1917 | Mermaid | United Kingdom
|
76 | Sunk |
| 30 April 1917 | Portbail | France
|
378 | Sunk |
| 8 June 1917 | Vinaes |  Norway
|
1,107 | Sunk |
| 11 June 1917 | Mar Cor |  Kingdom of Italy
|
3,257 | Sunk |
| 12 June 1917 | South Point | United Kingdom
|
4,258 | Sunk |
| 14 June 1917 | Vigoureuse | France
|
152 | Sunk |
| 5 July 1917 | Havbris | Norway
|
677 | Sunk |
| 6 July 1917 | Wabasha | United Kingdom
|
5,864 | Damaged |
| 26 August 1917 | Feltre | Kingdom of Italy
|
6,455 | Sunk |
Wreck and identification as UB-32
editIn the 1980s a shipwreck was discovered by the Flemish Hydrographic Service some 50 kilometer from the Belgian shore and was put on the map as B140/225. In 2009 some extensive dives were made and it became clear that it was the remains of a U-boat. The wreck is at a maximum depth of 41 meters and it lies on its port side. The remains extend over a length of about 35 meters, with a width of 5 meters. The highest point is the tower, which rises about 6 meters above the ground. The submarine is intact from the stern to about 2 meters in front of the turret. The bow has been completely destroyed, apparently by a heavy impact, and it appears to have been squashed from above, with the hull split in two lengthwise. At 20 meters from the bow lie two large iron fragments on the port side, pieces of the pressure hull of the submarine, probably from the 2 forward depth rudders. The 2 periscopes have been retracted and it is striking that the heads of the periscopes, with the lid, eyepiece and glass, have cracked open. The tail of the U-boat was partly covered with lost nets and ropes. After they were partially removed, the bronze starboard propeller of the submarine was found on which was the inscription: "B & V, 1150 mm, 660, Projiz Flache 8416, Mangan Bronze, STB Schiffsschr. 6, UB.32". After some digging, the port propeller could also be found. The fact that the submarine has two propellers makes it clear that it is a submarine of type UB-II.[8]
The damage which is clearly visible on the wreckage confirms that the UB-32 sank by a heavy impact from above. The fact that two hatches were closed and that both periscopes were retracted may indicate that the UB-32 was submerged when hit or diving. The bow with the accommodation for the crew, the torpedo hold and the battery compartments, has been completely disassembled. That damage cannot be due to a mine explosion. Mines usually lead to a blown bow or stern, a crack in the hull or a severe dent on the underside of the hull. With this wreck it is clear that an impact from on top of the submarine has led to the 'squeezed' appearance of the wreck. The top deck seems to have split in half. Relatively large fragments have also been found at a distance from the wreck, such as the sheet-iron pieces of the front depth rudders. All of this points to a major explosion, possibly followed by a second, internal explosion. The force that was developed was so great that it caused the fragments to fling and the two periscope heads to explode. Such a violent explosion can be caused by a depth bomb or aircraft bomb or the impact of a torpedo. This seems to somewhat corroborate the British claims that the submarine was sunk from above by a plane.[8]
Notes
edit- ^ "SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" (English: His Majesty's) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.
- ^ Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Rössler 1979, p. 64.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gröner 1991, pp. 23–25.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Ludwig Karl Sahl". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Karl Ruprecht". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Max Viebeg (Pour le Mérite)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Benno von Ditfurth". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by UB 32". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
- ^ a b De Roy, Luc (10 November 2021). "Opmerkelijke vondst in de Noordzee: wrak blijkt Duitse duikboot UB-32 uit WO I te zijn". vrtnws.be (in Dutch).
Bibliography
edit- Bendert, Harald (2000). Die UB-Boote der Kaiserlichen Marine, 1914-1918. Einsätze, Erfolge, Schicksal (in German). Hamburg: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH. ISBN 3-8132-0713-7.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
- Rössler, Eberhard (1979). Die deutschen U-Boote und ihre Werften: eine Bilddokumentation über den deutschen U-Bootbau; in zwei Bänden (in German). Vol. I. Munich: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 3-7637-5213-7.