Regat Germans or Old Kingdom Germans (German: Regatsdeutsche or Altreichsdeutsche/Altreich-Deutsche) are an ethnic German group of the eastern and southern parts of Romania. The Regat is a Romanian-language term ascribed for the initial territorial extent of the Kingdom of Romania before World War I, roughly the regions of the current state of Romania to the south and east of Transylvania.
 Top: Flag of the Kingdom of Romania Bottom: The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Romania | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Wallachia (Muntenia and Oltenia) and Western Moldavia | |
| Languages | |
| German, Romanian | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholicism and Evangelical Lutheranism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Germans and Austrians | |
Lived in Wallachia and Moldavia between the late 19th century and mid 20th century (and, in very smaller numbers, to the present day as well) |
Consequently, this territory includes Western Moldavia, Northern Dobruja, Muntenia, Oltenia, and the Hertsa region (now in Chernivtsi Oblast, southwestern Ukraine). Most of the Regat German population was re-settled in the mid 20th century during World War II through the Heim ins Reich national socialist population transfer policy. Nowadays, the remaining Regat Germans, as all other German groups in Romania, are represented in local and central politics by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR). The Regat Germans are part of the Romanian Germans.
Population transfers to Nazi Germany
editAs part of the Nazi-Soviet population transfers and the Heim ins Reich ("Home into the Empire") population transfer policy, Nazi Germany called ethnic Germans abroad to settle in the former Polish territories. Consequently, 77,000 Regat Germans were resettled in those regions in 1940.[1]
Ethnic Germans from Romania resettled by Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1944[2]
| To Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany | To General Government/Poland | To Oder–Neisse line region | To Austria | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 128,000 | 12,000 | 52,000 | 20,000 | 212,000 |
| Territory of origin | Total | Re-settled in annexed eastern territories |
|---|---|---|
| Bessarabia | 93,342 | 89,201 |
| Northern Bukovina | 43,670 | 24,203 |
| Southern Bukovina | 52,149 | 40,804 |
| Dobruja | 15,454 | 11,812 |
| Romania, Regat | 10,115 | 1,129 |
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German-language map depicting the transfers of Volksdeutsche during the Heim ins Reich re-settlement.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Enzyklopadie Migration in Europa. Vom 17. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. München: K.J.Bade, 2007, ss. 1082–1083.
- ^ Dr. Gerhard Reichling, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995, Pages 23–27
- ^ Kroener, Bernhard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (2003). Germany and the Second World War:Organization and mobilization of the German sphere of power. Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1942-1944/5. Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN 0-19-820873-1.
Further reading
edit- Hans Liebhart, Deutsche in Bukarest - Zwei-drei Jahrhunderte erlebter Geschichte, ADZ Verlag, Bukarest 2003
- Hans Liebhart, In Bukarest und Altrumänien - Deutsche Spuren noch und noch, ADZ Verlag, Bukarest 2006
- „Aus fünf Jahrzehnten. Geschichte der Deutsch-Evangelischen Gemeinde Turn-Severin 1861-1911“, Tip. E.J. Knoll, Turnu – Severin, 1911 in Evangelisches Zentralarchiv in Berlin (ZA 5091 / 107), Signatur: EZA Bibl. 81/154 in „Echo der Vortragsreihe“, Nummer 12/2007, Reschitz, 2007
- Zentralarchiv der Evangelischen Kirche A.B. in Rumänien in Kultur- und Begegnungszentrums "Friedrich Teutsch", Hermannstadt, Abtl. Kirchengemeinden, Bestand 179, Turn – Severin
- Dănescu, Constantin, „Şantierul Naval din Turnu Severin”, Band 1, (1851 – 1950), Prier Verlag, Turn – Severin, 2004
- Klein, Karl Kurt, Urkunden zur Geschichte evangelisch deutscher Diasporagemeinden im 19. Jahrhundert, Hermannstadt, Krafft & Drotleff, 1927
- Klein, Karl Kurt, Geschichte der Jassyer deutsch-evangelischen Gemeinde (mit einem Überblick über den Protestantismus in der Moldau im XVI. u. XVII. Jahrhundert), Hermannstadt, 1924
- Hering, Julius, Annalen der römisch-katholischen Pfarrei von Turn - Severin, in „Echo der Vortragsreihe“, Nummer 12/2006, Reschitz, 2006
- Louie, de Bie, „Die Römisch – Katholische Gemeinde zu Turn – Severin, ist sie oder nicht unabhängig?“, Tip. E.J. Knoll, Turnu – Severin, 1889
- Raymund Netzhammer: Bischof in Rumänien. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Staat und Vatikan. Bd. I. und II. Hrsg. von Nikolaus Netzhammer in Verbindung mit Krista Zach, München 1996
- Povești din folclorul germanilor din România by Roland Schenn, Corint publishing house, 2014 (in Romanian)