The Soviet RG-42 (Ручная Граната образца 42 года > Ruchnaya Granata obraztsa 42 goda, "Hand Grenade pattern of [19]42 year") was a fragmentation grenade designed by S. G. Korshunov.
| RG-42 grenade | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Hand grenade |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| Used by | see Users |
| Wars | World War II, Continuation War,[1] Korean War, Vietnam War, Soviet-Afghan War, Gulf War, Georgian Civil War, First Chechen War, Afghan Civil War (1992–1996), Insurgency in the North Caucasus, Russo-Ukrainian War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | S. G. Korshunov[2] |
| Designed | c. 1942 |
| Produced | 1942–1954 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 420 grams (15 oz)[2] |
| Height | 121 millimetres (4.8 in) |
| Diameter | 54 millimetres (2.1 in) |
| Filling | TNT |
| Filling weight | 110–120 grams (3.9–4.2 oz) |
Detonation mechanism | Time-fuze, 3.2–4.0 (3.2-4.2) seconds[2] |
While it was introduced as a stopgap measure to replace the complex and expensive RGD-33 grenade, it remained in use with the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact countries, and allied nations such as People's Republic of China after World War II. In Soviet service it was used until 1981 during the Soviet-Afghan war.
Design
editUnlike the RGD-33, the RG-42 was a simple design, being a little more than a steel sheet cylinder filled with explosives.[3] It required no casting and were produced in existing can factories. It also shared the UZRG fuse used on the F-1 grenade.[4]
It contained approximately 110–120 g (3.9–4.2 oz) of the high explosive (TNT) in a cylindrical stamped-metal can.[3] According to Rottman, the fragmentation liner was a thin sheet of steel rolled into three layers with diamond shaped grooves.[4]
The RG-42 was fitted with a UZRG or UZRGM fuze with a 3.2−4.2 second delay, same types used by the F-1 and RGD-5 grenades.[3][5]
The grenade could be thrown about 30–40 m (33–44 yd) and has an effective fragmentation radius of approximately 25 m (27 yd).[6] While the blast effect is dangerous over radius of at least 10 m (11 yd).[3]
The total weight of the grenade with the fuze was 420 g (15 oz).[2]
History
editThe RG-42 was originally introduced during World War II from 1942 onwards as an emergency measure to replace the RGD-33 grenade,[1] a pre-war design which proved to be too complex to operate, too expensive and time consuming to produce.[7] It remained in use with the USSR, Warsaw Pact countries, and Communist China in the post-war period.[4]
After World War II, it saw action with Communist forces in the Korean War alongside the Chinese-made Type 42;[8] and North Vietnamese troops during the Vietnam War.[9]
The RG-42 was still used by Soviet troops alongside the F-1 and RGD-5 as late as 1981,[5] during the early stages of the Soviet-Afghan war.[10] In the mountains of Afghanistan, the 3.2−4.2 second delay fuze not only gave the mujahideen enough time to search for cover, but it also posed the danger of the grenade rolling back to friendly positions after it was thrown.[11] As result the RG-42 was replaced by the RGN and RGO hand grenades,[10] which were introduced mid-1980s.[4]
In the 1990s, it was still used by Iraqi forces during the Gulf War;[12] During the Georgian Civil War several paramilitary groups purchased ex-Soviet surplus grenades from Russian officers;[13] In 1992, prior to the First Chechen War, it was estimated that Chechen forces loyal to separatist leader Dzhokhar Dudayev captured 80,000 RG-42s from ex-Soviet stocks;[14] In 1994, several Afghan militias including the Taliban possessed some grenades alongside other Soviet small arms left behind following the collapse of the Najibullah regime.[15]
Despite the RG-42 age, it was "still likely to be found almost anywhere, especially in Africa and the Balkans" in the 2010s, according to Jane's;[3] In 2011, Azerbaijan security forces seized at least three grenades from Caucasus Emirate insurgents;[16] In 2019, during the war in Donbas, Ukrainian forces seized at least one grenade from the pro-Russian insurgents.[17]
Foreign copies
editAlthough the RG-42 is considered obsolete, China still produced copies (as the Type 42 grenade) until the late 2000s, while Poland and Romania produced the RG-42 as late as 2010.[3]
According to US intelligence, Czechoslovakia and North Korea have also produced and used locally made copies of the RG-42.[18][19]
Users
edit
Afghanistan − Captured by the Afghan mujahideen[15]
Bulgaria[20]
Caucasus Emirate[21]
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria[22]
China − Produced locally as the Type 42[3]
Czechoslovakia[18]
East Germany[23][24]
Georgia − Used during civil conflicts in 1990s[13]
Iraq[12][25]
North Korea − Were used at least until 1997[19]
Poland[26] − Were used at least until 2019[27]
Romania[3]
Soviet Union[2]
Ukraine − Several were kept in storage as late as 2017.[28][29][30] Seen in use as late as April 2024, according to the Russian MoD[31]
Vietnam[9]
Western Sources
edit- Brassey's Infantry Weapons of the World describes this grenade as having 118 g (4.2 oz) of TNT, 20 metres (22 yd) fragmentation effect, and a 40 metres (44 yd) tossing range.[32]
- According to Jane's the RG-42 have a height of 130 mm (5.1 in) with fuse and 85 mm (3.3 in) without, and a mass without fuse of 384 g (13.5 oz).[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Campbell 2020, p. 16.
- ^ a b c d e П. А. Гусак, А. М. Рогачев. Начальная военная подготовка (справочное пособие военрука). 2-е изд., доп. и перераб. Минск, 1975. стр.223–225
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Jones & Ness 2010, p. 753.
- ^ a b c d Rottman 2015, p. 31.
- ^ a b Yelshin 1981, p. 31.
- ^ Russian General Staff 2002, p. 41.
- ^ Rottman 2015, p. 30.
- ^ Bunker 2010, p. 292.
- ^ a b Rottman 2012, p. 31.
- ^ a b Russian General Staff 2002, pp. 40−41.
- ^ Russian General Staff 2002, p. 42.
- ^ a b Jacobson 1991, p. 34.
- ^ a b Small Arms Survey (1998). Politics From The Barrel of a Gun (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2011.
- ^ German 2003, pp. 57−58.
- ^ a b Matinuddin 2000, p. 49−51.
- ^ Hahn 2014, pp. 228−229.
- ^ CAR 2021, p. 102.
- ^ a b Department of the Army 1960, p. 69.
- ^ a b RG-42 Fragmentation Hand Grenade // North Korea Country Handbook MCIA-2630-NK-016-97. U.S. Department of Defense, May 1997. page A-94
- ^ Department of the Army 1960, p. 48.
- ^ Hahn 2014, p. 229.
- ^ German 2003, p. 58.
- ^ Taschenkalender der Nationalen Volksarmee. Verlag des Ministeriums für Nationale Verteidigung, 1957
- ^ Department of the Army 1960, p. 95.
- ^ Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (1998). Iraq Country Handbook (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. A-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
- ^ Department of the Army 1960, p. 139.
- ^ "W końcowej fazie poligonowego szkolenia zintegrowanego terytorialsi wykonywali rzut bojowym granatem zaczepnym RG-42."
Bogusław Politowski. Terytorialsi na poligonie w Wędrzynie // "Polska Zbrojna" (August 5, 2019) - ^ Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України від 1 березня 2006 р. № 241 «Про затвердження переліку військового майна військ Цивільної оборони, яке може бути відчужено»
- ^ Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України від 25 травня 2011 р. № 450-р «Деякі питання відчуження майна Оперативно-рятувальної служби цивільного захисту Міністерства надзвичайних ситуацій»
- ^ Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України від 18 серпня 2017 р. № 547-р «Про затвердження переліку боєприпасів, що підлягають утилізації у 2017–2021 роках»
- ^ Военнослужащий армейского корпуса группировки войск «Восток» уничтожил 27 украинских боевиков в ходе захвата и удержания опорного пункта ВСУ в районе Новомихайловки / official website of the Russian Ministry of Defense (April 5, 2024)
Рядовой Максимов отбил четыре штурма и уничтожил 27 боевиков / телеканал "Звезда" от 5 апреля 2024 - ^ Owen, J.I.H (1975). Brassey's Infantry Weapons of the World. New York, N.Y.: Bonanza. pp. 222–223. ISBN 0-517-242346.
Bibliography
edit- Bunker, Robert J. (2010). "Grenades". In Tucker, Spencer C; Pierpaoli Jr, Paul G; Kim, Jinwung; Li, Xiaobing; Matray, James I. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 292−293. ISBN 978-1-85109-850-7.
- Campbell, David (2020). Soviet Soldier vs Finnish Soldier: The Continuation War 1941–44. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-3828-5.
- Department of the Army, United States (1960). Handbook on the Satellite Armies. Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army.
- German, Tracey C. (2003). Russia's Chechen War. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43250-9.
- Hahn, Gordon M. (2014). The Caucasus Emirate Mujahedin: Global Jihadism in Russia's North Caucasus and Beyond. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-1495-3.
- Jacobson, Michael R (January–February 1991). Garland, Albert N. (ed.). "Iraqi Infantry". Infantry. 81 (1). Fort Benning, GA: U.S. Army Infantry School: 33−37. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- Jones, Richard D; Ness, Leland S, eds. (2010). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2010-2011 (36th ed.). Surrey: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2908-1.
- Matinuddin, Kamal (2000). The Taliban Phenomenon Afghanistan 1994-1997: With An Afterword Covering Major Events Since 1997. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 978-81-7062-107-2.
- Rottman, Gordon L. (2015). The Hand Grenade. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0735-9.
- Rottman, Gordon L. (2012). North Vietnamese Army Soldier 1958–75. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-867-9.
- Russian General Staff (2002). Grau, Lester W; Gress, Michael A. (eds.). The Soviet-Afghan War: How a Superpower Fought and Lost. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1185-0.
- Weapons of the War in Ukraine (PDF) (Report). London: Conflict Armament Research. 2021.
- Yelshin, Colonel N. (October 1981). Kuchin, Valentin (ed.). "Hand Grenades". Soviet Military Review (10). Moscow: Krasnaya Zveda Publishing House.: 30−31. Retrieved 15 September 2024.