Persona is a class of Russian reconnaissance satellites, derived from the Resurs DK class of remote sensing satellite, in turn derived from the Soviet Yantar reconnaissance satellites. The satellites are built by TsSKB-Progress, and the optics by LOMO and the Vavilov State Optical Institute.
_vs_human_dimensions_comparison.gif) Artist's impression of a Persona satellite | |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB Progress LOMO Vavilov State Optical Institute NPO Opteks |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Russia |
| Operator | VKS (2008-2011) VKO (2011-) |
| Applications | Optical imaging |
| Specifications | |
| Launch mass | 7,000 kilograms (15,000 lb) |
| Regime | Sun-synchronous |
| Design life | 3-5 years |
| Production | |
| Status | In production |
| Built | 3 |
| Launched | 3 |
| Operational | 2 |
| Failed | 1 |
| Maiden launch | Kosmos 2441 26 July 2008 |
| Related spacecraft | |
| Derived from | Yantar |
Satellite
editThe first satellite, identified as Kosmos 2441, was launched into a 750 km Sun-synchronous orbit on 26 July 2008, atop a Soyuz-2.1b carrier rocket from LC-43/4 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome.[1] It reportedly failed to return useful imagery due to an electrical malfunction.[2]
A second satellite, Kosmos 2486, was launched on 7 June 2013[3] and after some initial technical problems, it was apparently operational in Summer 2014.[4]
The third satellite, Kosmos 2506, was successfully launched on 23 June 2015.[5]
Details
editThe satellites had a mass of 6,500 kilograms (14,300 lb), are 7 metres (23 ft) long, and 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) in diameter. [citation needed]
The satellites optical subsystems are believed to be based on a 3-mirror Korsch type telescope with a primary mirror diameter of 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) and focal length of 20 metres (66 ft).[6]
The CCD sensor is probably ELCT1080v1U[citation needed] with a pixel size of 9 μm.[7] The CCD is produced by ELAR, previously known as ELECTRON-OPTRONIC.[8][failed verification]
The focal plane unit is manufactured by NPO Opteks.
The satellites had a nadir image spatial resolution of 33 centimetres (13 in), using panchromatic imagery. They are planned to operate for seven years.[citation needed]
Satellites
edit| Satellite Name | Russian Name | Launch Date | Flight Number | SCN | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cosmos-2441 | Персона No. 1 | 26 July 2008 | 2008-037A | 33272 | Decommissioned, unable to transmit images seven months after launch |
| Cosmos-2486 | Персона No. 2 | 7 June 2013 | 2013-028A | 39177 | |
| Cosmos-2506 | Персона No. 3 | 23 June 2015 | 2015-029A | 40699 |
Persona Number 1
editThe launch of the first Persona satellite was planned to be launched in 2004, however technical issues in 2002 pushed the launch date to 2006. Project delays and cost overruns led Russia's two other leading spacecraft developers, NPO Lavochkin and RKK Energia, to propose the launch of a third Araks satellite as a stop-gap measure. The Russian government held to their original plan to launch the Persona satellite delaying the launch until 2007, then January 2008. At the time of the launch, the price tag had reached 5 billion rubles. Despite shipment to the launch site to meet an announced government milestone, the craft was still far from readiness and launch was delayed until the end of the July 2008. Reportedly a botched test in the Spring damaged components.[9]
After an additional delay for technical problems the satellite was launched on 26 July 2008. In February 2009, Rossiskaya Gazeta reported that the first Persona satellite had failed due to issues with onboard electronics. Other theories for the failures include an improperly chosen orbit that place the spacecraft too close to Earth's radiation belt or that imported, low-cost electronics led to a critical failure in aviation components. Consequently, the satellite became unable to transmit images.[9]
References
edit- ^ Clark, Stephen (26 July 2008). "Soyuz 2-1b rocket launches classified military payload". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
- ^ Шпион на связь не вышел (in Russian). Российская газета. 11 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
- ^ Graham, William (7 June 2013). "Russian spy satellite launched via Soyuz 2-1B". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ "'Persona' at Anatoly Zak's Russian Space Web". Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ Podvig, Pavel (23 June 2015). "Cosmos-2506 - new Persona reconnaissance satellite". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ ОПТИКО-ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЛИ (PDF) (in Russian). LOMO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
- ^ Разработки и производство ФПЗС и цифровых камер на их основе. // Интернет-журнал "ТелеФото Техника", 01.11.2008 (russian): "Тип ФПЗС ELCT1080v1U ... Размеры элемента, μм 9х9"
- ^ ФПЗС с временной задержкой и накоплением (in Russian). NPP-ELAR. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
- ^ a b "Personal Spy Satellite". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
