New England Highway is an 883-kilometre (549 mi) long[1] highway in Australia running from Yarraman, north of Toowoomba, Queensland, at its northern end to Hexham at Newcastle, New South Wales, at its southern end. It is part of Australia's National Highway system, and forms part of the inland route between Brisbane and Sydney.[3]
New England Highway –New South Wales | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Highway |
| Length | 880 km (547 mi)[1] |
| Gazetted | August 1928 (NSW, as Main Road 9)[2] |
| Route number(s) |
|
| Former route number |
|
| Major junctions | |
| North end |   D'Aguilar HighwayYarraman, Queensland |
| South end |   Pacific HighwayHexham, New South Wales |
| Location(s) | |
| Major settlements | Crows Nest, Toowoomba, Warwick, Tenterfield, Glen Innes, Armidale, Tamworth, Muswellbrook, Maitland |
| Highway system | |
State-controlled road in Queensland
editThe Queensland segment of the New England Highway is a state-controlled road, subdivided into three sections for administrative and funding purposes. One of the three sections (number 22C) is part of the National Highway, while sections 22A and 22B are strategic roads.[4][5] The sections are:
- 22A – Yarraman to Toowoomba
- 22B – Toowoomba to Warwick
- 22C – Warwick to Wallangarra
State-controlled roads that intersect with the highway are listed in the main article.
Route
editAt its northern end New England Highway connects to D'Aguilar Highway, and at its southern end it connects to Pacific Highway. It traverses the Darling Downs, New England, and Hunter Valley regions.
During the winter months, some parts of the New England Highway are subject to frost and snowfall,[6][7] with the 350 km section from the Moonbi Ranges to Stanthorpe located at high altitudes.
Traffic volume
editIn 2013–14, the New England and Cunningham Highways combined (known as the Sydney–Brisbane inland route) had an average annual daily traffic count of just over 13,000 vehicles, which is approximately half that seen on the coastal route (i.e., the Pacific Highway and Pacific Motorway).[3] Heavy vehicles account for approximately 13% of the traffic seen on the route.[3]
Speed cameras
editAs of November 2018, fixed speed cameras were located at Ben Lomond (between Ross Road and Ben Lomond Road), Blandford (between Hayles Street and Mills Street) and Tenterfield (between Duncan Street and George Street).[8] Average speed enforcement (point-to-point) cameras target heavy vehicles between Singleton and Muswellbrook.[9][10]
History
editNew England Highway has its origins in the track which developed north from Newcastle to reach the prime wool growing areas of the New England region which Europeans settled following expeditions by NSW Surveyor-General John Oxley in 1818 and botanist Allan Cunningham in 1827 and 1829.[citation needed] The rough track, navigable only by horse or bullock dray, crossed the Liverpool Range, went through Tamworth and ended at Tenterfield.[11] The track became known as the Great Northern Road.[12] During the 1860s, several robberies occurred along the road,[13][14] with infamous bushranger Captain Thunderbolt known to be active in the area.[15]
The passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924[16] through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for the declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (MRB). Great Northern Highway was declared (as Main Road No. 9) on 8 August 1928, replacing the Great Northern Road and running from North Sydney via Hornsby, Peat's Ferry, Gosford, Swansea, Newcastle, Maitland, Singleton, Tamworth, Armidale, Glen Innes, Tenterfield and Woodenbong to the border with Queensland;[2] with the passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929[17] to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, this was amended to State Highway 9 on 8 April 1929.
The section of Great Northern Highway between Sydney and Hexham was subsumed into Pacific Highway on 26 May 1931;[18] the southern end of Great Northern Highway was truncated at the intersection with Pacific Highway at Hexham as a result. The remaining portion from Hexham to Brisbane was later renamed New England Highway, through Queensland on 14 February 1933,[19] and a month later through New South Wales on 14 March 1933.[20][21] In 1936 the road was described by contemporary observers as being in good condition, with spectacular scenery and excellent accommodation en route.[22][23]
The Department of Main Roads, which had succeeded the New South Wales MRB in 1932, declared Main Road 374 on 16 March 1938, from the intersection with Tenterfield-Yetman Road (later Bruxner Highway) just north of Tenterfield to the state border with Queensland at Wallangarra;[24] this was replaced with the declaration of State Highway 24 along the same route on 11 January 1950.[25]
New England Highway was re-routed through Warwick along the route that was then known in Queensland as the Lockyer-Darling Downs Highway on 11 August 1954, with the new alignment of State Highway 9 subsuming State Highway 24 in New South Wales.[26][27] Against the wishes of the Beaudesert Shire Council and the Woodenbong Chamber of Commerce,[28] the former alignment of New England Highway through Beaudesert was renamed Mount Lindesay Highway,[26][27] and the New South Wales section was re-declared as State Highway 24[26] (this was eventually revoked on 23 December 1981 and re-declared as Main Road 622[29]).
In the 1970s, the Queensland Main Roads Department rerouted the designation of the New England Highway north of Warwick to follow the former Lockyer-Darling Downs Highway (national route 17) so that it terminated in Toowoomba.[citation needed] The section of the highway between Brisbane and Warwick was renamed as part of Cunningham Highway, which until that time had extended only westward from Warwick to Goondiwindi.[citation needed]
The passing of the Roads Act of 1993[30] through the Parliament of New South Wales updated road classifications and the way they could be declared within New South Wales. Under this act, New England Highway today retains its declaration as Highway 9, from Hexham to the state border with Queensland.[31]
New England Highway was signed National Route 15 from Warwick to Hexham in 1955. The Whitlam government introduced the federal National Roads Act 1974,[32] where roads declared as a National Highway were still the responsibility of the states for road construction and maintenance, but were fully compensated by the Federal government for money spent on approved projects.[32]: S7 As an important interstate link between the capitals of Queensland and New South Wales, New England Highway was declared a National Highway in 1974 and was consequently re-signed as National Highway 15. National Route 42 was extended north along New England Highway from Warwick to Toowoomba; State Route 85 was allocated sometime during the 1980s between Toowoomba and Hampton, and State Route 61 allocated sometime during the 1990s between Hampton and its northern terminus at Yarraman. National Highway 15 was later truncated at its southern end from Hexham to Beresfield in 1988, as the Mandalong–Freemans Waterhole stage of Sydney–Newcastle Freeway opened and National Highway 1 was rerouted via existing arterial routes to Beresfield, then along New England Highway to Hexham, before resuming its original route north along Pacific Highway.
With Queensland's conversion to the newer alphanumeric system in 2005, National Route 42 and State Route 61 were removed and replaced by route A3 between Yarraman and Warwick, now running concurrent with State Route 85 between Hampton and Toowoomba, and National Highway 15 was updated to route A15 between Warwick and the state border with New South Wales. New South Wales' conversion to the newer alphanumeric system occurred later in 2013, with National Highway 15 also updated to route A15 from the state border with Queensland to Hexham.[33] With Hunter Expressway opening a year later in 2014, route A15 was modified to route M15 and rerouted along it east of Branxton, and route A43 was extended westwards from Hexham along New England Highway to replace it, retaining a concurrency with route A1 between Beresfield and Hexham.
Highway improvements
editAs of July 2021, completed, current or proposed improvements on the New England Highway include:[34]
- Belford to the Golden Highway. Construction contract for this $97 million project awarded June 2021.
- Bolivia Hill
- Bridge barrier improvements to four bridges between Ravensworth and Liddell. Work commenced July 2021.
- Fitzgerald Bridge, Aberdeen replaced in 2014
- Maitland roundabout improvements. $4.9 million project nearing completion.
- Muswellbrook bypass. Community feedback on the preferred option is to be sought in 2021.
- New England Highway draft corridor strategy
- New England Highway and Wyndella Road intersection, Lochinvar
- Safety improvements Whittingham. Work commenced April 2021.
- Safety upgrade Willow Tree To Uralla. Work commenced at Kootingal January 2021.
- Scone bypass. See below.
- Singleton rail underpass. See below.
- Singleton bypass. In April 2021 community feedback was incorporated into this $700 million project.
- Tenterfield heavy vehicle bypass
Scone bypass
editThe Scone Bypass was opened in March 2020. In addition to bypassing the town centre, it also replaces the last railway level crossing on the New England Highway.[35]
Singleton rail underpass
editThe New England Highway upgrade and rail bridge replacement at Singleton (known as Gowrie Gates) was opened in July 2019. This upgrade is not part of the proposed Singleton bypass.[36]
Roads of Strategic Importance upgrades
editThe Roads of Strategic Importance initiative, last updated in March 2022, includes the following projects for the New England Highway in Queensland.
Road upgrades
editA project to upgrade the New England Highway at Cabarlah, at an estimated cost of $5 million, was in planning at March 2022.[37]
Emu Swamp Dam supporting infrastructure
editA project to develop supporting road infrastructure for the Emu Swamp Dam, adjacent to the New England Highway at Stanthorpe, at a cost of $6.3 million is planned to be completed by mid-2023.[38]
Other upgrades in Queensland
editIntersection upgrade
editA project to upgrade the intersection with the Cunningham Highway east of Warwick, at a cost of $25 million, was due for completion in August 2022.[39]
Improvement planning
editTwo projects to develop business cases for improvements to the highway south of Toowoomba, at a cost of $650,000, were to be completed by March 2022.[40]
Safety improvements
editA project to improve safety between Stanthorpe and Ballandean, at a cost of $19.4 million, was ongoing in July 2022.[41]
Turning lanes at Cabarlah
editA project to construct turning lanes at Cabarlah, at a cost of $600,000, was in the planning stage in July 2022.[42]
Upgrade planning Warwick to Stanthorpe
editA project to plan for upgrades between Warwick and Stanthorpe, at a coat of $450,000, was completed in October 2021.[43]
Pavement widening near Cooyar
editA project to deliver widened pavement near Cooyar, at a cost of $24.576 million, was to finish by July 2022.[44]
Former route allocations
editNew England Highway has had many former route allocations including former National Route 15. Where and when the former route numbers were implemented are stated below:
| Section | Formerly | Presently |
|---|---|---|
| Yarraman – Hampton |  State Route 61 1990s–2005
|
A3 2005–present
|
| Hampton – Toowoomba |  State Route 85 1980s–present A3 2005–present
| |
| Toowoomba – Warwick |  National Route 42 1974–2005
|
A3 2005–present
|
| Warwick – Queensland/ New South Wales border |
 National Route 15 1955–1974  National Highway 15 1974–2005
|
 A15 2005–present
|
| Queensland/New South Wales border – Branxton |
National Route 15 1955–1974 National Highway 15 1974–2013
|
A15 2013–present
|
| Branxton – Beresfield | National Route 15 1955–1974 National Highway 15 1974–2013 A15 2013–2014
|
A43 2014–present
|
| Beresfield – Hexham | National Route 15 1955–1974 National Highway 15 1974–1988  National Highway 1 1988–2013
|
A1 2013–present A43 2014–present
|
Major junctions
edit| State | LGA | Location | km[1] | mi | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Yarraman | 0 | 0.0 | D'Aguilar Highway (A3 north, A17 southeast) – Rockhampton, Nanango, Caboolture, Ipswich | Northern terminus of highway at T intersection, route A3 continues north along D'Aguilar Highway |
| Wutul | 33 | 21 |  Oakey–Cooyar Road (State Route 68) – Oakey | T intersection | ||
| Crows Nest Creek | 74 | 46 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | |||
| Toowoomba | Hampton | 86 | 53 | Esk–Hampton Road (State Route 85 east) – Esk | Four-way intersection; northern concurrency terminus with State Route 85 | |
| Harlaxton | 113 | 70 | Griffiths Street – Cranley, to   Warrego Highway (A2) – Dalby, Gatton, Ipswich | T intersection | ||
| Toowoomba | 118 | 73 |  Toowoomba Connection Road (A21 east) – Gatton, Ipswich | Four-way intersection; eastern concurrency terminus with route A21 | ||
| 119 | 74 | Toowoomba Connection Road (A21, State Route 85 west) – Dalby, Goondiwindi | Four-way intersection; western concurrency terminus with route A21 and State Route 85 | |||
| Cambooya | 133 | 83 | Drayton Connection Road – Drayton, Toowoomba | Y intersection | ||
| 137 | 85 |  Cambooya Connection Road (State Route 48) – Karara | T intersection | |||
| Clifton | 162 | 101 |  Gatton–Clifton Road (State Route 80) – Gatton | T intersection | ||
| Southern Downs | Glengallan | 188 | 117 | Cunningham Highway (A15 east) – Ipswich, Warwick | Northern concurrency terminus with route A15/National Route 42, New England/Cunningham Highways at directional T interchange Northern terminus of National Route 42, southern terminus of route A3 | |
| Condamine River | 199 | 124 | O.O. Madsen Bridge | |||
| Southern Downs | Warwick | 202 | 126 | Cunningham Highway (National Route 42 west) – Goondiwindi | Southern concurrency terminus with route A15/National Route 42, New England/Cunningham Highways at 4-way intersection National Route 42 continues west as Cunningham Highway | |
| Stanthorpe | 258 | 160 | High Street – Stanthorpe, to  Texas Road (State Route 89) – Texas | T intersection | ||
| State border | 299 | 186 | Queensland – New South Wales state border | |||
| New South Wales | Tenterfield | Tenterfield | 313 | 194 | Bruxner Way – Yetman, Boggabilla | |
| 318 | 198 |  Bruxner Highway (B60) – Casino, Lismore, Ballina | ||||
| Deepwater River | 370 | 230 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | |||
| Glen Innes Severn | Glen Innes | 409 | 254 |  Gwydir Highway (B76) – Inverell, Warialda, Moree, Grafton | Uncontrolled 4-way intersection | |
| Armidale | Armidale | 511 | 318 |  Waterfall Way (B78) – Ebor, Raleigh | Roundabout | |
| Bendemeer | 576 | 358 |  Oxley Highway (B56 east) – Walcha, Wauchope, Port Macquarie | Concurrency with route B56 | ||
| Tamworth | Tamworth | 616 | 383 | Oxley Highway (B56 west) – Gunnedah, Coonabarabran, to  Manilla Road (B95) – Manilla, Warialda | ||
| Peel River | 616 | 383 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | |||
| Liverpool Plains | Willow Tree | 687 | 427 |  Kamilaroi Highway (B51) – Gunnedah, Narrabri, Walgett, Bourke | Directional T interchange | |
| Pages River | 707 | 439 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | |||
| Pages River | 710 | 440 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | |||
| Pages River | 714 | 444 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | |||
| Hunter River | 759 | 472 | Fitzgerald[45] Bridge | |||
| Muswellbrook | Muswellbrook | 773 | 480 | Denman Road – Denman | T intersection | |
| Hunter River | 819 | 509 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | |||
| Singleton | Singleton | 820 | 510 | Campbell Street, to Putty Road – Putty, Windsor | Four-way intersection | |
| Whittingham | 831 | 516 |  Golden Highway (B84) – Denman, Merriwa, Dunedoo, Dubbo | T intersection | ||
| Belford | 839 | 521 |  Hunter Expressway (M15) – West Wallsend, Newcastle | Route transition: A15 west, M15 southeast along Hunter Expressway, unallocated east Incomplete access to/from New England Highway east | ||
| Branxton | 842 | 523 |  Clift Street, to Wine Country Drive (B82) – Rothbury, Pokolbin, Cessnock | T intersection | ||
| 844 | 524 | Wine Country Drive (A43 south), to Hunter Expressway (M15) – Singleton, Newcastle | Route transition: unallocated west, A43 east | |||
| Maitland | Maitland | 866 | 538 | Cessnock Road – Kurri Kurri, Cessnock | Roundabout | |
| Newcastle | Beresfield | 878 | 546 | John Renshaw Drive (A1) – Raymond Terrace, Taree, Coffs Harbour, Brisbane | Directional T interchange; no right turn westwards into John Renshaw Drive Western terminus of concurrency terminus with route A1 | |
| Hexham | 883 | 549 | Pacific Highway (A1 east, A43 south) – Newcastle, Raymond Terrace, Taree, Coffs Harbour, Brisbane | Southern terminus of highway, route A43 continues south along Pacific Highway Eastern terminus of concurrency terminus with route A1 | ||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
| ||||||
Cities and towns
editFrom its junction with Pacific Highway at Hexham, 12 km (7 mi) inland from Newcastle, New England Highway connects the following cities and towns:
New South Wales
editQueensland
editSee also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c "New England Highway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Main Roads Act, 1924-1927". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 110. National Library of Australia. 17 August 1928. pp. 3814–20. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^ a b c Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE) (2016). Traffic on the national road network, 2013–14, Information Sheet 80 (PDF). Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ The State Road Network of Queensland (PDF) (Map). Queensland Government ©State of Queensland [CC BY 4.0]. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Darling Downs district map" (PDF). Department of Transport and Main Roads ©State of Queensland [CC BY 4.0]. 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ "More Snow Pics: Because you can never have enough". The Armidale Express. 17 July 2015.
- ^ "Snow turns to ice closing highway". Guyra Argus. 9 August 2012.
- ^ "Current locations – New fixed digital speed camera location - November 2018". Transport for New South Wales. NSW Government. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ "Average speed enforcement camera locations". Transport for New South Wales. NSW Government. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ "Average Speed Enforcement for Heavy Vehicles: Factsheet" (PDF). Transport for New South Wales. NSW Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ Tenterfield District Historical Society (1949). Tenterfield. National Library of Australia. p. 31.
- ^ "New England Highway : History and Development". Ozroads. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2016.[self-published source]
- ^ "Daring mail robbery on the Great Northern Road". Newcastle Chronicle and Hunter River District News. National Library of Australia. 30 October 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
- ^ "Highway robberies on the Great Northern Road". Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser. National Library of Australia. 22 December 1863. p. 3. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
- ^ "Memories of Thunderbolt". Coffs Harbour Advocate. National Library of Australia. 10 May 1940. p. 2. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
- ^ State of New South Wales, An Act to provide for the better construction, maintenance, and financing of main roads; to provide for developmental roads; to constitute a Main Roads Board Archived 11 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine 10 November 1924
- ^ State of New South Wales, An Act to amend the Main Roads Act, 1924-1927; to confer certain further powers upon the MRB; to amend the Local Government Act, 1919, and certain other Acts; to validate certain payments and other matters; and for purposes connected therewith. Archived 12 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine 8 April 1929
- ^ "Main Roads Act, 1924-1929". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 65. National Library of Australia. 29 May 1931. p. 1875. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ "New England Highway". Kyogle Examiner. National Library of Australia. 14 February 1933. p. 2. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
- ^ "Main Roads Act, 1924-1931". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 47. National Library of Australia. 24 March 1933. p. 1093. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ "New England Highway". Uralla Times. National Library of Australia. 23 February 1933. p. 11. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
- ^ "Motoring along the New England Highway, part 1". Sydney Mail. National Library of Australia. 2 September 1936. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ "Motoring along the New England Highway, part 2". Sydney Mail. National Library of Australia. 9 September 1936. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ "Main Roads Act, 1924-1937". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 46. National Library of Australia. 25 March 1938. p. 1217. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ "Main Roads Act, 1924-1949". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 19. National Library of Australia. 27 January 1950. p. 234. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ a b c "Main Roads Act, 1924-1954". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 140. National Library of Australia. 3 September 1954. p. 2694. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ a b ""New England" Highway now via Warwick". Warwick Daily News. National Library of Australia. 9 November 1954. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ "New England Highway: Council against change of name". Beaudesert Times. National Library of Australia. 21 May 1954. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ "Main Roads Act, 1924". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 23. National Library of Australia. 12 February 1982. pp. 605–6. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ State of New South Wales, An Act to make provision with respect to the roads of New South Wales; to repeal the State Roads Act 1986, the Crown and Other Roads Act 1990 and certain other enactments; and for other purposes. Archived 11 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine 10 November 1924
- ^ Transport for NSW (August 2022). "Schedule of Classified Roads and Unclassified Regional Roads" (PDF). Government of New South Wales. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^ a b National Roads Act 1974 (Cth)
- ^ "Road number and name changes in NSW" (PDF). Roads & Maritime Services. Government of New South Wales. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ "New England Highway". Roads and Maritime Services. NSW Government. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ "New England Highway Bypass of Scone - completed". Transport for NSW. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "New England Highway upgrade and rail bridge replacement at Gowrie Gates". Transport for NSW. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "New England Highway upgrade, Cabarlah". Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications. 10 March 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Emu Swamp Dam supporting infrastructure, Stanthorpe". Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications. 8 April 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Cunningham Highway (Ipswich-Warwick), Eight Mile intersection upgrade". Queensland Government. 19 May 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ "New England Highway (Toowoomba-Warwick) business cases". Queensland Government. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "New England Highway (Warwick - Wallangarra), high risk roads, improve safety". Queensland Government. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "New England Highway (Yarraman - Toowoomba), Borneo Barracks (Cabarlah), construct turning lanes". Queensland Government. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "New England Highway upgrade planning—Warwick to Stanthorpe". Queensland Government. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "New England Highway—(Yarraman-Toowoomba), widen pavement". Queensland Government. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "Opening the bridge". Trove. 27 July 1893. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
External links
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