Narmeln (Russian: Нармельн, Polish: Polski), alternatively known as Polski,[1] is an abandoned village in Baltiysky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Vistula Spit, on the border with Poland, the westernmost point of Russia.
Narmeln
Нармельн | |
|---|---|
Abandoned village (abolished) | |
_mi%C4%99dzywojnie.jpg) View of Narmeln (before 1930) | |
Location of Narmeln  | |
  Narmeln Location of Narmeln  Narmeln Narmeln (Kaliningrad Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 54°28′01″N 19°40′06″E / 54.46694°N 19.66833°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kaliningrad Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Baltiysky District[1] |
| Coaching inn | 1489[1] |
| Abolished | 1945[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 0.6 km2 (0.2 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Estimate (1970)[1] | 0 |
Narmeln is distinct as it is one of the few places in Kaliningrad Oblast whose German name was not officially changed when the territory was annexed to the Soviet Union following World War II, and is also the only part of historic Gdańsk Pomerania to be annexed by the Soviet Union by the Potsdam Agreement. Narmeln was depopulated after the war, and the Soviet side of the Vistula Spit was made into an exclusion zone, which remains in effect today.
Geographical location
editNarmeln is located about 35 kilometres (22 miles) south-west of Baltiysk. The westernmost point of Russia is located on the Poland–Russia border nearby. (54°27′29.4″N 19°38′21″E / 54.458167°N 19.63917°E)
History
editCoaching inn and border station
editIn 1466, following the Thirteen Years' War, the longest of all Polish–Teutonic wars, the Teutonic Order renounced any claims to the area and recognized it as part of the Kingdom of Poland.[3] The southern part of the Vistula Spit had been given by King Casimir IV Jagiellon to the city of Danzig (Gdańsk). In 1489 the innkeeper Hans Voyte got the permission to open a coaching inn in a place called Ermelen. The settlement was a possession of the city of Gdańsk, located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship[4] in the province of Royal or Polish Prussia in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1525 it became a border station between the territories of Gdańsk in Poland and the Duchy of Prussia, a vassal duchy of Poland.
Narmeln was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1793, in the Second Partition of Poland. During the era of Napoleon Bonaparte the village was a border settlement of the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk) in the period extending from 1807 to 1814. In 1815 it was reannexed by Prussia, and became part of the province of West Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany.
In the interbellum, after the creation of the Free City of Danzig in accordance with the terms of the Versailles Treaty Narmeln was joined with the area around Elbing (Elbląg) to the German province of East Prussia.
World War II
edit
Following Germany's invasion of Poland at the start of World War II, the village was included in the newly formed province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, the bulk of which was German-occupied Polish Pomerania. In 1945 the spit was the last holdout of the remaining German soldiers in East and West Prussia. After the occupation of Tolkemit (Tolkmicko) on January 26, the German refugees fled over the ice of the Vistula Lagoon from Passarge (Nowa Pasłęka) to Narmeln. The village was eventually captured by the Red Army on April 30, 1945.
Post-war changes
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1905 | 242 | — |
| 1910 | 257 | +6.2% |
| 1920 | 274 | +6.6% |
| 1933 | 278 | +1.5% |
| 1939 | 294[5] | +5.8% |
After the war, the settlement passed to the Soviet Union and the German inhabitants were expelled[citation needed] in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. Narmeln was the only settlement of historic Gdańsk (Eastern) Pomerania, which had been transferred to the Soviets. Located almost on the border to Poland the village became a deserted place. Border crossings are not allowed on the spit, the Russian part is an exclusion zone.
Historical names
editErmelen (1489), Narmeln (after 1489), Narmeln, Polski (1660), Narmeln, Polski, Polsk (until 1945).
Nature
editNarmeln had been famous for the largest moving dune with a height between 26 and 45 meters on the Vistula spit. In 1926 a youth hostel had been opened.
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f Georg Mielcarczyk, Narmeln-Neukrug-Vöglers. Ein Kirchspiel auf der Frischen Nehrung, Bremerhaven, 1971. (in German)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 89.
- ^ Biskup, Marian; Tomczak, Andrzej (1955). Mapy województwa pomorskiego w drugiej połowie XVI w. (in Polish). Toruń. p. 129.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ westpreussen.de: Narmeln (in German)
Sources
edit- Josef Nikodemus Pawlowski, Populäre Geschichte und Beschreibung des Danziger Landkreises, Danzig, 1885. (in German)
- Georg Mielcarczyk, Narmeln-Neukrug-Vöglers. Ein Kirchspiel auf der Frischen Nehrung, Bremerhaven, 1971. (Ostdeutsche Landgemeinden und Kirchspiele, Band 7) (in German)
External links
edit- Der Landkreis Elbing: Narmeln (in German)