NEPOMUK (Networked Environment for Personal, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge) is an open-source software specification that is concerned with the development of a social semantic desktop that enriches and interconnects data from different desktop applications using semantic metadata stored as RDF. Between 2006 and 2008 it was funded by a European Union research project of the same name[2] that grouped together industrial and academic actors to develop various Semantic Desktop technologies.
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| Written in | C++, Java |
|---|---|
| Type | Semantic desktop |
| License | Various (BSD-style preferred)[1] |
| Website | |
Implementations
editThree active implementations of NEPOMUK exist: A C++/KDE-based variant, a Java-based variant, and a commercial version. More versions were created during the EU project between 2006 and 2008, some active beyond the project.[3]
KDE
editNEPOMUK-KDE was originally featured as one of the newer technologies in KDE Software Compilation 4.[4] It used Soprano as the main RDF data storage and parsing library, while handling ontology imports through the Raptor parser plugin and the Redland storage plugin; all RDF data was stored by Virtuoso which also handled full-text indexing.[5] On a technical level, NEPOMUK-KDE allowed associating metadata to various items present on a normal user's desktop such as files, bookmarks, e-mails, and calendar entries. Metadata could be arbitrary RDF. Tagging is the most user-visible metadata application.
As the KDE SC 4 series of releases progressed, it became apparent that NEPOMUK was not delivering the performance and user experience that had initially been anticipated. As a result of this, in KDE SC 4.13 a new indexing and semantic search technology Baloo was introduced, with a short transition period allowing applications to be ported and data to be migrated before the removal of NEPOMUK.[6][7] Baloo initially used SQLite but currently uses LMDB[8] for storage, and Xapian for searching.
Zeitgeist
editThe Zeitgeist framework, used by GNOME and Ubuntu's Unity user interface, uses the NEPOMUK ontology, as does the Tracker search engine.
Java
editThe Java-based implementation of NEPOMUK[9] was finished at the end of 2008 and served as a proof-of-concept environment for several novel semantic desktop techniques. It features its own frontend (PSEW) that integrates search, browsing, recommendation, and peer-to-peer functionality. The Java implementation uses the Sesame RDF store and the Aperture[10] framework for integrating with other desktop applications such as mail clients and browsers.
A number of artifacts have been created in the context of the Java research implementation:
- WikiModel[11]
Refinder by Gnowsis
editImplementation of the commercial Software as a service product Refinder[12] started in 2009 and a limited beta-version was released in December 2010.[13] Refinder was developed by Gnowsis, a spin-off company of the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) (project lead in the NEPOMUK EU project). The start-up was shut down in late 2013,[14] with no plans to make the implementation code available.
Refinder uses the same data formats as the other implementations, but using Software as a service instead of the desktop approach of the other implementations.
Data formats
edit- PIMO — the data format used for describing a Personal Information Model, describing Persons, Projects, Topics, Events, etc., also used in NEPOMUK-KDE.[15]
- NIE — the NEPOMUK Information Element Ontology (and the associated ontologies NFO etc.), describing resources on a desktop (files, mails, etc.)[16]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Nepomuk License". Archived from the original on 2009-04-29.
- ^ "European Commission : CORDIS : Projects & Results Service : Networked environment for personal ontology-based management of unified knowledge".
- ^ How Does Gnowsis Relate to NEPOMUK and Others? Archived 2012-02-17 at the Wayback Machine Blogpost dated 20.11.2010. Written by Leo Sauermann who contributed to the NEPOMUK project. 6 implementations of NEPOMUK are listed
- ^ "NEPOMUK-KDE project". Archived from the original on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ Trüg, Sebastian (22 September 2011). "About Strigi, Soprano, Virtuoso, CLucene, and Libstreamanalyzer".
- ^ "KDE's Next Generation Semantic Search". 24 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
- ^ "KDE Community Wiki - Baloo". Retrieved 2014-06-28.
- ^ "Baloo 5.15". Retrieved 2015-10-11.
- ^ Groza, Tudor. "Semantic Desktop[.]org". Archived from the original on 2007-12-01.
- ^ Fluit, Leo Sauermann, Christiaan. "Aperture Framework".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Welcome to the framework!".
- ^ "Home - Refinder".
- ^ Refinder: Das nächste Level des Hyperlinks Article in Futurezone by Jakob Steinschaden, 3.12.2010.
- ^ "We are shutting Refinder down - Refinder".
- ^ "Personal Information Model (PIMO)". Archived from the original on 2008-12-28.
- ^ NEPOMUK Information Element Ontology Archived 2008-12-30 at the Wayback Machine