This is a list of former European colonies.
The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were: United Kingdom (130), France (90), Portugal (52), Spain (44), Netherlands (29), Germany (20), Russia (17), Denmark (9), Sweden (8), Italy (7), Norway (6), Belgium (3), and Courland (2).
North America
editNorthern and Central America
editDenmark
edit
France
edit- New France
- Newfoundland
- Île-Royale (Cape Breton Island)
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
- Acadia
- Quebec
- Guadeloupe
Great Britain
edit- British America (New Britain)
- Canada
- Island of St. John
- Rupert's Land (A private estate stretching from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle.[1])
- Lower Canada
- Upper Canada
- Newfoundland Colony
- "Thirteen Colonies" (The United States of America)
- Other North American colonies
- Province of East Florida
- Province of West Florida
- Indian Reserve
- Middle Colonies
- Chesapeake Colonies
- Southern Colonies
- Oregon Country (disputed with France)
- Canada
- British Honduras
- Mosquito Coast
- Bay Islands
Iceland
editNetherlands
edit- New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
Norway
editPortugal
edit- Claim to Labrador
- Claim and settlement in Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
Russia
editScotland
editSpain
edit- México (1521)
- Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
- Las Californias
- Nuevo Reino de León
- Nuevo Santander
- Nueva Vizcaya
- Santa Fe de Nuevo México
- Nueva Extremadura
- Nueva Galicia
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
- Captaincy General of Guatemala
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- East Florida and West Florida
- Settlement at Nootka, near Vancouver Island, Canada
Sweden
editSweden-Norway
edit- Sverdrup Islands (Claimed) (1902–1905)
Caribbean
editBrandenburg
editCourland
editDenmark-Norway
editFrance
editKnights of Malta
edit- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Martin
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)
Netherlands
editPortugal
editScotland
edit- Caledonia (Gulf of Darién)
Spain
editSweden
editSweden-Norway
edit- Cooper Island
- Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)
United Kingdom
editSouth America
editPortugal
editSpain
edit- Kingdom of Tierra Firme (1498–1537)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)
- Governorate of Castilla de Oro (1514–1539)
- Governorate of New Castile (1529–1542)
- Governorate of New Toledo (1529–1542)
- Governorate of New León (1529–1539)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1534–1617)
- Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1824)
- New Kingdom of Granada (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
- Governorate of Terra Australis (1539–1555)
- Captaincy General of Chile (1541–1818)
- Real Audiencia of Lima (1542–1821)
- Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1559–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1563–1717) (1723–1739)
- Real Audiencia of Concepción (1565–1575)
- Governorate of Guayrá (1617–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires (1661–1671)
- Real Audiencia of Cuzco (1787–1825)
- Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1723) (1739–1810) (1815–1822)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1717–1723) (1739–1752)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1717–1723) (1739–1822)
- Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777–1824)
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)
- Governorate of Paraguay (1776–1782)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1776–1821)
- Upper Peru (1821–1825)
Netherlands
edit- Berbice (Guyana)
- Demerara
- Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview
- Surinam (Suriname)
- Essequibo
- New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)
Augsburg/Nuremberg
editFrance
edit- Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)
(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)
- Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
United Kingdom
editSweden-Norway
edit- Grytviken (1904–1905)
Africa
editBelgium
editBrandenburg
edit- Arguin (in Mauritania)
- Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Courland
editDenmark-Norway
edit- Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
France
edit- Albreda (in The Gambia)
- Comoros
- French Dahomey (Benin)
- French Algeria
- French Cameroon (91% of modern Cameroon)
- French Chad
- French Congo (Republic of the Congo)
- French Guinea (Guinea)
- French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
- French Somaliland (Djibouti)
- French Sudan (Mali)
- French Togoland (Togo)
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
- Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany
edit- German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
- German South-West Africa (Namibia)
- Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
- Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
- Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)
Hospitaller Malta
editItaly
editNetherlands
edit- Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
- Gorée (Senegal)
- Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
- São Tomé
- South Africa
- Mauritius
Portugal
edit- Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
- Portuguese Angola
- Annobón
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
- Ceuta
- Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
- Gorée (in Senegal)
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
- Nigeria (Lagos area)
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
- Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
Russia
editSpain
edit- Bona
- Bougie
- Jerba
- Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
- Oran
- Port Guinea
- Río Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
- Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
- Spanish West Africa
Sweden
edit- Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
United Kingdom
edit- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
- Basutoland (Lesotho)
- Balleland (Benin)
- Bechuanaland (Botswana)
- British East Africa (Kenya)
- British Somaliland (Somaliland)
- British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
- British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
- British Mauritius
- British Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast (Ghana)
- Colonial Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
- Nyasaland (Malawi)
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- Union of South Africa
- South West Africa (Namibia)
- Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- Swaziland (Eswatini)
- Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)
West Asia
editFrance
editNetherlands
edit- Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
- Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)
Portugal
editUnited Kingdom
editSouth Asia
editIndian Ocean Area
editFrance
editNetherlands
edit- Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)
Portugal
editAustria
editUnited Kingdom
editMainland
editDenmark-Norway
edit- Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
- Serampore
- Tranquebar
France
editNetherlands
editPortugal
editSweden
editUnited Kingdom
editAsia-Pacific
editAustria
editBelgium
edit- Tianjin (concession territory)
France
edit- East Asia
- Indochina
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with Britain)
Germany
editItaly
editNetherlands
edit- Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
- Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia)
- Malacca
- Dutch Formosa
- Dejima
Portugal
editSpain
editUnited Kingdom
edit- Australia
- British Solomon Islands
- British Western Pacific Territories
- Christmas Island
- Cocos Islands
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
- Hawaii (formerly Sandwich Islands)
- Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with France)
- New Zealand
- Niue
- Norfolk Island
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
- Solomon Islands
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Southeast Asia
- Brunei
- Bonin Islands (Japan)
- Singapore
- China
Antarctic
editFrance
edit- Adélie Land
- Amsterdam Island (New Amsterdam)
- Crozet Islands
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- Kerguelen Islands
- Saint Paul Island
Germany
editNorway
editSpain
edit- Governorate of Terra Australis (1539–1555)
United Kingdom
editEurope
editDenmark
editItaly
editSpain
editUnited Kingdom
edit- Corsica (the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom was a protectorate of Britain, now part of France)
- Cyprus
- Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
- Ireland
- Malta
- Menorca (now part of Spain)
- Heligoland (now part of Germany)
See also
edit- Austrian colonial policy
- Belgian colonial empire
- British colonial empire
- Danish colonial empire
- Dutch colonial empire
- French colonial empire
- German colonial empire
- List of former German colonies
- Italian colonial empire
- Portuguese colonial empire
- Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
- Russian colonial empire
- Spanish colonial empire
- Swedish colonial empire