Lindy Lee AO (born 1954) is an Australian painter and sculptor of Chinese heritage, whose work blends the cultures of Australia and her ancestral China and explores her Buddhist faith. She has exhibited widely, and is particularly known for her large works of public art, such as several iterations of The Life of Stars at various locations in China and on the forecourt of the Art Gallery of South Australia, and The Garden of Cloud and Stone in Sydney's Chinatown district.
Early life and education
editLee was born in 1954 in Brisbane, Queensland,[1] the daughter of Chinese immigrants who fled Guangdong province[2] in China with their two older children after the rise of communism in that country.[3] Her father arrived first, in 1949, and her mother and siblings, came afterwards, in 1953.[4] Lee's experiences with racism as a child in Australia coupled with her experience of feeling alienated when visiting China because of her inability to speak in the Chinese language contributed to her interest in melding the cultures in her work.[5]
She first qualified as a secondary school teacher at Kelvin Grove Teachers College in 1975. After encountering art galleries on a trip to Europe, she decided to pursue a career in art.[2] She attended the Chelsea School of Art in London,[5] after which she considered a career as an art teacher, but exposure to portraiture and contemporary art in London and elsewhere in Europe decided her to become a professional artist.[3] During her years at graduate school at the Sydney College of the Arts in Australia she made her first portrait utilising photocopiers, a technique which featured prominently in her early work.[1][5]
After decades as a practising artist, Lee attended the University of New South Wales, from which she achieved her PhD in Fine Art in 2001.[5]
Themes and practice
edit
Initially denying her Chinese heritage and identity, she decided to embrace it and explore it in her art, initially using photos from the family album and creating two-dimensional artworks.[4] Her later work blends the cultures of Australia and her ancestral China and explores her Buddhist faith.[6]
Lee's work began in 1983 with a strong interest in originality and reproductions, utilising photocopiers to reproduce famous portraits over which she painted original work[3] with acrylic paint after distorting the images. The resulting artworks raised questions about "originality and authenticity".[2] Eventually, she began adding portraits of family and others before moving into other art forms, including sculpture.[3] In 2008, during a residency in Kuala Lumpur, she began experimenting with first pierced paper, and then, with soldering irons and blow torches in a studio in Beijing, started burning holes in other materials, developing her distinctive "fire drawings".[4]
As she became more involved in Zen Buddhism, she began to incorporate elements of religion in her work, which often focuses heavily on the theme of suffering.[3][7] She also reflects Taoist themes, including the interconnectedness of the universe and of nature and humanity.[6]
Works
editLee's most prominent public works include several iterations of The Life of Stars at various locations in China and in Adelaide, South Australia, and The Garden of Cloud and Stone in Sydney's Chinatown district.[5][8]
The Life of Stars
editIn 2014, Lee was commissioned by Ting Hsin International Group in Shanghai to create a public art work, at which time she first started working with Urban Art Projects (UAP) in Brisbane, using bronze. After experimenting with a technique inspired by Buddhist spiritual practice which focused on oneness with nature, UAP collaborated with her to create the 6 m (20 ft) mirror polished stainless steel, egg-shaped sculpture, The Life of Stars for the commission. The numerous piercings in the steel were arranged in overlapping concentric circles, representing "earth, life, birth and renewal" that is found in Tao and Buddhist principles,[4] referring symbolically to the connectedness of the universe via a concept used in Mahayana Buddhism.[9]
Several more versions of The Life of Stars now exist: in Shanghai; at the Province Midtown Cultural Centre[10] in Zhengzhou (Life of Stars: Tenderness of Rain);[5] and Xi'an, in China; as well as at the entrance to the Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA) in Adelaide.[4] The latter 6-metre (20 ft) sculpture was mounted on the AGSA forecourt after being presented for the 2018 Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art: Divided Worlds,[9] its polished stainless steel surface reflecting its surroundings[11] while simultaneously radiating light. Over 30,000 holes were individually placed by Lee[12] resemble a map of our galaxy when lit from within. The sculpture was bought by the gallery as a farewell gift for departing director Nick Mitzevich in April 2018.[13]
NGA ouroboros
editIn September 2021 the National Gallery of Australia (NGA) under director Nick Mitzevich commissioned an immersive 4 m (13 ft) sculpture based on the ouroboros (an ancient symbol depicting a snake eating its own tail), to be placed near its main entrance of the gallery.[14] Scheduled to be finished in 2024, at 14 million dollars the sculpture is the most expensive commission to date.[15][16] Two art critics criticised the purchase in 2021: John McDonald of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that the money could have been better spent filling some significant gaps in its collection,[17] while Christopher Allen concurred, and thought that it merely "offer[s] a passive experience to audiences who are unwilling or unable to engage more actively with works of art".[18]
Other roles
editLee was a founding member of Gallery 4A (now the 4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art) in Sydney in 1996.[5]
She was a senior lecturer at the Sydney College of the Arts (a faculty of the University of Sydney) for more than two decades,[5] and has been a trustee at the Art Gallery of New South Wales.[19]
She has served on the boards of Artspace Visual Arts Centre and the Australian Centre for Photography, and was president of the Asian Australian Artists Association as well as deputy chair of the Visual Arts and Crafts Fund of the Australia Council.[5]
Recognition
editConsidered one of the foremost contemporary artists in the country, Lee has been commissioned to create several pieces of public art, such as Cloud Gate in Sydney's Chinatown district around 2013, consisting of cloud shapes made of brass inlaid into the footpath. Valued at approximately A$500,000, the artwork was mistakenly covered during construction of the Sydney Light Rail network in 2018, but was scheduled to be repaired.[20]
Lee is also widely known internationally, having exhibited in Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore.[5]
In 2018[10] Lee, in collaboration with art fabricators Urban Art Projects (UAP), won an international competition run by the New York State Department of Transportation to build a public artwork in the heart of New York's Chinatown, beating around 80 other entries. Her design, initially called "Drum Tower", is a cylindrical steel tower approximately 20 m (66 ft) high, based on the drum towers (guzou) found in villages and cities in China, marking the symbolic centre. They were used to mark nightfall and to summon the people for civic ceremonies and significant occasions, such as Chinese New Year.[4] Following some objections to the design, later named The Dragon's Roar, the future of the sculpture was to be decided after community consultation in September 2019.[21][22]
Tony Costa's oil painting of Lee won the Archibald Prize for portraiture in 2019. He said that he had been "attracted to her wisdom, humility, courage, humour and, above all, her deep focus regarding her art practice".[23]
Elizabeth Ann Macgregor, curator of the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia (MCA), commented in 2021:[24]
Lindy Lee's work is especially pertinent today, as society is challenged by the realisation of the extent of the climate crisis, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which separates rather than connects people, the rise of populist policies that foster racism, and the Black Lives Matter movement... Lee's work is essentially concerned with the direct and intimate connection between humans and the universe, as a consequence of her exploration of her own identity, living between two cultures and her study of Zen Buddhism.
Lee was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2024 Australia Day Honours for "distinguished service to contemporary visual arts as a sculptor and painter, and to arts administration through leadership roles".[25]
Exhibitions
editLee started exhibiting her work in the 1980s.[1] She has exhibited widely, with shows outside Australia in the United States, Germany, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore.[6]
In 1991, Lee was included in Frames of Reference: Aspects of Feminism and Art at Artspace. Her work, along with that of two other Asian Australian artists, was featured in the inaugural exhibition of Gallery 4A (now the 4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art) in 1997.[26]
In 2014, the University of Queensland Art Museum mounted a survey of her work to date.[27]
From 2 October 2020 until 28 February 2021, Lindy Lee: Moon in a Dew Drop, the largest ever solo exhibition of Lee's work, was mounted at the MCA in Sydney, curated by Elizabeth Ann Macgregor. The exhibition features more than 70 artworks, including a number of new works specially commissioned for the MCA.[24] The exhibition then went on tour, starting with a stint at the Western Plains Cultural Centre in Dubbo, New South Wales, from 22 May to 1 August 2021, to be followed by the Lismore Regional Gallery in Lismore (NSW); Artspace Mackay (Queensland); Devonport Regional Gallery (Tasmania); and the John Curtin Gallery (Perth, WA),[10] finishing on 24 July 2022.[28]
Personal life
editLee was married to photographer Robert Scott-Mitchell (1954-2021), whose portrait of her won the National Photographic Portrait Prize in 2007. They lived in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales from 2014 until his death from cancer in June 2021.[29]
Lee has long been a practising Buddhist, which infuses both her life and her work.[30]
References
edit- ^ a b c Kent, Rachel. "Lindy Lee". Museum of Contemporary Art Australia. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ a b c "Lindy Lee". National Gallery of Australia. Know My Name. 14 November 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2021. Includes Lindy Lee by Anne O'Hehir, excerpted from Know My Name (2020).
- ^ a b c d e Richard Glover (13 March 2019). "Contemporary artist Lindy Lee". ABC Radio Sydney. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Young, Michael (28 August 2019). "Lindy Lee's Drum Tower in New York". Asian Art Newspaper. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "About". Lindy Lee. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ a b c Gan, Natasha (4 November 2017). "The Life of Stars at ART021 Shanghai". Indonesia Design. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ "The alarming beauty of suffering". Art Guide Australia. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ "Tenderness of Rain". Sullivan+Strumpf. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Lindy Lee: The Life of Stars". Art Gallery of South Australia. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ a b c "Major contemporary art exhibition to visit Dubbo". Dubbo Regional Council. 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ "The Life of Stars". Art Gallery of South Australia. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ Stranger, Lucy (26 September 2017). "Lindy Lee". Artist Profile. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ McDonald, Patrick (27 April 2018). "Stellar farewell for gallery director". Adelaide Now. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Lindy Lee: Ouroboros". National Gallery of Australia. 23 September 2021.
- ^ Convery, Stephanie (23 September 2021). "National Gallery of Australia orders $14m Ouroboros sculpture – its most expensive commission so far". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ Daniel Browning. "Public art, toppled monuments and the statue in the crate" (Audio + text). ABC Radio National (Interview). The Art Show. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ John McDonald (23 September 2021). "Is the National Gallery of Australia's new sculpture worth the $14m price tag?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- ^ Christopher Allen (24 September 2021). "Stupid NGA money reflects poor leadership". The Australian. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- ^ Stephens, Andrew (8 June 2012). "Through familiar eyes". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ Brown, Michelle (1 November 2018). "$500,000 artwork becomes bitumen after Sydney light rail bungle". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ Smithson, Aaron (5 August 2019). "Proposed Chinatown sculpture stirs controversy in New York". The Architect's Newspaper. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ Glassman, Carl (21 July 2019). "Design for a New 'Gateway' Chinatown Tower Is Blasted by CB1 Committee". The Tribeca Trib. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ "Archibald Prize Archibald 2019 finalist: Lindy Lee by Tony Costa". Art Gallery of NSW. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Largest solo exhibition of Lindy Lee's works opens at MCA Australia". Museum of Contemporary Art Australia. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ "Dr Lindy Lee". Australian Honours Search Facility. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ Tai, Mikala (26 October 2020). "Defining Moments: Founding of Gallery 4A" (Podcast + text). Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (Lecture). Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ The University of Queensland Art Museum (16 September 2014). "UQ Art Museum showcases 30 years of Lindy Lee". UQ News. University of Queensland. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ "Lindy Lee: Moon in a Dew Drop". MCA Australia. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ "Rob Scott-Mitchell". Lone Goat Gallery. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
- ^ "Lindy Lee". MCA Australia. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
