The Laventan (Spanish: Laventense) age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age.[1][2]

Etymology

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The age is named after the Miocene Lagerstätte La Venta, where a rich biodiversity from the Middle Miocene has been recovered from the Honda Group.[2]

Formations

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Formation
bold is type
Country Basin Notes
Honda Group   Colombia Upper Magdalena Valley
Honda Group   Bolivia Quebrada Honda Basin
Aisol Formation   Argentina San Rafael Block
Bahía Inglesa Formation   Chile Caldera Basin
Capadare Formation   Venezuela Falcón Basin
Choquecota Formation   Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Cura-Mallín Group   Chile Cura-Mallín Basin
Ipururo Formation   Peru Ucayali Basin
Paraná Formation   Argentina Paraná Basin
Pebas Formation   Brazil
  Colombia
  Ecuador
  Peru
Amazon Basin
Pisco Formation   Peru Pisco Basin
Santa Inés Formation   Venezuela Eastern Venezuela Basin
Sincelejo Formation   Colombia Sinú-San Jacinto Basin
Socorro Formation   Venezuela Falcón Basin
Urumaco Formation   Venezuela Falcón Basin

Fossil content

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Group Fossils Formation Notes
Mammals lesser bulldog bat (Noctilio albiventris), LaVal's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera lavali), Spix's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor), Acarechimys minutissimus, Anachlysictis gracilis, Anadasypus hondanus, Aotus dindensis, Boreostemma acostae, B. gigantea, Brievabradys laventensis, Cebupithecia sarmientoi, Dukecynus magnus, Eodolichotis elachys, E. maddeni, Glossotheriopsis pascuali, Granastrapotherium snorki, Hilarcotherium castanedaii, Hondadelphys fieldsi, Hondathentes cazador, Huilabradys magdaleniensis, Huilatherium pluriplicatum, Kiotomops lopezi, Lagonimico conclucatus, Lycopsis longirostrus, Megadolodus molariformis, Micodon kiotensis, Micoureus laventicus, Microscleromys cribiphilus, M. paradoxalis, Microsteiromys jacobsi, Miocallicebus villaviejai, Miocochilius anomopodus, Mohanamico hershkovitzi, Mormopterus colombiensis, Nanoastegotherium prostatum, Neoglyptatelus originalis, Neonematherium flabellatum, Neoreomys huilensis, Neotamandua borealis, Notonycteris magdalenensis, N. sucharadeus, Nuciruptor rubricae, Pachybiotherium minor, Palynephyllum antimaster, Patasola magdalenae, Pedrolypeutes praecursor, Pericotoxodon platignathus, Pithiculites chenche, Potamops mascahehenes, Potamosiren magdalenensis, Prodolichotis guerreroi, P. pridiana, Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis, Prothoatherium colombianus, Pseudoprepotherium confusum, Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana, R. vucetichae, Ricardomys longidens, Saimiri annectens, S. fieldsi, Scleromys colombianus, S. schurmanni, Scirrotherium hondaensis, Stirtonia tatacoensis, S. victoriae, Thylamys colombianus, Thylamys minutus, Thyroptera robusta, Villarroelia totoyoi, Xenastrapotherium kraglievichi, Cochilius sp., Diclidurus sp., Eumops sp., Hapalops sp., Olenopsis sp., Theosodon sp., ?Steiromys sp., Dolichotinae sp., ?Echimyidae sp., Megalonychidae sp., Megatheriinae sp., Nothrotheriinae sp., Dasypodidae sp., Leontiniidae sp., Proterotheriidae indet., Toxodontidae sp. Honda
Group
Colombia
Acyon myctoderos, Australogale leptognathus, Chimeralestes ambiguus, Guiomys unica, Hapalops angustipalatus, Hemihegetotherium trilobus, Hiskatherium saintandrei, Hondalagus altiplanensis, Lakukullus anatisrostratus, Mesoprocta hypsodus, Miocochilius federicoi, Palaeothentes relictus, P. serratus, Propalaehoplophorus andinus, Quebradahondomys potosiensis, Acarechimys sp., cf. Paratrigodon sp., Prolagostomus sp., cf. Prozaedyus sp., Lagostominae indet., Mesotheriinae indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Caenolestidae indet., Capromyidae indet., Caviidae indet., Chinchillidae indet., Echimyidae indet., Euphractinae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Octodontidae indet., Proterotheriidae indet., ? Xenastrapotherium indet. Honda
Group
Bolivia
Nesodon taweretus, cf. Astrapotherium sp., cf. Theosodon sp., Lomaphorini indet., Mylodontinae indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Toxodontidae indet. Aisol
Microtypotherium choquecotense, Prozaedyus sp., Chinchillidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Hegetotheriidae indet. Choquecota
Heteropsomyinae (aff. Acarechimys) sp., Dasyproctidae (aff. Alloiomys) sp., Prolagostomus sp., Caviomorpha indet., Dasypodidae indet., Typotheria indet. Cura-Mallín
Drytomomys cf. aequatorialis, Granastrapotherium cf. snorki, Miocochilius anomopodus, Neoglyptatelus originalis, Parapropalaehoplophorus septentrionalis, Pericotoxodon cf. platignathus, Potamarchus murinus, cf. Theosodon sp., Acarechimys sp., Boreostemma sp., Megathericulus sp., cf. Tetramerorhinus sp., Urumacotherium sp., Xenastrapotherium sp., Borhyaenoidea indet., Delphinida indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Megalonychidae indet., Mylodontidae indet., Octodontoidea indet., Potamarchinae indet., Uruguaytheriinae indet. Ipururo
Pontistes rectifrons, Prionodelphis rovereti, Properiptychus argentinus, Protautoga longidens, cf. Balaenoptera sp., Chrysophrys sp., Dioplotherium sp., Balaenidae indet., Physeteridae indet., Sciaenidae indet., ?Sparidae indet. Paraná
Dinomyidae indet., ? Octodontoidea indet. Pebas
Boreostemma venezolensis Santa Inés
Neoglyptatelus sincelejanus Sincelejo
Mirandabradys socorrensis, Megatheriidae indet. Socorro
cf. Olenopsis sp., Mylodontidae indet. Urumaco
Birds Aramus paludigrus, Galbula hylochoreutes, Hoazinoides magdalenae Honda
Group
Colombia
Psilopteridae indet. Aisol
Pygoscelis calderensis, Spheniscus megaramphus, S. urbinai, Pelagornis sp., aff. Thalassarche sp. Bahía
Inglesa
Pelagornis cf. chilensis Capadare
Reptiles &
amphibians
cane toad (Bufo marinus), Chelus colombiana, Chelonoidis hesterna, Colombophis portai, Dracaena colombiana, ?Eunectes stirtoni, Podocnemis medemi, Gryposuchus colombianus, Langstonia huilensis, Purussaurus neivensis, Balanerodus logimus, Charactosuchus fieldsi, Mourasuchus atopus, Eocaiman sp., Gavialis sp., Sebecus sp., Alligatoridae indet. Honda
Group
Colombia
Crocodylia sp. Aisol
Bairdemys thalassica Capadare
Barinasuchus arveloi Ipururo
Caiman wannlangstoni, Gnatusuchus pebasensis, Gryposuchus pachakamue, Purussaurus neivensis, Kuttanacaiman iquitosensis, Mourasuchus atopus, Paleosuchus sp., Podocnemis sp., Gavialoidea indet. Pebas
Colombophis spinosus, Ikanogavialis gameroi, Caiman sp., Mourasuchus sp., Purussaurus sp., Thecachampsa sp., Alethinophidia indet., Boinae indet. Socorro
Globidentosuchus cf. brachyrostris, Caiman sp., Mourasuchus sp., Purussaurus sp. Urumaco
Fishes &
crustaceans
Colossoma macropomum, Lepidosiren paradoxa, cf. Acanthicus, Arapaima sp., Brachyplatystoma cf. B. vaillanti, Brachyplatystoma promagdalena, Sylviocarcinus piriformis, cf. Corydoras sp., Hoplias sp., cf. Hoplosternum sp., Hydrolycus sp., Phractocephalus hemioliopterus, Serrasalmus sp., Pygocentrus sp., or Pristobrycon sp. (cf. Myletes sp.), Ariidae indet., Characidae cf. Tetragonopterinae, Cichlidae indet., Doradidae indet., Loricariidae indet., Potamotrygonidae indet. Honda
Group
Colombia
Megalodon, Carcharias acutissima, Carcharodon hastalis, Galeocerdo aduncus, Hemipristis serra, Carcharhinus sp., Heterodontus sp., Squalus sp., Squatina sp., Dasyatidae indet., Myliobatoidea indet., Potamotrygonidae indet. Paraná
cf. Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp., Potamotrygon sp., Pristis sp., Anostomidae indet. Pebas
Megalodon, Aetobatus arcuatus, Hemipristis serra, Mugil cephalus, Carcharhinus sp., Citharichthys sp., Galeocerdo sp., Rhinoptera sp., Sphyrna sp., Symphurus sp. Socorro
Insects Macroteleia yaguarum, Sycorax peruensis Pebas
Flora Astroniumxylon parabalansae, Piptadenioxylon paraexcelsa, Solanumxylon paranensis Paraná

Correlations

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The Laventan (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) correlates with:

Laventan correlations in South America
Formation Honda Honda Aisol Cura-Mallín Pisco Ipururo Pebas Capadare Urumaco Inés Paraná Map
Basin VSM Honda San Rafael Caldera Pisco Ucayali Amazon Falcón Venezuela Paraná
Laventan (South America)
Country   Colombia   Bolivia   Argentina   Chile   Peru   Venezuela   Argentina
Boreostemma      
Hapalops      
Miocochilius      
Theosodon      
Xenastrapotherium      
Mylodontidae        
Sparassodonta    
Primates  
Rodents              
Birds      
Terror birds  
Reptiles              
megalodon      
Flora  
Insects  
Environments Fluvial Fluvio-deltaic Fluvio-lacustrine Fluvio-deltaic Fluvial
  Laventan volcanoclastics

  Laventan fauna

  Laventan flora
Volcanic Yes

References

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  1. ^ "Laventan". The Paleobiology Database. Archived from the original on 2012-10-12.
  2. ^ a b Madden et al. 1997
  3. ^ Villarroel A. et al. 1996, p. 54
  4. ^ Marshall & Sempere 1991, p. 635
  5. ^ Forasiepi et al. 2011, p. 149
  6. ^ Le Roux et al. 2016, p. 46
  7. ^ Penín Cendón & Villarroel Estaba 2005, p. 138
  8. ^ Marshall & Sempere 1991, p. 636
  9. ^ Utgé et al. 2009[page needed]
  10. ^ a b Antoine et al. 2016, p. 56
  11. ^ Martín Pérez 2013, p. 51
  12. ^ Wesselingh et al. 2006, p. 304
  13. ^ Brand et al. 2011[page needed]
  14. ^ Simpson 1947, p. 2
  15. ^ a b Villarroel & Clavijo 2005, p. 348[failed verification]
  16. ^ Linares 2004, p. 5
  17. ^ Linares 2004, p. 16
  18. ^ Croft, 2007, p.299
  19. ^ Croft, 2007, p.300
  20. ^ Croft, 2007, p.301
  21. ^ Croft, 2007, p.302
  22. ^ Croft, 2007, p.303
  23. ^ Meldrum & Kay, 1997
  24. ^ Organ & Lemelin, 2011
  25. ^ Rosenberger et al., 1991
  26. ^ Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1988
  27. ^ Setoguchi, 1985
  28. ^ Takai et al., 2001
  29. ^ Tejedor, 2013, p.22
  30. ^ Defler, 2004, p.32
  31. ^ Cebupithecia sarmientoi at Fossilworks.org
  32. ^ Miocallicebus villaviejai at Fossilworks.org
  33. ^ Neosaimiri annectens at Fossilworks.org
  34. ^ Stirtonia tatacoensis at Fossilworks.org
  35. ^ Stirtonia victoriae at Fossilworks.org
  36. ^ Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015
  37. ^ Pardo Jaramillo, 2010
  38. ^ Granastrapotherium snorki, Sebecus sp. at Fossilworks.org
  39. ^ Villarroel, 2000, p.118
  40. ^ Kay & Madden, 1997, p.171
  41. ^ Neonematherium flabellatum at Fossilworks.org
  42. ^ Brievabradys laventensis at Fossilworks.org
  43. ^ Huilabradys magdaleniensis at Fossilworks.org
  44. ^ Czaplewski et al., 2003, p.278
  45. ^ Neotamandua borealis at Fossilworks.org
  46. ^ Pseudoprepotherium confusum at Fossilworks.org
  47. ^ Anadasypus hondanus at Fossilworks.org
  48. ^ Boreostemma acostae at Fossilworks.org
  49. ^ Boreostemma gigantea at Fossilworks.org
  50. ^ Neoglyptatelus originalis at Fossilworks.org
  51. ^ Pedrolypeutes praecursor at Fossilworks.org
  52. ^ Scirrotherium hondaensis at Fossilworks.org
  53. ^ Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis at Fossilworks.org
  54. ^ Prothoatherium colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  55. ^ Duke Locality 33 at Fossilworks.org
  56. ^ Villarroelia totoyoi at Fossilworks.org
  57. ^ Villarroel, 1997
  58. ^ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.63
  59. ^ Hoffstetter, 1971, p.40
  60. ^ Suárez et al., 2015
  61. ^ Marshall, 1976
  62. ^ Hondadelphys fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
  63. ^ Pachybiotherium minor at Fossilworks.org
  64. ^ Thylamys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  65. ^ Thylamys minutus at Fossilworks.org
  66. ^ Hondathentes cazador at Fossilworks.org
  67. ^ Pithiculites chenche at Fossilworks.org
  68. ^ Neoreomys huilensis at Fossilworks.org
  69. ^ Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana at Fossilworks.org
  70. ^ Scleromys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  71. ^ Scleromys schurmanni at Fossilworks.org
  72. ^ Prodolichotis guerreroi at Fossilworks.org
  73. ^ UCMP V4936 at Fossilworks.org
  74. ^ Eodolichotis elachys at Fossilworks.org
  75. ^ Eodolichotis maddeni at Fossilworks.org
  76. ^ Rhodanodolichotis vucetichae at Fossilworks.org
  77. ^ Takai et al., 1991
  78. ^ Kiotomops lopezi at Fossilworks.org
  79. ^ Potamops mascahehenes at Fossilworks.org
  80. ^ Thyroptera robusta at Fossilworks.org
  81. ^ Engelman et al., 2016
  82. ^ Pujos et al., 2014
  83. ^ Hondalagus at Fossilworks.org
  84. ^ Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
  85. ^ Engelman et al., 2018
  86. ^ Forasiepi et al., 2015
  87. ^ a b c Cerro Aisol at Fossilworks.org
  88. ^ Choquecota at Fossilworks.org
  89. ^ Cerro los Pinos at Fossilworks.org
  90. ^ a b IN-DTC-20 at Fossilworks.org
  91. ^ IN-DTC-28 at Fossilworks.org
  92. ^ IN-DTC-32 at Fossilworks.org
  93. ^ Río Sepa at Fossilworks.org
  94. ^ SEP 005 at Fossilworks.org
  95. ^ IN 008 at Fossilworks.org
  96. ^ a b Pueblo Brugo to Diamante at Fossilworks.org
  97. ^ a b c CTA-45 at Fossilworks.org
  98. ^ Banks of the Rio Guere at Fossilworks.org
  99. ^ Calle Fria-Segovia at Fossilworks.org
  100. ^ a b South East of 'Cerro los Chivatos' at Fossilworks.org
  101. ^ Mirandabradys Urumaco 01 at Fossilworks.org
  102. ^ Biozona 1 Loc 44-FU at Fossilworks.org
  103. ^ Rasmussen, 1997
  104. ^ Miller, 1953
  105. ^ Los Dedos at Fossilworks.org
  106. ^ Zumbador Cave at Fossilworks.org
  107. ^ Estes & Wassersug, 1963
  108. ^ Gryposuchus colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  109. ^ Sebecus huiensis at Fossilworks.org
  110. ^ Dracaena colombiana at Fossilworks.org
  111. ^ Purussaurus neivensis at Fossilworks.org
  112. ^ Charactosuchus fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
  113. ^ Mourasuchus atopus at Fossilworks.org
  114. ^ UCMP Locality V4524 at Fossilworks.org
  115. ^ Balanerodus logimus at Fossilworks.org
  116. ^ Eocaiman at Fossilworks.org
  117. ^ Cadena et al., 2008, p.1206
  118. ^ De la Fuente et al., 2013, p.102
  119. ^ Geochelone hesterna at Fossilworks.org
  120. ^ Hsiou et al., 2010
  121. ^ (in Spanish) Fauna de La Venta - serpientes
  122. ^ Ferreira et al., 2015
  123. ^ Salas Gismondi et al., 2015
  124. ^ IQ114 at Fossilworks.org
  125. ^ Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
  126. ^ East of Capirote, road to Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
  127. ^ Sur Quebrada Bejucal at Fossilworks.org
  128. ^ (in Spanish) Fauna de La Venta - flora, cangrejos y peces
  129. ^ Kay & Madden, 1997, p.185
  130. ^ Lundberg & Chernoff, 1992, p.5
  131. ^ Brachyplatystoma promagdalena at Fossilworks.org
  132. ^ Socorro at Fossilworks.org
  133. ^ Amazonian amber at Fossilworks.org
  134. ^ Toma Vieja at Fossilworks.org
  135. ^ Barstovian at Fossilworks.org
  136. ^ Clarendonian at Fossilworks.org
  137. ^ Astaracian at Fossilworks.org
  138. ^ Central Paratethys Stages at Fossilworks.org
  139. ^ Badenian at Fossilworks.org
  140. ^ [1] Sarmatian] at Fossilworks.org
  141. ^ Southland epoch at Fossilworks.org
  142. ^ Lillburnian at Fossilworks.org
  143. ^ Waiauan at Fossilworks.org
  144. ^ Tunggurian at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography

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Laventan
Honda Group, Colombia
Honda Group, Bolivia
Aisol Formation
Bahía Inglesa Formation
Capadare Formation
Choquecota and Mauri Formations
Cura-Mallín Group
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation
Ipururo and Pebas Formations
Paraná Formation
Pisco Formation
Santa Inés Formation
Sincelejo Formation
Socorro and Urumaco Formations

Further reading

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