The William V. Kelley-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition was a zoological expedition to Southeast Asia in 1928–1929 sponsored by the Field Museum of Natural History and organized by Kermit Roosevelt and his brother Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
Funding and organization
editWilliam Vallangdiham Kelley (1861–1932), a Field Museum trustee and benefactor,[1][2] financed the expedition, which was extremely well equipped. There were three separate sections of the expedition — one led by the two Roosevelt brothers,[3] another conducted by the British ornithologist Herbert Stevens,[4] and another led by H. J. Coolidge.[5] The mammalogist W. H. Osgood described the expedition's collection of mammalian skins and designated the Roosevelt brothers' section as the first, Stevens's as the second, and Coolidge's as the third. The first section consisted of the two Roosevelt brothers with the naturalist C. Suydam Cutting[6] and their Chinese interpreter Jack T.Young.[3]
Itinerary
editStevens accompanied the Roosevelts up the Irrawaddy to the Chinese-Burma border and then in January 1929 went north from Tengyueh with his own caravan. During all of February he collected specimens at the Lijiang bend.[7] He then moved north to collect in Sichuan and spent May in the Wushi hills. After some further collecting he went down the Yangtze to Shanghai, sending 2,400 specimens to the Field Museum.[8] After separating from Stevens's section of the expedition, the Roosevelt brothers with Suydam Cutting went rapidly north to collect specimens of the giant panda. The Roosevelts hunted large mammals that were especially rare. Their party proceeded through Burma to Bhamo and northward to Tatsienlu thence to Mouping. Then going southward through Yachow, they crossed the Qingyi (Tung[9]) River and continued their journey traveling slightly east of the Panlong River and reaching the railhead at Yunnanfu. From there, Kermit Roosevelt returned to the United States upon an urgent request. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. and Suydam Cutting continued to the vicinity of Saigon to procure specimens of banteng, seladang, and water buffalo.[3]
The third section of the expedition devoted itself to concentrated work in northern Indo-China, mainly in the province of Tonkin. Under the leadership of Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., a party of four was organized in which Russell W. Hendee was the mammalogist, Josselyn Van Tyne ornithologist, and Ralph E. Wheeler physician and parasitologist. After a brief stop in Annam, where collections were made near Quangtri, this party proceeded to Haiphong and Hanoi and thence up the valley of the Rivière Noire. They passed on into Northern Laos and worked there from a base at Phong Saly, finally descending the Mekong River with a short stop at Vientiane to Savannaket and thence overland to Hue.[3]
Hendee departed from Coolidge's party in Laos on 14 May 1929 and started down the Mekong to join Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. and Suydam Cutting in Saigon but shortly after his departure he suffered a severe attack of malarial fever. Taken to a hospital in Vientiane on June 3, Hendee died on June 6.[3][10]
Discoveries and collections
editCoolidge's section of the expedition discovered a new mammalian species Roosevelt's muntjac[3] and a new avian species Macronus kelleyi.[5]
The expedition brought back several living specimens for the U.S. National Zoological Park:
Through Theodore Roosevelt, jr., Harold S. Coolidge, jr., and Ralph Wheeler, all of the Kelley-Roosevelt expedition, were presented a trio of white-faced gibbons, father, mother, and child, all magnificent specimens; a rare Bay Bamboo rat; a sun bear; a Himalayan bear; as well as several smaller specimens.[11]
The expedition collected approximately 5000 bird skins.
A collection of more than 5000 specimens were gathered by the Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition of the Field Museum, in unexplored regions of Siam, French Indo-China, and the interior of Southern China. The work in China was carried on by Theodore Roosevelt '08, and his brother, Kermit Roosevelt '12, and by Suydam Cutting '12. The Indo-China Expedition, led by H. J. Coolidge Jr. '27, included Dr. Ralph E. Wheeler '22, M.D. '26 and Dr. Josselyn Van Tyne '25. These six out of the eight members of the expedition were Harvard men. ... The birds were collected mostly by shooting and by use of ingenious native traps set in the forest at night. The skins were all prepared in the field and many of them transported over a thousand miles down rivers, along mountain trails, in the rainy season, before they could be shipped home. They arrived in perfect condition.[12]
This collection resulted in the identification of five new species of birds.[13] The expedition collected about 2,000 specimens of small mammals and 40 big mammals, including two giant panda skins (a first for Western museum collectors). The Roosevelt brothers shot and collected one panda and purchased a panda skin from a local hunter. The taxidermic panda specimens are on display in the Hall of Asian Mammals in the Field Museum.[14]
Recounting the expedition
editThe lure of exploration through one of the few remaining corners of the world which Is little known, the Chinese-Tibetan frontier, brought 3,000 persons to the Field museum yesterday to hear Kermit Roosevelt. Actually only half of that number heard his lecture, a line of more than 1,500 being turned away when the auditorium was filled to capacity. Slides and motion pictures showed how the William V. Kelley-Roosevelt party abandoned their pack and ridIng animals and went on foot over mountain passes as high as 17,100 feet[15] in what they thought would be a futile effort to kill a giant panda. Mr. Roosevelt and his brother, Col. Theodore Roosevelt, finally shot one of the animals, which will be placed on exhibit in the museum here. The natives of the nearby village In Lololand[citation needed], between Tibet and China, held purification rites after the party had shot their prize and taken it through the village. The panda is considered a semi-divinity, and never killed by the natives.[16]
Kermit and Ted Roosevelt recounted their experiences in their book Trailing the Giant Panda.[17][18][19] Part of Suydam Cutting's 1940 book The Fire Ox and Other Years deals with the Kelley-Roosevelts expedition.
References
edit- ^ Goodspeed, Arthur Weston; Healy, Daniel David, eds. (1909). "William Vallangdiham Kelley". History of Cook County, Illinois. Vol. I. pp. 690–691.
- ^ "Museum given $50,000 in will of W. V. Kelley". Chicago Tribune. 28 January 1932.
- ^ a b c d e f Young, Jack T. (1929-06-29). "Hunting the Giant Panda with the Roosevelts in Central Asia". The China Weekly Review. 49 (5): 195–208 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Bangs, Outram (1931). "Birds of western China obtained by the Kelley-Roosevelts expedition". Fieldiana Zoology. 18 (11).
- ^ a b Bangs, Outram (1931). "Birds of the Kelley-Roosevelts expedition to French-Indo-china". Fieldiana Zoology. 18 (3).
- ^ Charles Suydam Cutting (1889–1972), Smithsonian Institution Archives
- ^ Lijiang Stone Drum and First Bend of Yangtze River, Yunnan
- ^ Stevens. Herbert (fl. 1925-1932), Herbarium, Natural History Museum (British Museum)
- ^ Little, Archibald John (1906). Across Yunnan & Tonking. p. 1.
- ^ Bailey, Afred M. (1930). "Obituary. Russell W. Hendee". The Condor. 32 (3): 147–151. doi:10.2307/1363446. JSTOR 1363446.
- ^ Report of the Director of the National Zoological Park for the Year Ended June 30, 1930 (Report). 1921. p. 84.
- ^ "Harvard men discover new species of birds". The Harvard Crimson. 22 January 1930. (Claims of discovery of new species have been challenged by molecular phylogenetics.)
- ^ "Field Museum News". Biodiversity Heritage Library. May 1930. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
- ^ Theodore and Kermit Roosevelt, The Field Museum>
- ^ 17100 feet ≈ 5212 meters.
- ^ "Kermit Roosevelt tells crowd about his Asiatic hunting". Chicago Tribune. 2 December 1929.
- ^ Trailing the Giant Panda in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- ^ "Review: Trailing the Giant Panda". Nature. 124 (3138): 944. 21 December 1929. Bibcode:1929Natur.124R.944.. doi:10.1038/124944b0. S2CID 4086078.
- ^ M. K (February 1930). "Review: Trailing the Giant Panda by Theodore Roosevelt & Kermit Roosevelt". The Geographical Journal. 75 (2): 183–185. doi:10.2307/1784124. JSTOR 1784124.