A hybrid PAC (sometimes called a Carey Committee) is a political committee classification in the United States. It is used by the Federal Election Commission to describe a committee with certain spending and contribution limitations.[1]
The term is related to "super PAC," a committee which may not make contributions to candidate campaigns or parties, but may engage in unlimited political spending independently of the campaigns. Unlike super PACs, however, a hybrid PAC can give limited amounts of money directly to campaigns and committees, while still making independent expenditures in unlimited amounts.[1][2]
The hybrid PAC is required to maintain two separate bank accounts for the two types of expenditures, and to register with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and report all receipts and disbursements for both accounts.[1] In essence, the hybrid PAC is the equivalent of a traditional PAC and a super PAC operating under the same roof.[2][3][4] The first $5,000 given to a hybrid PAC is given to the traditional PAC, and any funds above that are channeled into the super PAC.[5]
History
editThe Hybrid PAC has its origins in the Carey v. Federal Election Commission (FEC) case, in which retired United States Navy Rear Admiral James J. Carey, Kelly Eustis, and the National Defense Political Action Committee filed suit against the FEC on January 31, 2011.[6] Dan Backer, Carey's attorney in the case, argued that the current laws governing campaign contributions prohibited "a nonconnected political committee from soliciting and accepting unlimited contributions to one bank account designated for independent expenditures, while maintaining a second, separate bank account designated for source- and amount-limited contributions to candidates and their authorized political committees."[7] A judge in the D.D.C. ruled in Carey's favor, which opened the door for any PAC or super PAC to reclassify themselves as a hybrid PAC.[8]
Thirteen hybrid PACs were formed within five months of the Carey v. FEC decision.[9] One of the nation's oldest PACs, The Business-Industry Political Action Committee, transitioned to a hybrid PAC in October 2011. Its president and CEO Greg Casey called the decision a "no-brainer," as the PAC could start operating a super PAC arm by opening a new bank account instead of creating a new organization.[2]
As of 2024, Americans for Prosperity, a twenty year old Hybrid PAC, has spent "$257 million (US) to support conservative congressional and presidential candidates."[10]
In total, $1,376 billion was spent by hybrid PACs in the 2024 election.[11] The largest spender was for the 2024 US presidential election, in which Kamala Harris was supported by Future Forward USA PAC, a hybrid PAC that spent $517 million.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b c "FEC Terminology for Candidate Committees" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. 2013. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
- ^ a b c Levinthal, Dave (2012-01-21). "Meet the super super PAC". Politico. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
- ^ "Krystal Ball's Democratic PAC gives less than 3 percent of money raised to candidates". Washington Examiner. 13 February 2018.
- ^ "Dark Money Basics". OpenSecrets.
- ^ "Behold The 'Hybrid PAC': All The Benefits Of A Regular PAC With The 'Super' Bonuses". TPM – Talking Points Memo. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ "Carey v. FEC". FEC.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ "Carey v. FEC". Federal Election Commission. 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
- ^ "Hybrid PAC". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
- ^ Levinthal, Dave (2012-02-14). "Hybrid PACs pick up pace". Politico. Retrieved 2024-11-07.
- ^ "Koch network's flagship super PAC pours big money into 2024 elections". Open Secrets. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 8 Nov 2024.
- ^ "2024 Outside Spending, by Group". OpenSecrets.
- ^ Massoglia, Anna (November 5, 2024). "Outside spending on 2024 elections shatters records, fueled by billion-dollar 'dark money' infusion". OpenSecrets.
External links
edit- Registering a Hybrid PAC - FEC.gov