Hurmiz Malik Chikko (Syriac: ܗܘܪܡܘܙ ܡܵܠܸܟ ܟ̰ܝܟܘ), also sometimes spelled Hormiz Malek Chikko, (1934 - December 2, 1963)[1] was an Assyrian advocate and army leader. He led the Assyrian armed struggle against the ruling Ba'ath Party in Iraq from the late 1950s until his death in 1963 and promoted Assyrian autonomy in the Nineveh Plains during his life.[1][2][3]
Hurmiz Malik Chikko | |
|---|---|
| ܗܘܪܡܘܙ ܡܵܠܸܟ ܟ̰ܝܟܘ | |
| Born | 1934 |
| Died | December 2, 1963 (aged 28–29) Aloka, Iraq |
| Cause of death | Killed in action |
| Relatives |
|
Early life and family
editChikko was born in 1934 in the village of Diana, Northern Iraq.[1] He was the son of Malik Chikko of the clan of Dadosh, Upper Tyari, and the nephew of Malik Yaqo D’Malik Ismail, the leader of Upper Tyari Tribe.[1] His older brother[4] was Gewargis Malik Chikko, another Assyrian advocate who was the head of the High Committee of Christian affairs in Iraq and a founding member of the Chicago-branch of the Assyrian Universal Alliance.[5]
Assyrian activism
editChikko commanded the Assyrian front against the Iraqi Ba’thist Regime in the late 1950s and early 1960s.[2] His goals were to gain autonomy for Assyrians in Iraq, protect Assyrian and Yazidi lands in the northern Iraq from Arabization and Kurdification policies, and to protect the local Assyrian and Yazidi communities from the crossfire of the conflict between the Iraqi Central Government and Kurdish leadership.[1][2][3][6]
Death
editChikko was killed in the Battle of Aloka on December 2, 1963, at the age of 29, along with six other Assyrian fighters.[1][5][6] His death was thought by many to be a turning point that would allow for even more persecution of Assyrians in Kore Gavana, the Assyrian village[7] that he lived in for most of his life.[8] Kore Gavana, along with many other Assyrian-majority villages in Iraq's Dohuk Governorate, were eventually annexed by the Kurdistan Regional Government.[9]
Legacy
editChikko is viewed by many Assyrians and Yazidis today as a martyr for their protection during a time of instability, as well as a martyr for the Assyrian nationalist cause.[1][2] He and his family are mentioned in the Assyrian songs Chikko by Sargon Gabriel[10][11][12] and Korehgawana by Juliana Jendo.[13][14]
There was controversy among the international Assyrian community during the 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum, when an image of Chikko's statue in the village of Kore Gavana covered with Kurdish flags was surfaced. This was seen by many Assyrians as an attempt by the Kurdistan Regional Government to Kurdify Chikko's Assyrian nationalist legacy.[2][5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "Leaders and Heroes". 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Hanna, Reine (September 25, 2017). "Erasing Assyrians: How the KRG Abuses Human Rights, Undermines Democracy, and Conquers Minority Homelands" (PDF). Assyrian Confederation of Europe. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ a b Rowe, Paul (2019). The Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-138-64904-0. OCLC 1135999690.
- ^ "All results for Chikko". Ancestry. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
- ^ a b c Donabed, Sargon (2015). Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century. ISBN 9780748686056.
- ^ a b Donabed, Sargon (2010). "Iraq and the Assyrian Unimagining: Illuminating Scaled Suffering and a Hierarchy of Genocide from Simele to Anfal" (PDF). Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ "Kore Gavana". March 16, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
- ^ Aprim, Fred. "Oppression, Assassination, Torture, Harassment, Unfair, and Undemocratic Acts by Kurds and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) Against the Assyrians (also known as Chaldeans and Suryan) in North of Iraq" (PDF). Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ Eshoo, Majed. "The Fate Of Assyrian Villages Annexed To Today's Dohuk Governorate In Iraq And The Conditions In These Villages Following The Establishment Of The Iraqi State In 1921". Assyrian International News Agency. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ Sargon Gabriel-Chikko 2006 on YouTube
- ^ "Sargon Gabriel - Chikko". Assyrian Lyrics. 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
- ^ "Chikko". Mathwatha Music.
- ^ Juliana Jendo Korehgawana on YouTube
- ^ Juliana Jendo - Korehgawana (2013) on YouTube
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