Hunua (New Zealand electorate)

The Hunua electorate existed three times for the New Zealand House of Representatives beginning in 1978, based at the south end of the Auckland urban area, and named for the Hunua Ranges. It covered different geographical areas over those periods. The electorate was last represented by Andrew Bayly of the National Party before its dissolution in 2020.

Population centres

The 1977 electoral redistribution was the most overtly political since the Representation Commission had been established through an amendment to the Representation Act in 1886, initiated by Muldoon's National Government.^[1] As part of the 1976 census, a large number of people failed to fill out an electoral re-registration card, and census staff had not been given the authority to insist on the card being completed. This had little practical effect for people on the general roll, but it transferred Māori to the general roll if the card was not handed in. Together with a northward shift of New Zealand's population, this resulted in five new electorates having to be created in the upper part of the North Island.^[2] The electoral redistribution was very disruptive, and 22 electorates were abolished, while 27 electorates were newly created (including Hunua) or re-established. These changes came into effect for the 1978 election.^[3]

Population centres of the original electorate included Cockle Bay in the north-west, East Tāmaki in the west, the settlement of Hunua itself, Mangatāwhiri in the south, and Kaiaua in the east.^[2] The electorate existed for two parliamentary periods until the 1983 electoral redistribution, when boundary changes forced its abolition ahead of the 1984 election.^[4]^[5] The north-west corner went to the newly established Otara electorate, and the remaining part was absorbed by the reconstituted Franklin electorate.^[6]

History

The 1978 election was notable in that Labour candidate Malcolm Douglas held an election night majority of 301 votes. However, National candidate Winston Peters claimed irregularities in the vote, and in a 24 May 1979 ruling, a Court-ordered recount resulted in 500 votes being re-classed as informal, giving Peters a majority of 192. Peters was declared elected as of election night.^[7]^[8]

The electorate was re-created due to the 1996 change to mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting and the resulting reduction in the number of constituencies. The second historical Hunua electorate contained a selection of dormitory towns in south Auckland, of which Papakura was the largest. The Hunua electorate was abolished again in 2002 and replaced by Clevedon.^{[citation needed]}

The electorate was established again for the 2008 election. The new Hunua electorate was based around the southern and eastern fringes of the Auckland region, and contained the Franklin District towns of Pukekohe, Waiuku, Bombay, as well as Clevedon, Whitford and Maraetai from eastern Manukau. The resurrected Hunua electorate officially replaced the redrawn and renamed electorate of Port Waikato.^{[citation needed]}

Hunua was abolished again for the 2020 general election, with the eastern half being incorporated into Papakura, a small section around Ormiston and Mission Heights becoming part of the new Takanini electorate, and the western half being merged into a recreated Port Waikato.^[9]

Members of Parliament

Key

National Labour ACT

Election	Winner
1978 election		Malcolm Douglas
24 May 1979^{[note 1]}		Winston Peters
1981 election		Colin Moyle
Electorate abolished 1984–1996; see Otara and Franklin
1996 election		Warren Kyd
1999 election		Warren Kyd
Electorate abolished 2002–2008; see Clevedon and Port Waikato
2008 election		Paul Hutchison
2011 election		Paul Hutchison
2014 election		Andrew Bayly
2017 election		Andrew Bayly
Electorate abolished in 2020; see Papakura and Port Waikato

^ The election of Malcolm Douglas was overturned by the Electoral Court on 24 May 1979

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Hunua electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Winner
2008 election		Roger Douglas

Election results

2017 election

2017 general election: Hunua^[10]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Andrew Bayly		26,825	65.91	−0.96	26,005	62.81	−0.89
	Labour	Baljit Kaur		7,382	18.14	+0.46	9,199	22.22	+9.16
	NZ First	Jon Reeves		3,077	7.56	−0.65	3,541	8.55	−1.00
	Green	Phil McCabe		2,002	—	+4.75	1,237	2.99	−2.78
	Independent	Ian Cummings		710	1.74	—
	ACT	Anthony Smith		274	0.67	−0.53	297	0.72	−0.15
	Opportunities						611	1.48	—
	Māori Party						103	0.25	−0.15
	Legalise Cannabis						102	0.24	−0.14
	Conservative						76	0.18	−4.84
	United Future						35	0.08	−0.19
	Ban 1080						33	0.08	−0.17
	Outdoors						27	0.07	—
	People's Party						24	0.06	—
	Mana Party						8	0.02	—
	Internet						7	0.02	—
	Democrats						5	0.01	−0.04
Informal votes				427			91
Total valid votes				40,697			41,401
	National hold		Majority	19,443	47.77	−1.42

2014 election

2014 general election: Hunua^[11]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Andrew Bayly		23,621	66.87	+1.28	22,929	63.70	+1.12
	Labour	Arena Williams		6,245	17.68	+0.92	4,699	13.06	−3.05
	NZ First	Jon Reeves		2,900	8.21	+4.13	3,437	9.55	+2.13
	Conservative	Neville Hudson		1,433	4.06	+0.07	1,807	5.02	+1.29
	ACT	Ian Cummings		425	1.20	−0.08	313	0.87	−0.58
	Māori Party	Thomas T. T. Phillips		244	0.69	+0.13	144	0.40	−0.13
	Democrats	Huia Mitchell		96	0.27	+0.03	19	0.05	−0.03
	Green						2,076	5.77	−1.11
	Internet Mana						166	0.46	+0.25^[a]
	Legalise Cannabis						136	0.38	−0.05
	United Future New Zealand						82	0.23	−0.25
	Ban 1080						46	0.13	+0.13
	Civilian						14	0.04	+0.04
	Independent Coalition						4	0.01	+0.01
	Focus						4	0.01	+0.01
Informal votes				360			117
Total valid votes				35,324			35,993
Turnout				36,110	80.61	+5.18
	National hold		Majority	17,376	49.19	+0.36

2011 election

2011 general election: Hunua^[12]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Paul Hutchison		22,563	65.59	+1.18	22,161	62.58	+1.94
	Labour	Richard Hills		5,766	16.76	-1.05	5,705	16.11	-3.60
	Green	Charmaine A. Watts		2,576	7.49	+3.01	2,438	6.88	+3.52
	NZ First	Doug Nabbs		1,405	4.08	+1.15	2,626	7.42	+3.04
	Conservative	Kevin Campbell		1,373	3.99	+3.99	1,320	3.73	+3.73
	ACT	Ian Cummings		440	1.28	-7.74	515	1.45	-6.79
	Māori Party	Thomas Tuatu Toihau Phillips		194	0.56	+0.56	188	0.53	-0.01
	Democrats	Huia Mitchell		81	0.24	+0.24	30	0.08	+0.06
	United Future New Zealand						170	0.48	-0.34
	Legalise Cannabis						154	0.43	+0.11
	Mana						75	0.21	+0.21
	Libertarianz						25	0.07	+0.04
	Alliance						4	0.01	-0.03
Informal votes				699			204
Total valid votes				34,398			35,411
	National hold		Majority	16,797	48.83	+2.23

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 47,215^[13]

2008 election

2008 general election: Hunua^[14]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Paul Hutchison		21,920	64.41		21,032	60.64
	Labour	Jordan Carter		6,062	17.81		6,836	19.71
	ACT	Roger Douglas		3,068	9.02		2,859	8.24
	Green	Fiona Kenworthy (Shaw)		1,525	4.48		1,168	3.37
	NZ First	Helen Mulford		997	2.93		1,516	4.37
	Kiwi	Frank Naea		209	0.61		130	0.37
	United Future New Zealand	Toni Driller		195	0.57		286	0.82
	Libertarianz	Bruce Whitehead		56	0.16		10	0.03
	Bill and Ben						199	0.57
	Progressive						194	0.56
	Māori Party						189	0.54
	Legalise Cannabis						112	0.32
	Family Party						95	0.27
	Pacific						21	0.06
	Alliance						16	0.05
	Workers Party						9	0.03
	Democrats						7	0.02
	RONZ						3	0.01
	RAM						2	0.01
Informal votes				299			118
Total valid votes				34,032			34,684
	National win new seat		Majority	15,858

1999 election

1999 general election: Hunua
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Warren Kyd		15,072	48.07	+9.14	12,118	38.23	-3.71
	Labour	Paul Schofield		9,877	31.50	+15.06	9,430	29.75	+8.45
	Alliance	Janice Graham		1,878	5.99		1,778	5.61	-0.68
	ACT	John Thompson		1,713	5.46		3,543	11.18	+4.14
	NZ First	John Geary		1,479	4.72		1,561	4.93	-8.81
	Christian Heritage	Ken Andrew		784	2.50		780	2.46
	Christian Democrats	Bill Henderson		383	1.22		266	0.84
	Natural Law	Raylene Lodge		170	0.54		41	0.13	+0.04
	Green						1,363	4.30
	Legalise Cannabis						340	1.07	-0.53
	United NZ						183	0.58	-2.03
	Libertarianz						96	0.30	+0.25
	McGillicuddy Serious						56	0.18	-0.10
	Animals First						54	0.17	-0.05
	One NZ						25	0.08
	NMP						21	0.07
	Mana Māori						14	0.04	+0.02
	Mauri Pacific						11	0.03
	Republican						7	0.02
	Freedom Movement						3	0.01
	South Island						2	0.01
	The People's Choice						2	0.01
Informal votes				606			268
Total valid votes				31,356			31,694
	National hold		Majority	5,195	16.57	-0.03

1996 election

1996 general election: Hunua^[15]^[16]^[17]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Warren Kyd		11,953	38.93		12,932	41.94
	United NZ	John Robertson		6,855	22.33		805	2.61
	Labour	Paul Schofield		5,049	16.44		6,569	21.30
	NZ First	Patra de Coudray		3,267	10.64		4,237	13.74
	Alliance	Huia Mitchell		1,682	5.48		1,938	6.29
	Christian Coalition	Enosa Auva'a		1,017	3.31		1,328	4.31
	ACT	Simon Harding		739	2.41		2,170	7.04
	Natural Law	Raylene Lodge		103	0.34		27	0.09
	Republican	Sophie James		40	0.13
	Legalise Cannabis						492	1.60
	McGillicuddy Serious						86	0.28
	Progressive Green						83	0.27
	Animals First						69	0.22
	Ethnic Minority Party						31	0.10
	Green Society						18	0.06
	Superannuitants & Youth						15	0.05
	Libertarianz						15	0.05
	Advance New Zealand						7	0.02
	Mana Māori						6	0.02
	Conservatives						3	0.01
	Asia Pacific United						2	0.01
	Te Tawharau						1	0.00
Informal votes				225			96
Total valid votes				30,705			30,834
	National win new seat		Majority	5,098	16.60

1981 election

1981 general election: Hunua^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Colin Moyle	9,343	43.85
	National	Winston Peters	8,347	39.17	−3.88
	Social Credit	Geoff Morell	3,519	16.51	+3.06
	Independent National	Ian Sampson	96	0.45
Majority			996	4.67
Turnout			21,305	90.01
Registered electors			23,669

1978 election

1978 general election: Hunua^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National	Winston Peters	7,507	43.05
	Labour	Malcolm Douglas	7,315	41.95
	Social Credit	Geoff Morell	2,346	13.45
	Values	Peter Bruce Robinson	268	1.53
Majority			192	1.10
Turnout			17,436	N/A
Registered electors			N/A

Initial result

1978 general election: Hunua^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Malcolm Douglas	7,935	43.46
	National	Winston Peters	7,634	41.82
	Social Credit	Geoff Morell	2,410	13.20
	Values	Peter Bruce Robinson	275	1.50
Informal votes			213	1.16
Majority			301	1.64
Turnout			18,254	N/A
Registered electors			N/A

Table footnotes

^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

^ McRobie 1989, pp. 8–9, 51, 119.
^ ^a ^b McRobie 1989, p. 119.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 115–120.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 265.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 119, 123.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 118–123.
^ "New Zealand Labour Party. Hunua Electorate (B478)". National Archive of Manuscripts and Records. 1 May 2000. Retrieved 6 November 2008.^{[dead link‍]}
^ Wilson 1985, pp. 193, 226.
^ "Report of the Representation Commission 2020" (PDF). 17 April 2020.
^ "Official Count Results -- Hunua (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Electoral Commission (10 October 2014). "Official Count Results – Hunua". Retrieved 1 February 2016.
^ 2011 election results
^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
^ 2008 election results Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place - Hunua, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 13 July 2013.
^ "Part III - Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
^ "Part III - Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b Norton 1988, p. 249.
^ "Declaration of Result of Poll". The New Zealand Herald. 14 December 1978. p. 13.

References

McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.

[10] The election of Malcolm Douglas was overturned by the Electoral Court on 24 May 1979

[Internet_Mana-13] 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie19898–9,_51,_119-1] McRobie 1989, pp. 8–9, 51, 119.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119-2] McRobie 1989, p. 119.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989115–120-3] McRobie 1989, pp. 115–120.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985265-4] Wilson 1985, p. 265.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119,_123-5] McRobie 1989, pp. 119, 123.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989118–123-6] McRobie 1989, pp. 118–123.

[7] "New Zealand Labour Party. Hunua Electorate (B478)". National Archive of Manuscripts and Records. 1 May 2000. Retrieved 6 November 2008.^{[dead link‍]}

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985193,_226-8] Wilson 1985, pp. 193, 226.

[9] "Report of the Representation Commission 2020" (PDF). 17 April 2020.

[2017election-11] "Official Count Results -- Hunua (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

[Hunua_2014_election_results-12] Electoral Commission (10 October 2014). "Official Count Results – Hunua". Retrieved 1 February 2016.

[14] 2011 election results

[enrolment-15] "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.

[16] 2008 election results Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine

[17] "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place - Hunua, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 13 July 2013.

[1996_successful-18] "Part III - Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

[1996_unsuccessful-19] "Part III - Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988249-20] Norton 1988, p. 249.

[21] "Declaration of Result of Poll". The New Zealand Herald. 14 December 1978. p. 13.

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