Heroini is a fish tribe from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the family Cichlidae (cichlids). All cichlids native to the Greater Antilles, United States (southern Texas), Mexico and northern Central America are members of this tribe. It also includes most cichlid species in southern Central America (where the only non-Heroini cichlids are Andinoacara and Geophagus) and several species from South America (where several other tribes exist). A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus Cichlasoma (itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini) but have since been moved to other genera.
| Heroini Temporal range:
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| Parachromis managuensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cichliformes |
| Family: | Cichlidae |
| Subfamily: | Cichlinae |
| Tribe: | Heroini S. O. Kullander, 1998 |
In other classifications, the tribe Heroini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae.[3]
Genera
editAs of 2024[update], this tribe includes 46 valid genera and approximately 184 species:[4]
- Amatitlania (Schmitter-Soto, 2007)
- Amphilophus (Agassiz, 1859)
- Archocentrus (Gill, 1877)
- Astatheros (Pellegrin, 1904)
- Australoheros (Říčan & Kullander, 2006)
- Caquetaia (Fowler, 1945)
- Chiapaheros (McMahan & Piller, 2015)[5]
- Chocoheros (Říčan & Piálek, 2016)
- Chortiheros (Říčan & Piálek, 2016)
- Chuco (Fernández-Yépez, 1969)
- Cincelichthys (McMahan & Piller, 2015)[5]
- Cribroheros (Říčan & Piálek, 2016)
- Cryptoheros (Allgayer, 2001)
- Darienheros (Říčan & Novák, 2016)
- Herichthys (Baird & Girard, 1854)
- Heroina (Kullander, 1996)
- Heros (Heckel, 1840)
- Herotilapia (Pellegrin, 1904)[5]
- Hoplarchus (Kaup, 1860)
- Hypselecara (Kullander, 1986)
- Hypsophrys (Agassiz, 1859)
- Isthmoheros (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)
- Kronoheros (Říčan & Piálek, 2016)
- Maskaheros (McMahan & Piller, 2015)[5]
- Mayaheros (Říčan & Piálek, 2016)
- Mesoheros (McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)[5]
- Mesonauta (Günther, 1867)
- Nandopsis (Gill, 1862)
- Neetroplus (Günther, 1867)
- Oscura (McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)[5]
- Panamius (Schmitter-Soto, 2007)
- Parachromis (Agassiz, 1859)
- Paraneetroplus (Regan, 1905)
- Petenia (Günther, 1862)
- Pterophyllum (Heckel, 1840)
- Rheoheros (McMahan & Matamoros, 2015)[5]
- Rocio (Schmitter-Soto, 2007)
- Symphysodon (Heckel, 1840)
- Talamancaheros (Říčan & Novák, 2016)
- Theraps (Günther, 1862)
- Thorichthys (Meek, 1904)
- Tomocichla (Regan, 1908)
- Trichromis (McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)[5]
- Uaru (Heckel, 1840)
- Vieja (Fernández-Yépez, 1969)[5]
- Wajpamheros (Říčan & Piálek, 2016)
Genera of disputed validity
edit- Kihnichthys (McMahan & Matamoros, 2015)[5] – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016)[4] and Azas (2020)[6] to be a junior synonym of Cincelichthys.
- Nosferatu (De la Maza-Benignos et. al, 2015)[7] – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016)[4] and FishBase[8] to be an invalid synonym of Herichthys.
References
edit- ^ Malabarba, Maria C.; Malabarba, Luiz R.; López-Fernández, Hernán (2014). "On the Eocene cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: additions and implications for the Neotropical ichthyofauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 49–58. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.830021.
- ^ Říčan, Oldřich; Piálek, Lubomír; Zardoya, Rafael; Doadrio, Ignacio & Zrzavy, Jan (March 2013). "Biogeography of the Mesoamerican Cichlidae (Teleostei: Heroini): Colonization through the GAARlandia land bridge and early diversification". Journal of Biogeography. 40 (3): 579–593. doi:10.1111/jbi.12023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ Wm. Leo Smith; Prosanta Chakrabarty; John S. Sparks (2008). "Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae)". Cladistics. 24 (5): 624–641. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00210.x. Abstract
- ^ a b c Říčan, O.; Piálek, L.; Dragová, K.; Novák, J. (2016). "Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 66 (1): 1–102. doi:10.3897/vz.66.e31534. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-05. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j McMahan, C.D.; Matamoros, W.A.; Piller, K.R.; Chakrabarty, P. (2015). "Taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), with the description of eight new Middle American Genera" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3999 (2): 211–234. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.3. PMID 26623572.
- ^ Azas, Juan Miguel Artigas (October 2021). "Kihnichthys, a junior synonym of Cincelichthys". Cichlid News Magazine. 29 (4 ed.): 10–12.
- ^ De la Maza-Benignos M.; Ornelas-García C.P.; Lozano-Vilano M.d.L.; García-Ramírez M.E.; Doadrio I. (2015). "Phylogeographic analysis of genus Herichthys (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with descriptions of Nosferatu new genus and H. tepehua n. sp". Hydrobiologia. 748 (1): 201–231. doi:10.1007/s10750-014-1891-8. hdl:10261/126238. S2CID 254551771.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (eds.). "Fish Identification". May 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
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