Bath and North East Somerset (commonly referred to as BANES or B&NES) is a unitary authority created on 1 April 1996, following the abolition of the County of Avon, which had existed since 1974.[1] Part of the ceremonial county of Somerset, Bath and North East Somerset occupies an area of 220 square miles (570 km2), two-thirds of which is green belt.[2] It stretches from the outskirts of Bristol, south into the Mendip Hills and east to the southern Cotswold Hills and Wiltshire border.[2] The city of Bath is the principal settlement in the district, but BANES also covers Keynsham, Midsomer Norton, Radstock and the Chew Valley. The area has a population of 170,000, about half of whom live in Bath, making it 12 times more densely populated than the rest of the area.[2]
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In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest".[3] Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990[4] rests with Historic England, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations.
Bath and North East Somerset has 663 Grade I listed buildings, one of the highest concentrations in the country,[5] covered by about 120 Historic England listings. The oldest sites within Bath are the Roman Baths, for which the foundation piles and an irregular stone chamber lined with lead were built during the Roman occupation of Britain,[6][7] although the current building is from the 18th century.[8] Bath Abbey was a Norman church built on earlier foundations, although the present building dates from the early 16th century and shows a late Perpendicular style with flying buttresses and crocketed pinnacles decorating a crenellated and pierced parapet.[9][10][11] The medieval era is represented by the remains of the city walls in Upper Borough Walls.[12]
Most of Bath's Grade I listed buildings are made from the local golden-coloured Bath Stone, and date from the 18th and 19th centuries. Their dominant architectural style is Georgian,[13] which evolved from the Palladian revival style that became popular during the early 18th century. This led to the entire city's designation as a World Heritage Site.[14] Much of the development, and many of the buildings, were the vision of John Wood, the Elder. The Circus is seen as the pinnacle of Wood's work: it consists of three long, curved terraces that form a circular space or theatre intended for civic functions and games. The games give a clue to the design, the inspiration for which was the Colosseum in Rome.[13] The best known of Bath's terraces is the Royal Crescent, built between 1767 and 1774 and designed by Wood's son, John Wood, the Younger.[15] Around 1770 the neoclassical architect Robert Adam designed Pulteney Bridge, a three-arched bridge spanning the Avon. He used as his prototype an original, but unused, design by Palladio for the Rialto Bridge in Venice.[16] The heart of the Georgian city was the Pump Room, which together with its associated Lower Assembly Rooms was designed by Thomas Baldwin, a local builder responsible for many other buildings in the city, including the terraces in Argyle Street.[17] Great Pulteney Street, where Baldwin eventually lived, is another of his works: this wide boulevard, constructed c. 1789 and over 1,000 feet (305 m) long and 100 feet (30 m) wide, is lined on both sides by Georgian terraces.[18]
Outside the city of Bath, most of the Grade I listed buildings are Norman or medieval-era churches, many of which are included in the Somerset towers, a collection of distinctive, mostly spireless, Gothic church towers. Manor houses such as Claverton Manor, which now houses the American Museum in Britain,[19] and the 18th-century Newton Park, which has a landscape garden designed by Capability Brown, also appear in the list;[20] Newton Park now forms part of the Bath Spa University. Canal architecture includes Dundas Aqueduct and Claverton Pumping Station, both designed by John Rennie. The most recent building is the agricultural Eastwood Manor Farm Steading, completed in 1860.[21]
Buildings
editSee also
editNotes
edit- ^ The date given is the date used by Historic England as significant for the initial building or that of an important part in the structure's description.
- ^ Sometimes known as OSGB36, the grid reference is based on the British national grid reference system used by the Ordnance Survey.
- ^ The "List Entry Number" is a unique number assigned to each listed building and scheduled monument by Historic England.
References
edit- ^ "The Avon (Structural Change) Order 1995". Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). Archived from the original on 30 January 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
- ^ a b c "About the area". Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
- ^ "Listed Buildings". Historic England. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ "Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9)". Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
- ^ "Owning a Listed Building". Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- ^ "The History of Plumbing — Roman and English Legacy". Plumbing World. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ^ "City of Bath World Heritage Site Management Plan". Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ^ a b Historic England. "The Roman Baths and site of Roman town (1004678)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ "A Building of Vertue". Bath Past. Archived from the original on 10 May 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
- ^ "Bath Abbey". Images of England. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
- ^ Luxford, Julian M (2000). "In Dreams: The sculptural iconography of the west front of Bath Abbey reassessed". Religion and the Arts. 4 (3): 314–336. doi:10.1163/156852901750359103.
- ^ a b Historic England. "Medieval City Wall, with burial ground (1395446)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ a b Gadd, David (1987). Georgian Summer. Bath: Countryside Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-239-00083-5.
- ^ "City of Bath World Heritage Site Management Plan — Appendix 3". Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 4 August 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ^ a b Historic England. "1 to 30 Royal Crescent (1394736)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Manco, Jean (1995). "Pulteney Bridge". Architectural History. 38: 129–145. doi:10.2307/1568625. JSTOR 1568625.
- ^ Colvin, Howard (1997). A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07207-5.
- ^ a b Historic England. "1-7 (Consec) Great Pulteney Street, 36 and 37 Henrietta Street, 4,5 and 6 Laura Place (1396180)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Scott, Shane (1995). The hidden places of Somerset. Aldermaston: Travel Publishing Ltd. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-1-902007-01-4.
- ^ "Newton Park, Bath, England". Parks & Gardens UK. Parks and Gardens Data Services Limited (PGDS). Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ a b Historic England. "Eastwood Manor Farm Steading (1129549)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "1 South Parade (1394987)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "1 to 8 Bath Street (1394178)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "1 Henrietta Street (1395995)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "1395789 (1395995)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "1-8 Johnstone Street (1395919)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 1-41 and attached area railings (1396090)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "No 1 and attached railings (1395400)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "1-14 (consec) with area railings (1395754)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "1-21, Paragon (1394239)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "2-5 Henrietta Street (1395996)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "No 2 and attached railings (1395411)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 3-13 and attached railings and overthrows (1395464)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "6 to 21 and attached railings and vaults (1395191)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "6-19 Henrietta Street (1395997)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "7-12 North Parade (1395790)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "8-20 Great Pulteney Street (1396183)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "9-13 South Parade (1394994)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "9-15 Johnstone Street (1395920)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "9 to 16 Bath Street (1394181)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "14 North Parade (1395795)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "14 South Parade (1394995)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "16-22 (consec) and attached railings (1394849)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "20-35 Henrietta Street (1395998)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "23-37 (consec) and attached railings (1394850)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "35 and 36, Stall Street (1395189)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "37 Stall Street (1395193)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "40 Great Pulteney Street (1396211)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "41A Great Pulteney Street (1396223)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "41 Gay Street (1395837)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "42-52 Great Pulteney Street (1396225)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "66-77 Great Pulteney Street (1396231)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Abbey Church of St Peter and St Paul (1394015)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "All Saints Church (1214256)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Archway (1394110)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Assembly Rooms (1394144)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Beckford's Tower with attached wall and railings (1394133)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Castle Keep in the Grounds of Newton Park (1129476)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Chapter House of Hinton Priory (1320809)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of All Saints (1129484)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Andrew (1129613)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Bartholomew (1129654)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St James (1320783)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Julian (1115330)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Luke and St Andrew (1312703)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Margaret (1136547)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Mary Magdalene (1214262)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Michael and All Angels (1320751)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Paul, with west wing (1394133)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Peter (1129514)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Peter (1129441)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Circus House (1394142)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Claverton Manor (The American Museum) and screen walls to north and south (1214609)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Claverton Pumping Station (1214608)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Historic England. "Combe Hay Manor (1115363)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Delia's Grotto in garden of No. 14 (1395797)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Dundas Aqueduct (1215193)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "East wing and porte cochere (1394460)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Fountain at Widcombe Manor House (1394134)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Gatehouse, 35 m. to west of the Castle Keep (1136324)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Gate piers, gates and boundary walls to south of Widcombe Manor (1394135)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "General Wade's House (1394012)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "George's Hotel (1394989)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Georgian House and attached railings (1395387)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Grand Pump Room (1394019)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Grosvenor House (1396094)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Guildhall (1396021)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Hinton Priory (1136191)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Keynsham Abbey, remains to the south of No.3 (No.3 not included) (1384577)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Keynsham Abbey pier base in the garden of No.3 (No.3 not included) (1384576)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "King's Bath (1395194)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Lodge of Partis College (1396315)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Midford Castle with former Offices and Coach-houses (1277079)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Newton Park, the Country House of the College only (1312838)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "North colonnade at Grand Pump Room (1395195)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "North Parade House (1395794)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "No 1 with railings, Queen Square (1394539)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "No 1A with railings, Queen Square (1394541)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 1-15 (consec) and attached railings (1394848)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 1-12 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1395298)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "No 2 with railings, Queen Square (1394544)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "No 3 with railings, Queen Square (1394547)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "No 4 (Alfred Hopkins House) with railings, Queen Square (1394549)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos (consec) and attached lamp standards to No 59, 53-65 Great Pulteney Street (1396226)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 1, 2 and 3 (1394773)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 1-20 (consec) and attached railings and overthrows (1394109)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos. 2-17 (consec) with attached railings (1395823)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos. 3, 4 and 5 and attached railings (1395390)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 5-11 (consec) Francis Hotel) (1394551)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 5-20 and attached walls and railings (1394986)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos. 6 to 11 (consec) and attached railings (1395394)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 7, 8 and 9 (1394783)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 10, 11 and 12 (1394786)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 12 and 13 and attached railings (1394555)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 14 and 15 and attached railings (1394559)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "18 Queen Square (1394564)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos. 18-30 (consec) with attached railings (1395825)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 18A, 19 and 20 and attached railings (1394566)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 18A, 19 and 20 and attached railings (1394567)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 21-27 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396203)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 28-31 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396204)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 32-34 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396207)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 35-39 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396209)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 38-45 (consec) and attached railings (1394851)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Nos 93-103 (consec) including attached forecourt and railings (1395300)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Palladian Bridge in the grounds of Prior Park (1394463)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Partis College (1396304)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Pratt's Hotel (1394992)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Prior Park College: The mansion with link arcades (1394453)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Pulteney Bridge (1394514)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Ralph Allen's House (1395830)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Refectory to west of Hinton Priory (1129461)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Rosewell House (1394043)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Shockerwick House (1157865)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Shops Nos 1 to 8 (consec) (1394515)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Shops Nos 9 to 17 (consec) (1394516)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "St Catherine's Court (1232265)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Summerhill (1394974)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "South colonnade at Grand Pump Room (1395196)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "St John's Hospital (including Chapel Court House) (1395488)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Terrace balustrade to forecourt, Widcombe Manor (1394137)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "The Cross Bath (1394182)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "The Holburne Museum (1395305)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Widcombe Manor and cottage (1394125)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
External links
editMedia related to Grade I listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset District at Wikimedia Commons