Fryazino (Russian: Фрязино, IPA: [ˈfrʲæzʲɪnə]) is a scientific town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Lyuboseyevka River, a tributary of the Vorya, 25 kilometers (16 mi) northeast of the city of Moscow. Population: 60,580 (2021 Census);[7] 55,369 (2010 Census);[3] 52,436 (2002 Census);[8] 53,317 (1989 Soviet census).[9]
Fryazino
Фрязино | |
|---|---|
 View of Fryazino | |
.svg) Flag .svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Fryazino  | |
  Fryazino Location of Fryazino  Fryazino Fryazino (Moscow Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 55°57′N 38°03′E / 55.950°N 38.050°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Moscow Oblast[1] |
| Founded | 1584 |
| Town status since | 1951 |
| Government | |
| • Body | Council of Deputies |
| • Head | Konstantin Bocharov[2] |
| Elevation | 165 m (541 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 55,369 |
| • Rank | 299th in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Capital of | Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Fryazino Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Capital of | Fryazino Urban Okrug[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 141190 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 49656 |
| OKTMO ID | 46780000001 |
| Town Day | Observed in fall |
| Website | www |
Fryazino is a center of excellence for Russian microwave electronics.
History
editIn 1584–1856, the villages of Grebnevo, Fryazinovka, and Chizhovo stood on the territory occupied by modern Fryazino. Silk-weaving manufactures were established here in the second half of the 18th century.
The first mention of Fryazino was in the 1584–1586 cadastres of Moskovsky Uyezd: "Villages of Fryazinova and Samsonov as well on the river of Lyubosivka, and it includes plowed gray land tillage 4 desiatinas and of fallow 13.5 desiatinas in the field and the same in two (implying: cultivated fields), hay 10 haycocks, firewood forest, 5 acres" (Russian: дер. Фрязинова, а Самсонова тоже на рчк. на Любосивке, а в ней пашни паханые серой земли 8 четьи да перелогу 27 четв. в поле, а в дву потому ж, сена 10 коп, лесу дровяняного 5 дес). Then the village belonged to the demesne of Bogdan Belsky.
- 1791 — the temple Theotokos of Grebnevo was built.
- 1868 — the village Fryazino.
- 1938 — work settlement Fryazino.
- 1951 — it was granted town status.
- 1968 Fryazino received the status of regional subordination.
- December 29, 2003, Presidential decree granted Fryazino the status of the Scientific town of the Russian Federation.[10]
- October 28, 2009, in Fryazino under the chairmanship of President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev held a meeting of the Commission for Modernization and Technological Development of Russian Economy.[11]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Fryazino Urban Okrug.[4]
Economy
editIn 1901, Anna Kaptsova founded the big silk-weaving manufacture in the village of Fryazino. It was the first stone building in the village (nationalized in 1918, closed in 1929).
In 1933, in a former silk-weaving factory was founded the Radiolampa plant. Since that time Fryazino became the center of the Soviet electronics industry. The first Research Institute SRI-160 (its modern name is Federal State Unitary Enterprise RPC "Istok") was founded in Fryazino in 1943, then their number increases to five. Branch of the Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics was founded in Fryazino in 1955.
In Soviet times, growing enterprises had been working within a military reservation institute. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, these institutions were forced to cut most of their staff. Currently, a large part of the population of Fryazino works in Moscow.
By way of defense conversion research institutes were established the following enterprises: in 1993 — "Istok-Sistema", a manufacturer of medical equipment under the brand name "Gastroscan", in 1994 — "Istok-Audio", a manufacturer of hearing aids. In addition to the electronic and medical industry in the town is a confectionery industry, as well as a tea-packing factory of the company "May". The town also has furniture factories.
Education
editA first school was opened in Fryazino in 1912. There are 7 schools, including 5 secondary, a gymnasium and lyceum in the town now. By the end of 1980, 20% of the population of Fryazino had a higher education, among them — 460 Candidates of Sciences and 77 Doctors of Sciences, 2 Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 120 winners of the Lenin and State prizes.
Architecture and sights
edit
On the eastern outskirts of the town, on the banks of the Lyuboseyevka river, is the historic estate of Grebnevo (1780–1790; reconstructed in 1817-1823). Also, the Alley of Heroes is in the center of the downtown, on which there are the busts Heroes of the Soviet Union from Fryazino who participated in World War II: Alexandr Dudkin, Boris Yeryashev, Ivan Ivanov. Another monument is "Stella wins" that indicates the names of all of residents Fryazino who participated in World War II. There are some museums: the Town Museum, Ivan Ivanov's Home, the Literary Museum of Osip Mandelstam and other.
Transportation and communications
editThere are two ways you can get to Fryazino by public transport from Moscow :
- by train from Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal, in about 1 hour 15 min
- by minibus or coach (№ 361, № 335) from the Moscow Central Bus Terminal (around Moscow underground station Shcholkovskaya) in about 45 minutes, except for peak hours.
The town is located on the Fryanovo motorway P-110 (Schyolkovo — Fryanovo) at a distance of 7 km from the beginning of the motorway. The town has a new bus station, located on the Polevaya str. There are three town bus lines and the same taxi. In addition, through the town are 10 commuter bus routes (including those from Moscow). Inside the town there are several different taxi services.
Also in town there is a railway station and two passenger platforms (Fryazino-Commodity and Fryazino-Passenger, which is finite).
Fryazino has quite ramified computer network Fryazino.net.
Notable people
edit- Alexander Balandin, cosmonaut
- Nikolay Devyatkov (1907–2001), engineer/inventor
- Yury Gulyayev (b. 1935), physicist
- Aleksey Kuleshov, volleyball player
- Stanislav Petrov (1939–2017), military officer
- Alexander Zaitsev, astronomer
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e Law #11/2013-OZ
- ^ Главой городского округа Фрязино избран Константин Бочаров
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #38/2005-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Presidential Decree No 1531 on December 29, 2003 "About assignment Fryazino Moscow oblast status of the Scientific town of the Russian Federation" "Фрязино.Инфо - фото Указ Президента Российской Федерации «О присвоении статуса наукограда Российской Федерации г. Фрязино Московской области» - Официальные документы города Фрязино" (in Russian). Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
- ^ Russian Presidential website. [1] Archived May 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
Sources
edit- Московская областная Дума. Закон №11/2013-ОЗ от 31 января 2013 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области», в ред. Закона №249/2019-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2019 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования (13 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №24, 12 февраля 2013 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #11/2013-OZ of January 31, 2013 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Law #249/2019-OZ of November 29, 2019 On amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication (January 13, 2013).).
- Московская областная Дума. Закон №38/2005-ОЗ от 9 февраля 2005 г. «О статусе и границе городского округа Фрязино», в ред. Закона №167/2009-ОЗ от 25 декабря 2009 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "О статусе и границе городского округа Фрязино"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №31, 19 февраля 2005 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #38/2005-OZ of February 9, 2005 On the Status and the Border of Fryazino Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #167/2009-OZ of December 25, 2009 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Border of Fryazino Urban Okrug". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
edit- (in Russian) Official website of Fryazino
- (in Russian) Fryazino Business Directory
- (in Russian) Unofficial website of Fryazino