Charaxes candiope, the green-veined emperor or green-veined charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is common in sub-Saharan Africa.
| Green-veined emperor | |
|---|---|
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| Specimen from Ethiopia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Charaxes |
| Species: | C. candiope
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| Binomial name | |
| Charaxes candiope | |
| Synonyms | |
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Biology
editThe habitat is forest and savanna excluding arid savanna. It also occurs in gardens and agricultural areas. Notes on the biology of candiope are given by Pringle et al. (1994), Larsen, T.B. (1991), Larsen, T.B. (2005) and Kielland, J. (1990).[3][4][5][6] Flight period is from October to June.[7]
Description
edit
The wingspan is 45–55 mm in males and 50–60 mm in females. The basic colour of the upperside wings is tawny or orange tawny, with a basal area slightly paler or pale ochre yellow. The unscaled veins and the costal edge of forewing are green. The hindwings have a submarginal black band with a series of tawny ochreous or whitish interstitial spots. The undersides of the forewings are clayish, slightly ochreous, while the hindwings are sepia colour. Forewings are rather falcate, while the hindwings have two small tails protruding from the lower edge.
Full description
editA full description is given by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan, 1900 Novitates Zoologicae volume 7:287-524. [1] page 364 et seq. (for terms see Novitates Zoologicae volume 5:545-601 [2])
Life history
editLarvae have large green bodies and heads decorated with horns. They feed on Croton sylvaticus, Croton gratissimus, and Croton megalocarpus.[7][8]
Distribution
editThis species can be found in most of the Afrotropical realm (Sub-Saharan Africa).[8]
Taxonomy
editCharaxes candiope group. The group members are:[9]
- Charaxes candiope
- Charaxes antamboulou like next
- Charaxes cowani like last
- Charaxes velox
- Charaxes thomasius
References
edit- ^ Coetzer, B.H.; Westrip, J.R.S. (2020). "Charaxes candiope". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T160057A161316474. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T160057A161316474.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Godart, J.-B. 1832-1835. Supplement a l’Histoire Naturelle des Lepidopteres ou Papillons de France 1 Diurnes 1–440. Paris.
- ^ Pringle et al, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition
- ^ Larsen, T.B. 1991The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1–490.
- ^ Kielland, J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.
- ^ Larsen, T.B. 2005 Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark: 1-595 (text) & 1-270 (plates).
- ^ a b Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.
- ^ a b "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
- ^ Bernard Turlin, 2007 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the world Part 25 Nymphalidae XII, Charaxes II. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books.ISBN 9781903237359
- Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1974 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 29 (8):415-487. [3]
- Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 32
External links
edit- Charaxes candiope images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
- Images of C. candiope candiope Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
- Biodiversity Explorer
- Tolweb
- Outdoorphoto
- African Butterfly Database Range map via search
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