Celltech Group plc was a leading British-based biotechnology business based in Slough. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Celltech was instrumental in changing the UK's system of technology transfer from research to business, and in creating the biotechnology industry.[1]
 | |
| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| Industry | Biotechnology |
| Founded | 1980 |
| Defunct | 2004 |
| Fate | Acquired |
| Successor | UCB |
| Headquarters | Slough, UK |
Key people | Goran Ando (CEO) |
History
editCelltech was formed in 1980 in response to the concern that Britain was failing to commercialise its science and was missing out on the potential of the new biotechnology. There was especial concern that whereas US firms had been creating rapidly growing firms such as Genentech around scientific discoveries in biotechnology, the UK had missed opportunities such as that believed to be provided by the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of the production technique for Monoclonal antibody by Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler at Cambridge University.[1]
The creation of Celltech was complicated, involving the National Enterprise Board, the National Research Development Corporation, and the Medical Research Council. The decision was made to give Celltech exclusive rights to all biotechnology discoveries in UK research institutions and universities. Although the company was conceived under a Labour Government it was born under a Conservative government, with the Minister responsible, Sir Keith Joseph, being particularly averse to government intervention in industry. As a result, he ensured the company was majority owned by the private sector. The company thus began life with very high expectations: first, that a small start up could successfully commercialise the UK's scientific output in biotechnology, and second, that it could meet the profit expectations of private sector investors.[2]
Celltech's founding CEO was Gerard Fairtlough, who worked in the National Enterprise Board and saw the opportunities presented by biotechnology. He created the plan for Celltech and when the Board was created, it believed he was the best person to lead it. Fairtlough was an inspirational leader with innovative ideas on organisation.[3] In the decade that Fairtlough led Celltech, he not only helped found a significant scientific endeavour whose example led to improved ambition and ability to commercialise UK research, but introduced a new way of organising high technology firms.[4]
In 1999 Celltech led consolidation in the UK biosciences market merging with Chiroscience plc, after which it was briefly referred to as Celltech Chiroscience,[5][6] and then buying Medeva plc.[7] Then in 2000 it bought Cistron, a US biosciences business.[8] It expanded into Germany in 2001 buying Thiemann, a German biosciences business,[9] and went on to buy Oxford Glycosciences in July 2003 for £102m.[10] Celltech was acquired by UCB, a Belgian drugmaker, in 2004.[11]
Operations
editThe company was engaged in research and development of therapies for patients with serious diseases. Products included:[12]
- Tussionex for coughs
- Zaroxolyn for resistant edema
- Methylphenidate for ADHD
- Amphetamine for ADHD and narcolepsy, as 5 mg Dexedrine tablets
- Semprex-D, an antihistamine and decongestant
- Inotuzumab ozogamicin and gemtuzumab ozogamicin, both through Celltech's collaboration with Wyeth.[13]
Amongst the work conducted at Celltech was the cloning of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene in CHO cells leading to the creation of a biotechnology tool still widely used to express recombinant eukaryotic proteins.[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Dodgson, Mark (June 1990). "The Shock of the New: The Formation of Celltech and the British Technology Transfer System". Industry and Higher Education. 4 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1177/095042229000400205. ISSN 0950-4222.
- ^ Dodgson, M. (1990) Celltech: The First Ten Years of A Biotechnology Company, Discussion Paper Series, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, February 1990.
- ^ Fairtlough G (1994). "26. Innovation and Organization". In Dodgson M, Rothwell R (eds.). The Handbook of Industrial Innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 325–6. ISBN 1852786558.
- ^ Dodgson, Mark (1991). The Management of Technological Learning. de Gruyter Studies in Organization. Vol. 29. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 25–37. doi:10.1515/9783110867749. ISBN 978-3-11-086774-9.
- ^ Macalister, Terry (19 January 2000). "Biotech sector finds new life". The Guardian. London, England. p. 27. Retrieved 27 March 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Finch, Julia (16 June 1999). "£700m merger fuels biotech 'arms race'". The Guardian. London, England. p. 21. Retrieved 27 March 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ UK Biotech Industry Consolidates As Celltech Buys Medeva for $915m[permanent dead link]
- ^ UK's Celltech Buys Cistron of the US[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Celltech acquires German sales and marketing firm Thiemann for $44.6 m". The Pharma Letter. London. 11 September 2001.
- ^ ISIS Archived September 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Celltech sold to Belgian firm in £1.5bn deal". The Guardian (US ed.). 18 May 2004. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Businessweek: Celltech Group Archived September 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Damle, NK; Frost, P (August 2003). "Antibody-targeted chemotherapy with immunoconjugates of calicheamicin". Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 3 (4): 386–90. doi:10.1016/S1471-4892(03)00083-3. PMID 12901947.
- ^ Tim Harris. "A British Biotech Biopedia: Early Days in the U.K." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.