Wikipedia

Buldon

Buldon, officially the Municipality of Buldon (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Buldun; Iranun and Mëranaw: Inged a Buldon; Tagalog: Bayan ng Buldon), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 39,684 people.[3]

Buldon
بولدون
Municipality
Municipality of Buldon
Municipal Hall
Municipal Hall
Official seal of Buldon
Seal
Map of Maguindanao del Norte with Buldon highlighted
Map of Maguindanao del Norte with Buldon highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Buldon is located in Philippines
Buldon
Buldon
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 7°31′N 124°22′E / 7.52°N 124.37°E / 7.52; 124.37
Country Philippines
Region Bangsamoro
ProvinceMaguindanao del Norte
District Lone district
Barangays15 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorPahmia A. Manalao
 • Vice MayorAbolais A. Manalao
 • RepresentativeSittie Shahara "Dimple" I. Mastura
 • Municipal Council
Members
 • Electorate22,459 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total392.61 km2 (151.59 sq mi)
Elevation
408 m (1,339 ft)
Highest elevation
809 m (2,654 ft)
Lowest elevation
198 m (650 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total39,684
 • Density100/km2 (260/sq mi)
 • Households
6,309
Economy
 • Income class4th municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence
44.06
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 199.6 million (2020)
 • Assets₱ 61.55 million (2020)
 • Expenditure₱ 200.4 million (2020)
 • Liabilities₱ 13 million (2020)
Service provider
 • ElectricityMaguindanao Electric Cooperative (MAGELCO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
9615
PSGC
153802000
IDD : area code +63 (0)64
Native languagesMaguindanao
Maranao
Tagalog
Websitewww.buldon.gov.ph

The town was part of the province of Shariff Kabunsuan from October 2006 until its nullification by the Supreme Court in July 2008.

History

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Establishment and territorial changes

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Buldon was established through Republic Act No. 3419, approved on June 18, 1961, when twelve barrios and twenty sitios of Parang, then part of Cotabato, were separated. The seat of government was designated at Barrio Nabalawag.[5]

In 1977, through Presidential Decree No. 1188, part of its territory was constituted into a separate municipality of Barira, with eastern parts of barangays Nabalawag and Tugaig remained part of the mother municipality.[6]

Former Huk members mainly composed the migrants who later inhabited in present-day Buldon, as well as in Parang and other Muslim-dominated towns in Mindanao.[7] The Economic Development Corporation, at the time of its establishment in 1951 by then-President Ramon Magsaysay, opened two resettlement areas for them, both administered first by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Gallego was turned over to the Land Authority in 1976; same as another, Barira, to the Department of Agrarian Reform in 1972, prior to becoming part of the municipality of Barira.[8]

Buldon is among the municipalities inhabited mainly by the Iranun people, along with Matanog and Barira;[9] much parts of these had constituted the Camp Abubakar, the main camp of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) since the 1980s.[7][9] The local government units had held office in either Cotabato City or Parang since the Marcos presidency, with the municipal halls in Buldon and Matanog being almost vacant.[9]

Armed conflict

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Early incidents

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The municipality was among the sites of hostilities since early 1970s,[10] and even during negotiations between the national government and the MILF in the late 1990s.[11] The first recorded encounters occurred in Barangay Garigayan, where Bangon Aratuc led the Moro separatists in clashes with the Philippine Constabulary for more than a month, displacing thousands of civilians in the municipality.[12]

In August 1971, a battle occurred in the town between Muslim armed bands, the Blackshirts, and the constabulary. This was settled through a peace pact between a team of government negotiators and the Muslims, which also led to receiving aid for rehabilitation projects.[10] The Christian–Moro conflict was addressed in the 1980s, during the mayorship of Macarampat Manalao.[13]

1997 peace agreement

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Buldon was the site of the first phase of ceasefire which was declared for the municipality through what would be the first agreement signed by both panels, on January 27, 1997,[14] which was eventually elevated to a general ceasefire for Mindanao[15][16] upon signing of the Buldon Ceasefire Agreement in July 27,[15][16][17] although negotiations were left unfinished within the presidency of Fidel Ramos.[17] However, before negotiating panels from both sides were to conduct peace talks,[17][18] on January 16, the rebels fired at the military unit which escorting mayor Manalao, who attempted to visit the municipality where he had never held office since 1995, in Garigayan, as the latter reportedly entered the MILF defense perimeter at Camp Abubakar,[19] leaving 22 people, including two soldiers, dead.[20][21] Thereafter, clashes erupted in Barangays Kabayuan and Garigayan,[22] and ended when a local agreement was eventually signed.[18][19][23] At least 33 were killed from both sides.[22][24]

On March 16, eleven people were killed in a shelling of an Islamic school by the Philippine Army.[25] On June 19–20, 80 heavily-armed members of the MILF launched an attack, government troops later retaliated. Among the casualties were a soldier and several guerillas.[26] Clashes also occurred in Upper Minabay in 1998.[11]

2000 battles

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Buldon, situated less than 10 kilometers from the camp,[27] was among those municipalities where series of battles occurred, leading to the camp's fall in 2000.[7]

Post-battle

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After a ceasefire agreement was signed by both sides in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in August 2001, on September 27, however, a hundred MILF fighters stormed a vacant military outpost; clashes with government troops followed, killing eight army soldiers and up to 36 MILF members.[28]

Geography

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Barangays

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Buldon is politically subdivided into 15 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

  • Ampuan
  • Aratuc
  • Cabayuan
  • Calaan (Poblacion)
  • Karim
  • Dinganen
  • Edcor (Gallego Edcor)
  • Kulimpang
  • Mataya
  • Minabay
  • Nuyo
  • Oring
  • Pantawan
  • Piers
  • Rumidas

Climate

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Climate data for Buldon, Maguindanao
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28
(82) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		28
(82) 		28
(82)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22
(72) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		22
(72)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 236
(9.3) 		225
(8.9) 		244
(9.6) 		235
(9.3) 		304
(12.0) 		287
(11.3) 		200
(7.9) 		175
(6.9) 		158
(6.2) 		200
(7.9) 		287
(11.3) 		243
(9.6) 		2,794
(110.2)
Average rainy days 24.3 22.3 26.0 27.2 28.3 27.2 25.8 24.8 22.2 25.4 27.2 25.8 306.5
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[29]

Demographics

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Population census of Buldon
YearPop.±% p.a.
1918 686—    
1939 2,693+6.73%
1970 18,549+6.42%
1975 16,383−2.46%
1980 12,350−5.49%
1990 22,730+6.29%
1995 24,209+1.19%
2000 26,903+2.29%
2007 36,937+4.47%
2010 33,729−3.25%
2015 35,282+0.86%
2020 39,684+2.34%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[30][31][32][33]

Economy

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Poverty Incidence of Buldon

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000
61.72
2003
50.69
2006
45.10
2009
53.38
2012
65.12
2015
60.79
2018
66.80
2021
44.06

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]

Gross Domestic Product

The Gross Domestic Product of the Municipality (2022) is 13,772,400,000(PHP).

References

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  1. ^  Municipality of Buldon | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "Bangsamoro (BARMM)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Republic Act No. 3419". The LawPhil Project. Arellano Law Foundation. June 18, 1961. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  6. ^ "Presidential Decree No. 1188". The Corpus Juris. The Corpus Juris. October 18, 1977. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c Restoring a fragile peace: The 2000 Battle for Central Mindanao (PDF). Fort Bonifacio, Taguig: Operations Research Center, Philippine Army. 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  8. ^ Land tenure stories in Central Mindanao. Davao City: Local Governance Support Program in ARMM. 2009. ISBN 978-971-94065-8-7. Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via Issuu.
  9. ^ a b c Quimpo, Nathan Gilbert (October 2004). Contested Democracy and the Left in the Philippines after Marcos (thesis) (PDF). Canberra, Australia: Australian National University. Retrieved April 12, 2024 – via ANU Open Research Library.
  10. ^ a b Domingo, Ruben (June 1995). The Muslim Secessionist Movement in the Philippines: issues and prospects (PDF). California: Naval Postgraduate School. p. 27. Retrieved April 11, 2024 – via CORE.
  11. ^ a b Santos, Soliman Jr. (January 2005). Delays in the Peace Negotiations between the Philippine Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front: Causes and Prescriptions (PDF). Washington, D.C.: East-West Center Washington. p. 8. Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via ETH Zurich.
  12. ^ Unson, John (June 19, 2006). "Cotabato City rises from conflict". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  13. ^ Dedumo, Marlon Peter (October 28, 2017). "There's more to life in Buldon than rido". NDBC News. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  14. ^ Hermoso, Dickson (July–October 2007). "GRP–MILF Peace Process: Review and Prospects". Autonomy and Peace Review. Vol. 3. Institute for Autonomy and Governance; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. p. 61. Retrieved April 12, 2024 – via Calameo.
  15. ^ a b Luga, Alan (2002). Muslim insurgency in Mindanao, Philippines (thesis) (PDF). Kansas. pp. 72–73. Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via dtic.mil.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ a b Wiehler, Claudia (April 29, 2021). "Deciding on the Tit for the Tat: Decision-Making in the Wake of Ceasefire Violations". tandfonline.com. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  17. ^ a b c "G.R. No. 183591". Supreme Court E-Library. Supreme Court. October 14, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  18. ^ a b Espejo, Edwin (February 12, 2011). "Commentary: The MILF: Full circle again". MindaNews. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  19. ^ a b The Mindanao think tank: Perspectives, issues, and concerns on the Mindanao peace process; Monograph 4 of 4 (PDF). Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. September 2010. p. 10. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  20. ^ Eric, Gutierrez; Borras, Saturnino Jr. (2004). Policy Studies 8: The Moro Conflict: Landlessness and Misdirected State Policies (PDF). Washington, D.C.: East-West Center Washington. p. 23. Retrieved April 12, 2024 – via ETH Zurich.
  21. ^ "Terrorism Review (CIA FOIA)". Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. Central Intelligence Agency. February 1, 1997. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  22. ^ a b "History". 6th Infantry (Kampilan) Division. Philippine Army. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  23. ^ "MILF violates ceasefire agreement?". The World Tonight, ABS-CBN News. January 28, 1997. Retrieved April 12, 2024 – via Philippine Foundation Network, Inc.
  24. ^ "Muslim rebels ambush soldiers in south". United Press International. January 24, 1997. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  25. ^ "Students kin demand 'blood money'". United Press International. May 22, 1997. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  26. ^ "Clash leaves several rebels dead". United Press International. June 20, 1997. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  27. ^ Unson, John (May 22, 2000). "2 soldiers killed in MILF attack". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  28. ^ Gubal, Mama (October 2, 2001). "44 Killed in Buldon Clashes, Says Army". Arab News. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  29. ^ "Buldon, Maguindanao : Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  30. ^ Census of Population (2015). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  31. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  32. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  33. ^ "Province of Maguindanao". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  34. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  35. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
  36. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
  37. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
  38. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
  39. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
  40. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  41. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
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