Boselaphini

Boselaphini
	Nilgai
	Four-horned antelope
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Bovinae
Tribe:	Boselaphini; Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907
Genera
	Tetracerus; Boselaphus; and see text.

Boselaphini is a tribe of bovines. It contains only two extant genera, each with a single extant species.

Description

The Boselaphini or four-horned antelope tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the broader subfamily. The oldest fossil members of the tribe, such as Eotragus, date to the Miocene about 18 to 20 million years ago. Such fossils possessed horns very similar to those of males belonging to the two living species, although in some cases, they were also present in females.^[1]

Both extant species have relatively primitive anatomical and behavioural characteristics and the females have no horns. They are native to the rapidly diminishing forests of India, and tend to avoid open plains. The nilgai has been introduced into southern Texas where a population of a little under 15,000 animals provides some long-term insurance for its survival.^{[citation needed]}

Genera

Extant species

Image	Genus	Species
	Boselaphus Blainville, 1816	nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
	Tetracerus Leach, 1825	four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis)

Phylogeny

The following are the genera classified under the tribe. Genera marked with † are extinct.^[2]

Tribe Boselaphini

Boselaphus
- Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai or blue bull (not to be confused with the extinct bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus)
†Elachistoceras
†Duboisia
†Dystychoceras
†Eotragus
†Kipsigicerus
†Mesembriportax
†?Miotragocerus
†Pachyportax
†Perimia
†Phronetragus
†Pliodorcas
†Plioportax
†Proboselaphus
†Protragocerus
†Ruticeros
†Samokeros
†Selenoportax
†Sivaportax
†Sivoreas
†Strogulognathus
Tetracerus
- Tetracerus quadricornis - Four-horned antelope^[3]
†?Tragoportax
†Tragoreas

References

^ Kostopoulos, D.S. (2005). "The Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akkaşdaği, Turkey" (PDF). Geodiversitas. 27 (4): 747–791. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-12-02.
^ Haaramo, M. "Mikko's Phylogency Archive (Boselaphini)". Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ Leslie, D.M. & Sharma K. (2009). "Tetracerus quadricornis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)". Mammalian Species (843): 1–11. doi:10.1644/843.1.

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[Kostopoulos2005-1] Kostopoulos, D.S. (2005). "The Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akkaşdaği, Turkey" (PDF). Geodiversitas. 27 (4): 747–791. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-12-02.

[2] Haaramo, M. "Mikko's Phylogency Archive (Boselaphini)". Retrieved 25 March 2011.

[3] Leslie, D.M. & Sharma K. (2009). "Tetracerus quadricornis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)". Mammalian Species (843): 1–11. doi:10.1644/843.1.

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