Benedict Nichols, also spelt Nicholls (died 25 June 1433), was a priest and bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, successively a parish priest in England, a canon of Salisbury Cathedral, and Bishop of Bangor and Bishop of St David's in Wales.
Benedict Nichols | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of St David's | |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | St David's |
| Installed | 1 June 1418 |
| Term ended | 25 June 1433 |
| Predecessor | Stephen Patrington |
| Successor | Thomas Rodburn |
| Other post(s) | Bishop of Bangor, 1408 to 1417 |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | unknown |
| Consecration | 1408 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | unknown |
| Died | 25 June 1433 St David's |
| Nationality | English |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
He took part in the trial of Sir John Oldcastle in 1413 and in 1415 was with King Henry V at the capture of Harfleur.
Life
editNichols is recorded as holding the benefice of Conington, in Cambridgeshire,[1] and immediately before becoming a bishop was rector of Stalbridge in Dorset and a canon of Salisbury Cathedral in Wiltshire.[2]
Nichols's first major chance of preferment came with the collapse of the Glyndŵr Rising against the English in Wales, led by Owain Glyndŵr. King Henry IV was anxious to replace Lewis Byford, a supporter of Glyndŵr, as Bishop of Bangor, and John Trevor, a brother-in-law of Glyndŵr's, as Bishop of St Asaph. On 1 May 1408, at Lucca, Pope Gregory XII was persuaded to relieve Bishop Lewis Byford from his obligation to his see, even though Byford had not been heard, and to provide Nichols to the vacancy.[2] Nichols was consecrated on 12 August 1408, and by October 1409, with the English forces having strengthened their hold on Wales, it was possible for him to be enthroned at Bangor Cathedral.[3]
On 25 September 1413 Nichols was present at the trial for heresy of Sir John Oldcastle, leader of the Lollards, by an ecclesiastical court.[4] One writer later noted that Nichols "acquired dishonorable celebrity in the early period of the reformation, from being one of the bishops who assisted the archbishop of Canterbury in the condemnation of Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, for heresy".[5]
Early in 1415, Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, commissioned Nichols to lay the foundation stone for Sheen Priory.[6]
In September 1415, Nichols was in the service of King Henry V at the capture of Harfleur, serving as Chaplain of the King's retinue, when on the instructions of the king he was placed in charge of a group of hostages.[7] He told them
Do not be afraid, and do not suspect that we will do you any harm. Our lord, the King of England, does not come to France to ruin the country which by right is his own. He will not behave at Harfleur as your own countrymen behaved at Soissons. We are good Christians.[8]
He was translated to St David's on 15 December 1417, the Pope's bull to effect this being dated "xviii Cal. Januar.", made the profession of obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury on 12 February 1417/18, and received possession of the temporalities there on 1 June 1418.[9] He was succeeded at Bangor by William Barrow, who had previously served as Chancellor of the University of Oxford.[10]
In 1431, Nichols confirmed that the vicars choral of St David's Cathedral were to sit and stand in the choir in accordance with the Sarum Use.[11]
He died in office at St David's on 25 June 1433,[12] leaving a Will dated 4 June 1433 which was proved on 14 August, and was entombed in the cathedral, where the whereabouts of his tomb is now unknown. It has been suggested that one of the defaced monuments in the south aisle may be his.[1]
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ a b George William Manby, The history and antiquities of the Parish of Saint David, South-Wales, p. 146
- ^ a b Sir John Edward Lloyd, Owen Glendower: Owen Glyn Dŵr (1931), p. 134: "On May 1st, 1408, at Lucca, Gregory XII was induced to relieve Lewis, bishop of Bangor, although absent (and, incidentally, unheard) from his obligation to his see, and to provide to the vacancy Benedict Nicholls, a canon of Salisbury and rector of Stalbridge in Dorsetshire. Immediately on receipt of the bull, Nicholls obtained from the crown a grant of the..."
- ^ R. R. Davies, The Age of Conquest: Wales, 1063-1415 (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 447
- ^ Thomas Walsingham, ed. David Preest, James G. Clark, The Chronica maiora of Thomas Walsingham, 1376-1422, p. 392
- ^ Edward Wedlake Brayley, John Britton, The Beauties of England and Wales (1815), p. 852
- ^ Surrey archaeological collections: relating to the history and antiquities of the county, vol. 71 (Surrey Archaeological Society, 1977), p. 149
- ^ Nicholas Harris Nicolas, History of the Battle of Agincourt, pp. 207-208
- ^ Christopher Hibbert, Agincourt (2000), p. 64
- ^ John Le Neve, Thomas Duffus Hardy, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: or a calendar of the principal ecclesiastical dignitaries in England and Wales, and of the chief officers in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, from the earliest time to the year 1760 (Oxford University Press, 1854), vol. 1, p. 296
- ^ Ebenezer Josiah Newell, A history of the Welsh church to the dissolution of the monasteries (E. Stock, 1895), p. 373
- ^ Sally Harper, Music in Welsh culture before 1650: a study of the principal sources (2007), p. 204
- ^ William Basil Jones, Edward Augustus Freeman, The history and antiquities of Saint David's (1856), p. 307