Avraham "Bren" Adan (Hebrew: אברהם "ברן" אדן; 5 October 1926[2] – 28 September 2012) was an Israeli major-general and author. Prior to Israel's independence, he served with the Palmach, an elite formation within the Haganah paramilitary force of the Yishuv community in British Mandatory Palestine. Adan fought under the Haganah and later under the newly formed Israel Defense Forces during the First Arab–Israeli War, and was photographed while raising the Israeli Ink Flag at the site of what is now Eilat to mark the end of the war.[3] He served with the Israel Defense Forces from 1948 to 1977, and fought in all of the major Arab–Israeli wars that occurred during that period.
Avraham Adan | |
|---|---|
_-_ALUF_AVRAHAM_ADAN.jpg) Adan near the Suez Canal on 27 October 1973 | |
| Native name | אברהם אדן |
| Nickname(s) | Bren (ברן)[1] |
| Born | 5 October 1926 Kfar Giladi, Mandatory Palestine |
| Died | 28 September 2012 (aged 85) Ramat HaSharon, Israel |
| Allegiance |  Israel |
| Service |  Palmach Israel Defense Forces |
| Years of service | 1943–1948 (Palmach) 1948–1977 (IDF) |
| Rank |  Aluf |
| Commands | |
| Engagements |
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| Signature |  |
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Biography
editAdan was born into a Jewish family on 5 October 1926 in Kfar Giladi, British Mandatory Palestine; he was born with the surname Eidelson, but later changed it to Adan as part of a Hebraization process.[4][3][5] In 1943, he joined the Palmach, an elite force of the Haganah paramilitary organization that operated on part of the Yishuv community in British Palestine.[5] During the First Arab–Israeli War, Adan was a company commander in the 8th battalion of the Negev Brigade, and participated in Operation Uvda, in which the brigade successfully captured the Jordanian-held outpost of Umm al-Rashrash—now known as Eilat—at the southernmost tip of the newly created country.[6] Adan, then a captain in the newly formed Israel Defense Forces (IDF), was photographed while raising the Ink Flag of the State of Israel at the site. The photograph has since become an icon, and has been compared to Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, an iconic photograph in which six United States Marines are raising the American flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II.[7]
In 1949, Adan joined the Israeli Armoured Corps and founded the first M4 Sherman tank unit of the IDF. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, he commanded the 82nd battalion of the 7th Armoured Brigade in the Sinai Peninsula, decisively defeating Egyptian forces in the region. After the war, Adan became the operations officer of the Armoured Corps and later the commander of the 7th Armoured Brigade as well as the Armoured Corps School.[6] During the Third Arab–Israeli War, he was the deputy commander of the Armoured Corps and of the 31st Armoured Division, where he once again engaged Egyptian forces in the Sinai. On 10 March 1969, he became the commander of the Armoured Corps.
Adan was defending the northern portion of the Suez Canal in the Sinai—occupied by Israel in its entirety during the 1967 war—when the Fourth Arab–Israeli War broke out in October 1973.[7] During the war, he served as the commander of the 162nd Division, which suffered severe losses from 6–8 October during repeated attempts to stop the Egyptian assault and push Egyptian forces back across the canal. Later during the war, Adan led his unit across the canal and into Egyptian territory north of the Great Bitter Lake during Operation Stouthearted Men, and subsequently maneuvered his forces southward to Suez City, where they surrounded the Egyptian Third Army.
From 1974 to 1977, he served as the military attaché at the Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C.[5]
Adan was a co-founder of the kibbutzim of Nirim and Gvulot, located in the Negev Desert near the Palestinian Gaza Strip.[7]
Published works
edit- On Both Banks of the Suez (1979) – Idanim Publishing
- Up to the Ink Flag (1984) – Ministry of Defense Publishing
References
edit- ^ Tuohy, William (30 August 1990). "Tank Wizard's Advice: Play the Terrain : Military: Israeli general says it is easier to fight from a defensive position". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
Adan--he is called "Bren," after the Bren gun he carried in the 1948-49 Israeli War of Independence--is 64 now, but he is still on call in case of war.
- ^ Most sources give his birth year as 1926: (Jerusalem Post; YNetNews; The Independent); but this Ha'aretz article has it as 1925.
- ^ a b "General Avraham Adan: Soldier who raised the 'Ink Flag' that signalled". The Independent. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ Levy, Elior (28 September 2012). "General Avraham 'Bren' Adan passes away". Ynetnews. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ a b c Levy, Elior (28 September 2012). "General Avraham 'Bren' Adan passes away". YNet News. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ a b Hashavia (1981), p. 124
- ^ a b c Aderet, Ofer (29 September 2012). "Former IDF general Israeli icon Avraham Adan dies at 86". Haaretz. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
Bibliography
edit
- Hashavia, Aryeh (1981). "Armored Corps". IDF in its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Vol. 7. Revivim Publishing.