The Asturian or Astur-Leonese dynasty (Spanish dinastía asturiana or astur-leonesa, Asturian dinastía asturllionesa), known in Arabic as the Banī Adhfūnsh ("sons of Alfonso"),[1] was the ruling family of the kingdom of Asturias and León from 739 until 1037. Under their rule, the Astur-Leonese kingdom went from a small mountain enclave to one of the dominant powers in Hispania.

The Victory Cross, a symbol of the Astur-Leonese dynasty

The first ruling family of Asturias lasted only two generations: Pelagius (718–737) and Fafila (737–739). The latter was succeeded by his brother-in-law, Alfonso I, the son of Duke Peter of Cantabria and husband of Fafila's sister, Ermesinda. He founded a dynasty that was to last almost 300 years.[2]

For the first century, rule alternated between Alfonso's descendants and those of his brother, Fruela of Cantabria. With the death of Alfonso I's grandson, Alfonso II (842), Fruela's descendants took the throne permanently, headed by Ramiro I. At the death of Alfonso III (910), the kingdom was divided between his sons. The 10th century was thus characterized by family infighting, which was only brought to an end by the succession of Bermudo II in 984. During this period, however, the power of the neighbouring Kingdom of Pamplona waxed and in 1034 the Pamplonans captured León. The rule of the dynasty was brought to an end three years later when Bermudo III was killed in battle against his brother-in-law, Ferdinand of Castile, of the Jiménez dynasty of Pamplona, who thereafter assumed the throne.

The historiography produced by and for the dynasty, such as the Chronicle of Alfonso III (late 9th century), made Duke Peter a descendant of the Visigothic king Reccared I and stressed the dynasty's supposed Gothic descent.[3]

Family tree

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Family tree of the Astur-Leonese dynasty
Pelagius
King of Asturias
718-737
Peter
duke of Cantabria
Favila
King of Asturias
737-739
ErmesindaAlfonso I
King of Asturias
739-757
Fruela
duke of Cantabria
Silo
King of Asturias
774-783
AdosindaFruela I
King of Asturias
757-768
(illegitimate)
Mauregatus
King of Asturias
783-789
Aurelius
King of Asturias
768-774
Bermudo I
King of Asturias
789-791 (abd.)
† 797
Sancho Díaz
count of Saldaña
JimenaAlfonso II
King of Asturias
791-842
Nepotian
King of Asturias
842
Peter TheonRamiro I
King of Asturias
842-850
kinsmen
Bernardo del CarpioVímara Peres
Count of Portugal
868-873
Ordoño I
King of Asturias
850-866
Fruela
usurper
866
COUNTS OF PORTUGALAlfonso III
King of Asturias
866-909 (abd.)
† 910
García I
King of León
909-914
Ordoño II
King of
Galicia 909-924
& León 914-924
Fruela II
King of
Asturias 909-925
Galicia & León
924-925
Ramiro
pretender
Sancho Ordóñez
King of Galicia
926-929
Alfonso IV
King of
León 926-931 &
Galicia 929-931
(abd.) † 933
Ramiro II
King of León
931-951
Alfonso Fróilaz
King of León
925-926
(dethr.) † 932
Ordoño IV
King of León
958-960
(dethr.) † c.962
Urraca FernándezOrdoño III
King of León
951-956
Elvira
Ramírez

regent
Sancho I
King of León
956-958 (dethr.)
960-966
Bermudo II
King of
Galicia 982-999
& León 984-999
Ramiro III
King of León
966-84
(dethr.) † 985
(illegitimate)
Ordoño Bermúdez
Alfonso V
King of León
999-1028
ChristinaOrdoño
Sancho Ordóñez (count)SanchaFerdinand I
of Castile

King of León
from 1037
Jimena SánchezBermudo III
King of León
1028-1037
Ordoño

Notes

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  1. ^ Thus Ibn Khaldun in a chapter on "the kings of the sons of Alfonso of Galicia, kings of Spain after the Goths" in his Kitab al-Ibar. See Justin Stearns, "Two passages in Ibn al-Khaṭīb's account of the kings of Christian Iberia", Al-Qanṭara 25.1 (2004): 157–182.
  2. ^ Roger Collins, The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–797 (Basil Blackwell, 1989), pp. 151–152.
  3. ^ Julio Escalona, "Family Memories: Inventing Alfonso I of Asturias", in Building Legitimacy: Political Discourses and Forms of Legitimation in Medieval Societies, ed. I. Alfonso, H. Kennedy and J. Escalona (Leiden: Brill, 2004), pp. 223–62.

References

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