Arthur Mitchell (March 27, 1934 – September 19, 2018)[1] was an American ballet dancer, choreographer, and founder and director of ballet companies. In 1955, he was the first African-American dancer with the New York City Ballet, where he was promoted to principal dancer the following year and danced in major roles until 1966. He then founded ballet companies in Spoleto, Washington, D.C., and Brazil. In 1969, he founded a training school and the first African-American classical ballet company, Dance Theatre of Harlem. Among other awards, Mitchell was recognized as a MacArthur Fellow, inducted into the National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame, and received the United States National Medal of Arts and a Fletcher Foundation fellowship.
Arthur Mitchell | |
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 Arthur Mitchell in 1955 by Carl Van Vechten | |
| Born | March 27, 1934 Harlem, New York City, U.S. |
| Died | September 19, 2018 (aged 84) Manhattan, New York City, U.S. |
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Early life
editMitchell was one of four siblings, the son of a building superintendent, and grew up in the streets of Harlem, New York.[1] Forced at the age of 12 to assume financial responsibility for his family in the wake of his father's incarceration, Mitchell worked numerous jobs, including shoe-shining, mopping floors, newspaper delivery, and work in a meat shop. Despite his duties, Mitchell became involved with street gangs, though this did not ultimately deter him from finding success.[2]
As a teenager, Mitchell was encouraged by a guidance counselor to apply for admission to the High School of Performing Arts.[1] Upon being accepted he decided to work towards having a career in classical ballet. Following his graduation in the early 1950s, he won a dance award and scholarship to study at the School of American Ballet, the school affiliated with the New York City Ballet.[1] In 1954, following his 1952 Broadway debut in the opera Four Saints in Three Acts, Mitchell would return to Broadway to perform in the Harold Arlen musical House of Flowers,[1] alongside Diahann Carroll, Geoffrey Holder, Alvin Ailey, Carmen de Lavallade, and Pearl Bailey.[3]
New York City Ballet
editIn 1955 Mitchell made his debut as the first African American with the New York City Ballet (NYCB), performing in Western Symphony.[1] Rising to the position of principal dancer with the company in 1956, he performed in all the major ballets in its repertoire, including A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Nutcracker, Bugaku, Agon, and Arcade.[4]
Choreographer and director of the NYCB George Balanchine created the pas de deux in Agon, especially for Mitchell and the white Southern ballerina Diana Adams.[1] Audience members initially complained about partnering Mitchell with a white woman, but Balanchine refused to change the pairing. Although Mitchell danced this role with white partners throughout the world, he could not perform it on commercial television in the United States until 1968, when the performance aired on Johnny Carson's The Tonight Show.[4]
Mitchell left the New York City Ballet in 1966 to appear in several Broadway shows, and helped found ballet companies in Spoleto, Washington, D.C., and Brazil, where he directed a dance company. The company he founded in Brazil was the National Ballet Company of Brazil.[4]
Dance Theatre of Harlem
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After the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968, Mitchell returned to Harlem, where he was determined to provide opportunities in dance for the children in that community. A year later, he and his teacher, Karel Shook, inaugurated a classical ballet school.[1][5] Mitchell had $25,000 of his own money to start the school. About a year later he received $315,000 in a matching funds grant from the Ford Foundation.[2] The Dance Theatre of Harlem (DTH) was born in 1969 with 30 children in a church basement in a community where resources of talent and creative energy were virtually untapped. Two months later, Mitchell had attracted 400 youngsters to attend classes. Two years later they presented their first productions as a professional company. Mitchell used his personal savings to convert a garage into the company's home.[4][6]
In Harlem, DTH created an explosion of professional opportunity in dance, music, and other related theater activities. The school has an outstanding number of former students who have been successfully engaged in careers as dancers and musicians, as technicians in production, stagecraft, and wardrobe, and in instruction and arts administration. With this success, DTH challenged the classical dance world to review its stereotypes and revise its boundaries.[4]
Legacy
editThe Arthur Mitchell Collection is held at the Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University.[7] Arthur Mitchell: Harlem's Ballet Trailblazer, an exhibition celebrating his life and career, opened at the Wallach Art Gallery at Columbia on January 12, 2018. The exhibition Web site contains numerous images and documents from the collection, as well as a timeline of Mitchell's career, a repertory list for the Dance Theatre of Harlem, and original essays.[8]
Death
editHe died on September 19, 2018, from renal failure.[9]
Honors
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Mitchell received numerous awards in recognition of his groundbreaking work and achievements, including:
- 1989 – Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[10][11]
- 1993 – Kennedy Center Honors, one of the youngest persons recognized.[2][12]
- 1994 – Named as a MacArthur Fellow.[13]
- 1995 – United States National Medal of Arts, presented by the President[14]
- 1999 – Inducted into the National Museum of Dance C.V. Whitney Hall of Fame, Saratoga Springs, New York.[15]
- 2001 – The 7th Annual Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities.[16]
- 2005 – Awarded a Fletcher Foundation fellowship in its inaugural year, in recognition of his contributions to African-American culture.[17]
- 2006 – Mitchell and the Dance Theatre of Harlem were honored with a dinner at the White House by President George W. Bush.[18]
In addition, Mitchell received honorary doctorates from numerous leading universities, including University of North Carolina School of the Arts (1985),[19] Juilliard School (1990),[20] Hamilton College, Brown University (1996),[21] City College of New York, Harvard University,[22] The New School for Social Research, Williams College,[22] Yale University (2001),[23] Southern Methodist University (2009)[24] and Columbia University (2016).[25] He also received awards from the City of New York and community organizations.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Jennifer Dunning: Arthur Mitchell Is Dead at 84; Showed the Way for Black Dancers The New York Times
- ^ a b c "Arthur Mitchell". National Visionary Leadership Project.
- ^ House of Flowers ibdb.com
- ^ a b c d e Arthur Mitchell, the-ballet.com; accessed March 27, 2016.
- ^ Arthur Mitchell, trailblazing US ballet dancer, dies at 84 The Guardian September 20, 2018
- ^ "Arthur Mitchell". www.kennedy-center.org. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- ^ Kourlas, Gia (May 15, 2015). "Columbia Acquires Archives of Arthur Mitchell, Dance Pioneer". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ "Arthur Mitchell: Harlem's Ballet Trailblazer". Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
- ^ "Arthur Mitchell, the 'Jackie Robinson' of ballet, dies at 84". Los Angeles Times. September 20, 2018.
- ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ "Catherine B. Reynolds to Chair Dance Theatre of Harlem Board". The Washington Post.
- ^ Arthur Mitchell profile Archived August 18, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, theblackmarket.com; accessed May 23, 2008.
- ^ Arthur Mitchell macfound.org
- ^ Arthur Mitchell arts.gov
- ^ Inductees Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine dancemuseum.org
- ^ Arthur Mitchell at The Heinz Awards
- ^ Elizabeth Alexander Receives Alphonse Fletcher, Sr. Fellowship graywolfpress.org
- ^ "In Performance at the White House: Dance Theatre of Harlem" Honors Arthur Mitchell weta.org
- ^ Honorary Doctorates uncsa.edu
- ^ Robert E. Toamsson: An opera star, an actor, a dance director and a Chicago Democrat whom some have called the best friend the arts have in Congress will receive honorary doctorates May 18 from the Juilliard School. The New York Times
- ^ Commencement 1996 / Brown will award nine honorary degrees at Commencement May 27 brown.edu
- ^ a b Remembering Arthur Mitchell, First Black Dancer to Join New York City Ballet blackexcellence.com
- ^ Honorary Doctorate to Arthur Mitchell balletalert.invisionzone.com
- ^ Arthur Mitchell / Doctor of Arts 2009 / Status: conferred smu.edu
- ^ Arthur Mitchell to receive honorary degree from Columbia University danceinforma.us 2016
Further reading
edit- Miles, J. H., J. J. Davis, S. E. Ferguson-Roberts, and R. G. Giles (2001). Almanac of African American Heritage. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall Press.
- Potter, J. (2002). African American Firsts. New York, NY: Kensington Publishing Corp.
- Levine, Debra, "Talking with Dance Theatre of Harlem's co-founder Arthur Mitchell", Los Angeles Times, July 6, 2010
External links
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- Dance Theatre of Harlem
- Arthur Mitchell's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
- Tufts E-news (Tufts University) re Arthur Mitchell
- Infoplease (2007)
- The John F. Kennedy Center for The Performing Arts (2007)
- Finding Aid to the Arthur Mitchell Collection at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library
- Arthur Mitchell: Harlem's Ballet Trailblazer (2018), an exhibition at Columbia University
- Arthur Mitchell at IMDb
- Arthur Mitchell / New York City Ballet-Principal / Dance Theatre of Harlem- Co-founder Artistic Director Emerita mobballet.org
- Taliah Mancini: Dance Theatre of Harlem at The Broad Stage: A Review ladancechronicle.com 26 April 2018