Wikipedia

André Ventura

In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Amaral and the second or paternal family name is Ventura.

André Claro Amaral Ventura (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈdɾɛ vẽˈtuɾɐ]; born 15 January 1983) is a Portuguese politician, university teacher, former sports pundit, and founder of the right-wing populist political party Chega.[1][2]

André Ventura
Ventura in 2024
President of Chega
Incumbent
Assumed office
9 April 2019
Preceded byParty established
Member of the Assembly of the Republic
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 October 2019
ConstituencyLisbon
Member of the Council of State
Incumbent
Assumed office
19 June 2024
Appointed byAssembly of the Republic
Member of the Moura Municipal Assembly
Incumbent
Assumed office
26 September 2021
Member of the Loures City Council
In office
23 October 2017 – 26 October 2018
Personal details
Born (1983-01-15) 15 January 1983 (age 41)
Algueirão, Sintra, Portugal
Political partyChega (since 2019)
Other political
affiliations		Social Democratic Party (2001–2018)
Spouse
Dina Marques Nunes
​
(m. 2016)​
Alma materNOVA University Lisbon
University College Cork
WebsiteTwitter Facebook

Ventura was affiliated with the Social Democratic Party (PSD) until 2018, having run for Mayor of Loures in 2017 as the PSD candidate. He founded the political party Chega in April 2019 and six months later was elected to the Assembly of the Republic in the October 2019 legislative election. In 2021, he ran for President of Portugal, coming third in the election with 11.9% of the votes. In the 2024 Portuguese legislative election, Chega, under his leadership, received 18.1% of the vote, more than quadrupling its seat count to a final total of 50.[3]

Education and youth

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Ventura is the son of the owner of a small local bicycle shop,[4] and an office worker. He is a native of Algueirão–Mem Martins, Sintra, a suburban locality in the Lisbon metropolitan area. Unlike his peers, he was not raised in a religion because his parents wanted him to choose his own.[5] At 14, he became an enthusiastic Catholic, was baptised, and made his first communion and confirmation. He wanted to be a priest and attended the Penafirme Seminary, the minor seminary of the Patriarchate of Lisbon, but said he did not continue his ecclesiastical formation because he fell in love.[6][5] He graduated in law from the Law Faculty of NOVA University Lisbon, with a grade of 19 out of 20.[7] As a law student he took part in the ERASMUS Programme in Salamanca, Spain.[8]

In 2013, he finished his PhD thesis in public law from the Faculty of Law, University College Cork, Ireland,[9] with a scholarship from the Portuguese national science foundation, the Foundation for Science and Technology.[10] In the thesis, he criticised "criminal populism" and "stigmatisation of minorities", and revealed concern about the "expansion of police powers".[11][12] In a 2019 interview to Diário de Notícias addressing the apparent contradictions between the issues raised in his PhD thesis and his later political views, Ventura said he has "always made a distinction between science and opinion" and called his thesis "scientific analysis, not ideological postulate".[13]

He published two novels, Montenegro in 2008, and A Última Madrugada do Islão ("The Last Dawn of Islam") in 2009, both with significant elements of female submission and homoeroticism.[14][15] Notably, in Montenegro, the word "intifada" is used four times: three times as a metaphor for strength and courage, and once when describing the act of sexual penetration.[14] The publication of A Última Madrugada do Islão, a novel about the death of Yasser Arafat, was suspended by the publishers, Chiado Editora, for its "incendiary potential", for its gratuitous references to Muhammad and the leaders of the Palestine Liberation Organization.[16]

Career

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He taught at the Autonomous University of Lisbon, from 2013 to 2019, and at NOVA, from 2016 to 2018.[17] He worked at Caiado Guerreiro, a prominent Portuguese law firm, from 2018 to 2019,[18] and was a consultant at Finpartner, a tax advising firm,[19] for 9 months until 2020. He also had a column in the newspaper Correio da Manhã, the most widely read daily newspaper in the country,[20] and, from 2014 to 2020, was a football commentator representing S.L. Benfica's point of view[21][22] on the TV channel CMTV.[18] He is also a jurist-consultant of the Tax Authority (AT) where he was employed from 2011 to 2014. As a Portuguese civil servant, he was granted leave[23] from AT without pay since 2014 to teach and ultimately offer tax consultancy and advisory services in the private sector, and had also previously enjoyed the right to be absent from his workplace in the public sector due to his student-worker status as an international doctoral student until 2013.[19][18][24]

In an interview in July 2017, in response to Ventura's statements about Portuguese Romani people, José Pinto Coelho (leader of far-right and previously named National Renewal Party) wrote that "unfortunately, it seems, some of 'my people' are still in the parties of the system". In another, Ventura said that he "vehemently repudiates the support of the far-right".[25][26] In the course of the same campaign, Ventura made several controversial statements about the romani community in the municipality of Loures,[27] having become the target of a criminal complaint presented by the opposing candidate from the Left Bloc, headed by Fabian Figueiredo.[28] He is accused by Pinto Coelho of stealing the speech from the National Renewal Party.[29] In October 2017, Ventura stated that he was ready to dispute the leadership of the PSD, in case nobody else advanced against Rui Rio.[30]

On 9 April 2019, he founded the political party Chega, and three days later he joined the Basta! coalition for the 2019 European Parliamentary Elections. Failing to elect any MEP, the coalition was dissolved on 30 July 2019. He ran in the 2019 Portuguese legislative elections as the main candidate of Chega's electoral list for the Lisbon constituency; he was the party's first and single member to be elected to Parliament. He claims to have positions that are "economically liberal, culturally nationalist and conservative in matters of customs".[31][5]

Member of the Assembly of the Republic

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Ventura in the Assembly of the Republic

André Ventura was elected a member of the Assembly of the Republic for the Lisbon constituency in the 2019 Portuguese legislative election. He claims to be "the voice of common people" and an "anti-system politician". In September 2020, he presented a proposal to decrease the number of deputies from 230 to 100, which was ruled unconstitutional by the Committee on Constitutional Affairs, Rights, Freedoms and Guarantees.[32] In November, he renounces these proposals to accompany the PSD.[33] In January 2020, he proposed a 5 to 7.5% decrease in Members' salaries.[34]

He provoked an outcry in Parliament in January 2020 by proposing that Joacine Katar Moreira, an Assembly member born in Guinea Bissau who said that museum items from Portugal's former colonies be returned, be similarly "returned to her country of origin". At the 2020 convention of the Chega party, he passed a motion at the party's 2020 convention calling for the removal of ovaries from women who have abortions. Facing protests, he then called for the motion to be dropped.[35]

Ventura was present at a Zero Movement protest in front of the Assembly. The Zero Movement is an unofficial police union that has been accused of political links to Ventura's party. The only politician to speak, he did so allegedly without an invitation from union leaders. He received a shower of applause.[36]

In November 2020, he was fined more than €400 for discrimination against romani communities. In December of the same year, he was ordered to pay €3,370 for ethnic discrimination in the form of harassment. Ventura, later in a press conference at the Assembly of the Republic, stated that he would not pay the fine: "to limit the freedom of expression of a citizen, a deputy of the nation and a political leader".[37][38][39]

Ventura criticised the Minister of Justice, Francisca Van Dunem, for the release of prisoners to ease COVID-19 transmissions, saying that the measure was an "infamy".[40]

Ventura criticised the state of emergency decree of 17 December 2020, saying:

"This is not really a state of emergency. It is a state of chaos over a state of chaos, which is destroying the lives of the Portuguese people without planning, that the only thing they have to give to the country is a Director of Health who says to have breakfast at Christmas and [this] will solve your problems."[41]

On 22 December 2020, Ventura requested the temporary suspension of his term in the Assembly to run in the 2021 Portuguese presidential election[42] but this suspension was prevented by the Parliament on 29 December.[43] On 31 December, after the decision of the majority of the parliamentary groups not to authorise the suspension of mandate, Ventura advanced with a subpoena against the Assembly of the Republic and Ferro Rodrigues, the Speaker of the Assembly of the Republic, in the Supreme Administrative Court of Portugal.[44][45][46]

2021 presidential campaign

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Ventura's speech during election night of the 2021 presidential election

On 8 February 2020, in Portalegre, Ventura announced his candidacy for the office of President of the Republic in the 2021 election.[47][48]

Ventura invited actress Maria Vieira to be his campaign director (mandatária) for the Portuguese communities abroad[49] and chose Patrícia Sousa Uva (ex-member of Chega) to be the national director. Subsequently, with the resignation of the latter, Ventura invited Rui Paulo Sousa, 7th member of the national board, to become the national campaign director.[50]

On 18 December 2020, Ventura handed 10,250 signatures of proponents to the Constitutional Court, as legally required to formalise his candidacy for Belém Palace.[51] On 30 December, his candidacy was formally accepted by the Constitutional Court.[52]

At the beginning of the electoral campaign, the president of the French National Rally party, Marine Le Pen, confirmed that she would go to Lisbon to support Ventura's presidential candidacy.[53]

In a televised debate against incumbent Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Ventura showed a photograph of the president in the Bairro da Jamaica, a poor and largely black neighborhood in Amora, Setúbal District, where there had been tensions with the police. He accused the president of not being truly right-wing, and called the black residents in the photograph "bandits".[54] In September 2021, a Portuguese court convicted Ventura for social segregation in the aftermath of these events related to Bairro da Jamaica.[55][56]

Ventura came third with 11.9% of the vote, behind Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (60.7%) and the Socialist Party’s Ana Gomes (12.9%).[57]

Political views

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Spanish Vox’s Santiago Abascal and Chega leader André Ventura in Lisbon, 2021

Ventura has expressed controversial views in the past, whilst the majority of international media refer to his ideology as being far-right.[58][59][60][61] Ventura categorizes himself as an "economic liberal, nationalist and conservative". Many of his statements on social issues are said to be anti-Romani, Islamophobic, xenophobic and sexist by the news media.[62]

About António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese dictator during the Estado Novo regime, André Ventura said: "The Republic led by Dr. António de Oliveira Salazar, for most of the time, also didn't solve [the country's problems] and set us back a long way in various aspects. It didn't allow us to have the development that we could have had, especially in the post-World War II framework. Portugal could have developed extraordinarily well and we fell behind, just like the Spaniards".[63]

Under Ventura's leadership, the Chega party has been the target of critics who underline the party's extreme views on various subjects, some of which include the negative comments regarding immigration and minorities, namely the Romani and some black communities[64] subjected to ghettoization[65] living in problematic neighborhoods associated with high[66] crime rates that André Ventura, the party's founder, described[67] at one time as bandits and for which he was convicted by the courts of justice.[68][69][70][71] Ventura's comments on Romani people are often described as racist and xenophobic.[72][73]

On being compared negatively to Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro, Ventura responded "I am very accustomed to that and it doesn't worry me. These are the ideas that I believe in. In addition to life imprisonment and chemical castration, I also want a reduction in Islamic migration, especially from countries known for terrorism".[5]

Ventura supports some rights for gay people, but he believes that same-sex couples should be in civil partnerships and not marriages.[5] He is personally opposed to abortion, but does not want the procedure to be criminalised for women.[5] He supports the legalisation and regularisation of prostitution as a way to protect and integrate sex workers, and believes that legalisation of recreational drugs increases drug traffic.[5] He is personally opposed to bullfighting, but opposes its sudden abolition due to the economic role it plays in some towns.[5]

In May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal, Ventura proposed a specific containment plan for the Romani community.[74] He was lambasted for this proposal by professional footballer Ricardo Quaresma, of Romani descent.[75] In June 2020, Ventura organised a counter-protest the day after anti-racist concentrations were announced in honour of actor Bruno Candé, victim of a premeditated homicide. This counter-protest was made under the motto "Portugal is not racist", denying the allegation of racism in Portugal and condemning the "politically correct" associations and affirming that the counter-protest "is a manifestation of everything but white supremacy".[76][77]

He has spoken in admiration of Mariano Rajoy, conservative former prime minister of Spain.[5] Ventura signed the Madrid Charter, a document drafted by the Spanish party Vox that describes far left-wing groups as enemies of Ibero-America involved in a "criminal project" that are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime".[78] On 24 February 2022, Twitter permanently suspended Ventura's account for violating the rules of the social network regarding the "conduct of propagating hate".[79] Shortly after, the suspension of his account was lifted.[80]

Changing and evolving the focus of his speech, Ventura has expressed views in which he says that he doesn't want immigrants unable to integrate and dedicated to a life of marginalization and economic deprivation for themselves and their children, perpetuating cycles of poverty and crime, and constraining the Portuguese welfare state, the national health service, the security forces, wages and housing in the country.[81][82][83]

Personal life

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André Ventura is married to Dina Sofia Marques Nunes Ventura,[84][18] a children's physiotherapist at a hospital in Lisbon, who met André Ventura after he had left law school at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa.[85] They are childless[86] but he wants to be a father someday.[87] Mário Rui Leal Pedras, a priest of the Lisbon Patriarchate in the churches of São Nicolau and Santa Maria Madalena, located in Lisbon's Baixa Pombalina, who celebrated the Catholic wedding of Ventura, is his confessor and spiritual director since when Ventura was still a university student.[88] He is a supporter of S.L. Benfica.[89][90][22]

Electoral history

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Loures City Council election, 2017

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Ballot: 1 October 2017
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
CDU Bernardino Soares 28,701 32.8 4 –1
PS Sónia Paixão 24,737 28.2 4 ±0
PSD/PPM André Ventura 18,877 21.5 3 +1
BE Fabian Figueiredo 3,107 3.5 0 ±0
CDS–PP Pedro Pestana Bastos 2,508 2.9 0 ±0
PCTP/MRPP João Resa 2,232 2.5 0 ±0
PAN Ana Sofia da Silva 1,824 2.1 1 new
Other parties 1,452 1.7 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 4,162 4.8 – –
Turnout 87,600 52.31 11 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 2017[91]

European Parliament election, 2019

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Main article: 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal
Ballot: 26 May 2019
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
PS Pedro Marques 1,104,694 33.4 9 +1
PSD Paulo Rangel 725,399 21.9 6 ±0
BE Marisa Matias 325,093 9.8 2 +1
CDU João Ferreira 228,045 6.9 2 –1
CDS–PP Nuno Melo 204,792 6.2 1 ±0
PAN Francisco Guerreiro 168,015 5.1 1 +1
Alliance Paulo Sande 61,652 1.9 0 new
Livre Rui Tavares 60,446 1.8 0 ±0
Basta! André Ventura 49,388 1.5 0 new
NC Paulo de Morais 34,634 1.1 0 new
Other parties 116,743 2.7 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 235,748 3.5 – –
Turnout 3,307,644 30.75 21 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[92]

Legislative election, 2019

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Main article: 2019 Portuguese legislative election
Ballot: 6 October 2019
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
PS António Costa 1,903,687 36.3 108 +22
PSD Rui Rio 1,454,283 27.8 79 –10
BE Catarina Martins 498,549 9.5 19 ±0
CDU Jerónimo de Sousa 332,018 6.3 12 –5
CDS–PP Assunção Cristas 221,094 4.2 5 –13
PAN André Silva 173,931 3.3 4 +3
Chega André Ventura 67,502 1.3 1 new
IL Carlos Guimarães Pinto 67,443 1.3 1 new
Livre Collective leadership 56,940 1.1 1 +1
Other parties 207,162 4.0 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 254,875 4.9 – –
Turnout 5,237,484 48.60 230 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[93]

Presidential election, 2021

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Main article: 2021 Portuguese presidential election
Ballot: 24 January 2021
Candidate Votes %
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 2,531,692 60.7
Ana Gomes 540,823 13.0
André Ventura 497,746 11.9
João Ferreira 179,764 4.3
Marisa Matias 165,127 4.0
Tiago Mayan Gonçalves 134,991 3.2
Vitorino Silva 123,031 3.0
Blank/Invalid ballots 85,182 –
Turnout 4,258,356 39.26
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[94]

Legislative election, 2022

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Main article: 2022 Portuguese legislative election
Ballot: 30 January 2022
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
PS António Costa 2,302,601 41.4 120 +12
PSD Rui Rio 1,618,381 29.1 77 –2
Chega André Ventura 399,659 7.2 12 +11
IL João Cotrim Figueiredo 273,687 4.9 8 +7
BE Catarina Martins 244,603 4.4 5 –14
CDU Jerónimo de Sousa 238,920 4.3 6 –6
CDS–PP Rodrigues dos Santos 89,181 1.6 0 –5
PAN Inês Sousa Real 88,152 1.6 1 –3
Livre Rui Tavares 71,232 1.3 1 ±0
Other parties 91,299 1.6 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 146,824 2.6 – –
Turnout 5,564,539 51.46 230 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[95]

Legislative election, 2024

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Main article: 2024 Portuguese legislative election
Ballot: 10 March 2024
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
AD Luís Montenegro 1,867,442 28.8 80 +3
PS Pedro Nuno Santos 1,812,443 28.0 78 –42
Chega André Ventura 1,169,781 18.1 50 +38
IL Rui Rocha 319,877 4.9 8 ±0
BE Mariana Mortágua 282,314 4.4 5 ±0
CDU Paulo Raimundo 205,551 3.2 4 –2
Livre Rui Tavares 204,875 3.2 4 +3
PAN Inês Sousa Real 126,125 2.0 1 ±0
ADN Bruno Fialho 102,134 1.6 0 ±0
Other parties 104,167 1.6 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 282,243 4.4 – –
Turnout 6,476,952 59.90 230 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[96]

Books

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  • Introdução à Fiscalidade, e-book, Lisboa (2017)
  • Justiça, Corrupção e Jornalismo (co-authored with Miguel Fernandes), Vida Económica (2015)
  • A Nova Justiça Internacional, Chiado Editora, Lisboa (2015)
  • A Nova Administração Pública (inclui a nova Lei Geral do Trabalho em Funções Públicas anotada), Quid Juris, Lisboa (2014)
  • A Reforma do IRC (com António Carlos dos Santos), Vida Económica, Lisboa (2014)
  • Lições de Direito Fiscal, Chiado Editora, Lisboa (2014)
  • Lições de Direito Penal, Volume I, UAL / Instituto de Direito Publico / Chiado Editora (2013), Montenegro, com 2.ª ed. revista, pela Chiado Editora, Lisboa (2008)
  • A Última Madrugada do Islão, Chiado Editora, Lisboa (2009)

References

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  1. ^ Cotovio, Vasco (8 March 2024). "'We are not extremist': Portugal's radical right eyes kingmaker role". CNN. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  2. ^ Meredith, Sam (11 March 2024). "Portugal's election shows a surge in support for the far right, reflecting a broader European trend". CNBC. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  3. ^ Bayer, Lili (11 March 2024). "Surge for far-right party in Portugal – as it happened". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  4. ^ "André Ventura: o brilho fosco da ambição" (in European Portuguese). SIC Notícias.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Especial: André Ventura. 'Sou contra o aborto mas nunca condenaria uma mulher que aborta'". Jornal SOL. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Ciganos, imigrantes e prisões. O que diz André Ventura". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  7. ^ "Goucha – 7 de janeiro de 2021". TVI Player (in Portuguese).
  8. ^ "O estudante André vs. o líder Ventura: um problema de "credibilidade política" e "integridade académica" (4.º ep. de Entre Deus e o Diabo)". Expresso (in Portuguese). 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  9. ^ "Visão | André Ventura: quem é o deputado antissistema que a TV criou". Visão (in European Portuguese). 9 November 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
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  12. ^ "CEDIS | André Ventura" (in European Portuguese). Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  13. ^ Câncio, Fernanda (2 November 2019). ""A minha tese é ciência, sempre distingui a parte opinativa da parte científica"" [My thesis is science, I have always distinguished between opinion and science]. Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  14. ^ a b Alves, Marco (30 December 2019). "O erotismo punitivo e homossexual em André Ventura" [The punitive and homosexual eroticism in André Ventura]. Sábado (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  15. ^ Alves, Marco (25 February 2020). "Gays, mulheres submissas e SIDA: os livros de André Ventura" [Gays, submissive women and AIDS: the books by André Ventura]. Sábado (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  16. ^ Monteiro, Sara Beatriz; Menezes e Sousa, Judith (7 October 2019). "André Ventura: O político que é mais conhecido por ser comentador desportivo". TSF (in Portuguese). Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  17. ^ "RegInteresses_v3". www.parlamento.pt (in Portuguese).
  18. ^ a b c d "RegInteresses_v5". www.parlamento.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
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  22. ^ a b "Na cabeça de André Ventura. O papel do "benfiquismo militante" no plano político do líder do Chega". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Visão | Debate Legislativas: António Costa diz que Ventura abandonou AT para aconselhar quem quer fugir aos impostos, Ventura exige que Costa peça desculpa por corrupção de socialistas". Visão (in European Portuguese). 6 January 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  24. ^ "André Ventura: "Este Papa tem prestado um mau serviço ao cristianismo"". Diário de Notícias. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020.
  25. ^ "José Pinto Coelho diz que André Ventura é um dos "seus"". i (in Portuguese).
  26. ^ Sampaio, Gustavo (19 August 2017). "André Ventura: "Repudio veementemente o apoio da extrema-direita"". O Jornal Económico (in European Portuguese).
  27. ^ ""Há problemas com a comunidade cigana em Loures"". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  28. ^ Ferreira, Leonor Mateus (3 September 2017). "Portugueses concordam com acusações de André Ventura a ciganos". O Jornal Económico (in European Portuguese).
  29. ^ "Pinto-Coelho acusa Ventura de "roubar" discurso ao PNR". Sábado (in European Portuguese).
  30. ^ "André Ventura admite candidatura à liderança do PSD". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  31. ^ Baptista, Ruben Martins, Sofia Correia. "Extrema-direita chega ao Parlamento. Quem é e o que defende André Ventura?". Público (in Portuguese).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Lopes, Maria. "Propostas do Chega para tamanho do Governo e referendo sobre redução de deputados são inconstitucionais". Público (in Portuguese).
  33. ^ "Chega abdica de propostas de revisão constitucional para acompanhar PSD" (in European Portuguese). SIC Notícias.
  34. ^ "André Ventura anuncia que vai propor diminuição de 5 a 7,5% nos salários dos políticos". Jornal Sol (in Portuguese).
  35. ^ "Le Portugal secoué par une vague d'attaques xénophobes". La Croix (in French). 30 September 2020.
  36. ^ "Como o Movimento Zero capturou o protesto dos sindicatos de polícias". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  37. ^ "André Ventura multado em mais de 400 euros por discriminar ciganos" (in European Portuguese). Rádio Renascença. 18 November 2020.
  38. ^ "Ventura condenado a pagar multa de 3370 euros por discriminação étnica, mas diz que não paga". Público (in Portuguese).
  39. ^ ""Estamos perante uma perseguição a um líder político". André Ventura recusa pagar multa que lhe foi imposta por discriminação étnica". Observador (in European Portuguese).
  40. ^ "Parlamento aprova proposta do Governo sobre libertação de reclusos" (in Portuguese). TVI 24.
  41. ^ Almeida, Joana (17 December 2020). ""Isto não é um estado de emergência, é um estado de caos sobre caos", diz André Ventura". O Jornal Económico (in European Portuguese).
  42. ^ "André Ventura pede suspensão de mandato como deputado e ameaça recorrer para o Constitucional". 29 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020.
  43. ^ Carrapatoso, Miguel Santos. "Parlamento impede (para já) suspensão de mandato de Ventura". Observador (in European Portuguese).
  44. ^ "Parlamento chumba pedido de suspensão do mandato de André Ventura". Parlamento chumba pedido de suspensão do mandato de André Ventura (in Portuguese). Rádio e Televisão de Portugal.
  45. ^ Marques, Bianca (31 December 2020). "André Ventura avança com intimação contra Assembleia da República e Ferro Rodrigues". O Jornal Económico (in European Portuguese).
  46. ^ "Esquerda e PSD travam substituição de Ventura". i (in Portuguese).
  47. ^ Alvarez, Luciano. "André Ventura anuncia candidatura a Presidente da República". Público (in Portuguese).
  48. ^ "André Ventura anuncia candidatura à Presidência da República". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  49. ^ "Maria Vieira será mandatária presidencial de André Ventura junto das comunidades portuguesas". Observador (in European Portuguese).
  50. ^ Baptista, João (18 December 2020). "Empresário de Santarém Rui Sousa é o mandatário nacional da candidatura de André Ventura". Mais Ribatejo (in European Portuguese).
  51. ^ "André Ventura formaliza candidatura para "enfrentar o regime" e insiste numa segunda volta". Jornal Expresso (in European Portuguese).
  52. ^ "Tribunal Constitucional aceita candidatura de Tiago Mayan e André Ventura". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  53. ^ "Presidenciais. André Ventura e Marine Le Pen juntos em Lisboa no início da campanha eleitoral". Observador (in European Portuguese).
  54. ^ Roseiro, Bruno (7 January 2021). "Depois de Quaresma, Rafael Leão responde a André Ventura: "Por ser de um bairro social não quer dizer que sejam todos bandidos"". Observador (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  55. ^ "Relação de Lisboa confirma condenação de Ventura por ter chamado "bandidos" a família do bairro da Jamaica. Família está satisfeita". Observador (in Portuguese).
  56. ^ "Ventura e Chega condenados por "segregação social"". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  57. ^ "Portugal's centre-right president re-elected but far right gains ground". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 25 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  58. ^ Demony, Catarina (28 January 2022). "Portugal's abrasive far-right leader tipped for surprise poll gain". Reuters. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  59. ^ "Portugal votes with far-right football commentator predicted to make gains". The Independent. 29 January 2022. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  60. ^ "Splits in left are set to boost far-right TV pundit in Portugal's snap election". the Guardian. 29 January 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  61. ^ Wise, Peter (26 January 2022). "Far-right party's poll gains show Portugal not immune to populism". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  62. ^ "Chega de André Ventura e Democracia 21 querem concorrer juntos às europeias".
  63. ^ "André Ventura: "Salazar atrasou-nos muitíssimo"". Sábado (in European Portuguese). 15 November 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  64. ^ Dezenas de afrodescendentes criticam cobertura mediática de caso Jamaica [Dozens of Afro-descendants criticise media coverage of Jamaica case.] https://www.publico.pt/2019/01/29/sociedade/noticia/dezenas-pessoas-criticam-cobertura-caso-jamaica-1859840
  65. ^ "Ventura visita Bairro da Jamaica: "Isto é uma vergonha às portas de Lisboa" ("Isto é uma vergonha às portas de Lisboa. Envergonharia qualquer capital europeia. Associado a isto, o processo de guetização que está aqui em curso é uma vergonha ainda maior. É uma vergonha para o Seixal, é uma vergonha para Setúbal. E é uma vergonha isto estar às portas de Lisboa") ["This is a disgrace on Lisbon's doorstep. It would embarrass any European capital. Coupled with this, the ghettoisation process that is underway here is an even greater disgrace. It's a disgrace for Seixal, it's a disgrace for Setúbal. And it's a disgrace that this is on Lisbon's doorstep"]". SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). 6 September 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  66. ^ Bairro da Jamaica: “Agora as amigas da minha filha podem vir a nossa casa. Antes tinham medo ("O "bairro maldito", há décadas associado a criminalidade, toxicodependência e pobreza, nasceu ilegal na década de 1990, e assim permaneceu." ["The "cursed neighborhood", associated for decades with crime, drug addiction and poverty, was born illegal in the 1990s and has remained so."]) https://rr.sapo.pt/extralarge/pais/2018/12/19/bairro-da-jamaica-agora-as-amigas-da-minha-filha-podem-vir-a-nossa-casa-antes-tinham-medo/134678/
  67. ^ "André Ventura foi "condenado com trânsito em julgado por racismo", como disse Catarina Martins?". Polígrafo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  68. ^ Ribeiro, Gabriel (20 December 2020). "Ciganos, negros, islâmicos e Chega: a "mão invisível" do liberalismo social". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  69. ^ Demony, Catarina (8 January 2021). "Reporters walk out on Portuguese, French far-right leaders over COVID-19 fears". Reuters. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  70. ^ Figueiredo, Carlos Diogo Santos, Gonçalo Correia, Inês André. "André Ventura condenado por ter chamado "bandidos" a moradores do bairro da Jamaica. Líder do Chega vai recorrer". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 17 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  71. ^ "Supremo mantém condenação de Chega e Ventura no caso da família a quem chamaram "bandidos"". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  72. ^ Lisbon, Mia Alberti in (28 September 2020). "Portugal records surge in racist violence as far right rises". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  73. ^ "André Ventura fined for discriminating against gypsies". The Portugal News. 28 November 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  74. ^ "Covid-19: Ventura diz que apresentará plano de confinamento para população cigana mesmo sem apoios". Expresso. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  75. ^ "Quaresma ataca "populismo racista do André Ventura"". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 6 May 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  76. ^ "André Ventura: Manifestação de sábado é de tudo menos de supremacia branca". Jornal de Negocios (in European Portuguese).
  77. ^ "Ventura anuncia contramanif: "Sempre que a esquerda sair à rua para dizer que o país é racista, nós sairemos à rua para mostrar que não é"". Jornal Expresso (in European Portuguese).
  78. ^ "Carta de Madrid". Fundación Disenso (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  79. ^ "Twitter definitively suspends André Ventura's account". Portugal News.
  80. ^ Figueiredo, Inês André. "Twitter volta atrás e restabelece conta de André Ventura". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  81. ^ Renascença (5 March 2024). "Como o discurso do Chega mudou e o que isso diz da sua estratégia - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  82. ^ "Ventura quer, muitos tentaram mas não conseguiram. As propostas do Chega para a imigração funcionam?". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  83. ^ "Dono da Prozis sobre André Ventura: "O futuro primeiro-ministro de Portugal"". www.jornaldenegocios.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  84. ^ "Dina: Conheça a mulher que vive na sombra de André Ventura". www.cmjornal.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  85. ^ "Conheça a mulher que roubou o coração de André Ventura". www.vidas.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  86. ^ "As razões de André Ventura não ser pai". www.tvguia.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  87. ^ SIC (21 February 2024). ""Ainda não desisti de ter filhos" — André Ventura: O outro lado do 'político aguerrido'". SIC (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  88. ^ Caeiro, Tiago. "Lisboa. Padre e diretor espiritual de André Ventura acusado de abusos sexuais vai voltar a celebrar missa em público". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  89. ^ "André Ventura: "Fui convidado para ser várias coisas nestas eleições do Benfica"". www.record.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  90. ^ SAPO. "André Ventura: "Nunca usei o nome do Benfica, nem assisti a qualquer jogo durante a campanha"". SAPO Desporto (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
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  93. ^ "Mapa Oficial Resultados Legislativas 2019" (PDF). CNE. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  94. ^ "Mapa Oficial Resultados" (PDF). Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  95. ^ "Mapa Oficial n.º 1/2022" (PDF). Comissão Nacional de Eleições. 26 March 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  96. ^ "Comissão Nacional de Eleições Mapa Oficial n.º 2-A/2024" (PDF). Comissão Nacional de Eleições. 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
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