Allianz Arena (German: [aˈli̯ants ʔaˌʁeːna]; known as Munich Football Arena for UEFA competitions) is a football stadium in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, with a 70,000 seating capacity for international matches and 75,000 for domestic matches. Widely known for its exterior of inflated ETFE plastic panels, it is the first stadium in the world with a full colour changing exterior. Located at Werner-Heisenberg-Allee 25 at the northern edge of Munich's Schwabing-Freimann borough on the Fröttmaning Heath, it is the second-largest stadium in Germany behind the Westfalenstadion in Dortmund.
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| Address | Werner-Heisenberg-Allee 25, 80939[4] |
|---|---|
| Location | Munich, Bavaria, Germany |
| Public transit |  at Fröttmaning |
| Owner | Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH[citation needed] |
| Operator | Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH[citation needed] |
| Executive suites | 106[6] |
| Capacity |
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| Field size | 105 m × 68 m (344 ft × 223 ft)[6] |
| Surface | Hybrid grass[5] |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 21 October 2002 |
| Built | 2003–2005 |
| Opened | 30 May 2005 |
| Construction cost | €340 million[6] |
| Architect | |
| Structural engineer | Ove Arup & Partners |
| Tenants | |
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| Website | |
| allianz-arena | |
Bayern Munich have played their home games at the Allianz Arena since the start of the 2005–06 season. The club had previously played their home games at the Munich Olympic Stadium since 1972. 1860 Munich previously had a 50 per cent share in the stadium, but, in 2006, sold this to Bayern for €11m to help resolve a serious financial crisis that saw 1860 facing bankruptcy. The arrangement allowed 1860 Munich to play at the stadium while retaining no ownership until 2025.[7] However, in July 2017 Bayern terminated the rental contract with 1860, making themselves the sole tenants of the stadium.[8]
The large locally based financial services provider Allianz purchased the naming rights to the stadium for 30 years. However, this name cannot be used when hosting FIFA and UEFA events, since these governing bodies have policies forbidding corporate sponsorship from companies that are not official tournament partners. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the stadium was referred to as FIFA WM-Stadion München (FIFA World Cup Stadium, Munich). In UEFA club, Nations League and international matches, it is known as the Fußball Arena München [ˈfuːsbal ʔaˌʁeːna ˈmʏnçn̩] (Football Arena Munich), and it hosted the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final[9] and will host the upcoming 2025 final, moved from 2023 as well as matches during UEFA Euro 2024.[10] Since 2012, the museum of Bayern Munich, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, has been located inside the Allianz Arena.
In 2022, it hosted a first regular season National Football League (NFL) American football game played in Germany as part of the NFL International Series.[11]
Design
editCapacity
editEffective with the city's approval of modifications that was granted 16 January 2006, the legal capacity of the stadium increased from 69,000 to 71,000 spectators (including standing room). The lower tier can seat up to 20,000, the middle tier up to 24,000, and the upper tier up to 22,000. 10,400 of the seats in the lower tier corners can be converted to standing room to allow an additional 3,120 spectators. The total capacity includes 2,000 business seats, 400 seats for the press, 106 luxury boxes with seating for up to 174, and 165 berths for wheelchairs and the like. From the second half of the 2005–06 Bundesliga season, the arena is able to accommodate 69,901 spectators at league and DFB-Pokal games, but because of UEFA regulations, the capacity remained at 66,000 seats for UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup games. Bayern Munich limited capacity during their league and cup games to 69,000. The partial roof covers all seats, although winds can still blow rain onto some of them. Prior to the 2012–13 season, Bayern Munich announced that capacity had been increased to 71,000 for domestic matches and 68,000 for UEFA matches, with the addition of 2,000 seats in the upper tier of the arena.[12]
Allianz Arena also offers three-day-care centres and a fan shop, the FC Bayern Munich Megastore.[citation needed] Merchandise is offered at stands all along the inside of the exterior wall inside the area behind the seats.[citation needed] Numerous restaurants and fast-food establishments are also located around the stadium.
There are four team locker rooms (one each for the two home teams and their respective opponents), four coaches' locker rooms, and two locker rooms for referees.[citation needed] Two areas are provided where athletes can warm up (approx. 110 m2 each).[citation needed] There are also 550 toilets and 190 monitors in the arena.
On 28 April 2013, FC Bayern announced it would be selling 300 more tickets in the Südkurve starting with the 2013–14 Bundesliga season.[13]
On 21 January 2014, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge declared that FC Bayern was discussing a further expansion of the Allianz Arena.[14] About 2,000 new seats were to be installed in the upper tier and about 2,000 more tickets in the Nord- and Südkurve. In August 2014, it was reported that the capacity expansion was completed leading to a new maximum capacity of 75,024 in the Bundesliga and 69,334 in international matches.[15] An expansion was approved in January 2015 to expand the stadium's capacity to 75,000 for Bundesliga Games and 70,000 for games in the Champions League.[16]
Construction
edit
The stadium construction began on 21 October 2002 and it was officially opened on 30 May 2005. The primary designers are architects Herzog & de Meuron. The stadium is designed so that the main entrance to the stadium would be from an elevated esplanade separated from the parking space consisting of Europe's biggest underground car park.[17] The roof of the stadium has built-in roller blinds which may be drawn back and forth during games to provide protection from the sun.
- Total concrete used during stadium construction: 120,000 m3[citation needed]
- Total concrete used for the parking garage: 85,000 m3[citation needed]
- Total steel used during stadium construction: 22,000 tonnes[citation needed]
- Total steel used for the parking garage: 14,000 tonnes[citation needed]
Luminous exterior
editThe arena facade is constructed of 2,760 ETFE-foil air panels that are kept inflated with dry air to a differential pressure of 3.5 Pa.[18] The panels appear white from far away but when examined closely, there are little dots on the panels.[citation needed] When viewed from far away, the eye combines the dots and sees white.[citation needed] When viewed close up however, it is possible to see through the foil.[citation needed] The foil has a thickness of 0.2 mm.[citation needed] Each panel can be independently lit with white, red, or blue light.[citation needed] The panels are lit for each game with the colours of the respective home team—red for Bayern Munich, blue for TSV and white for the Germany national team.[citation needed] White is also used when the stadium is a neutral venue, like the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final.[citation needed] Other colours or multicolour or interchanging lighting schemes are theoretically possible, but the Munich Police strongly insists on using a single-colour lighting scheme due to several car accidents on the nearby A9 Autobahn with drivers being distracted by the changing lights.
Allianz Arena's innovative stadium-facade lighting concept has been subsequently adopted in other recently built venues, like MetLife Stadium in New Jersey, which lights up in blue for the National Football League's Giants and green for the Jets.[citation needed] With electricity costs for the light of about €50 (USD$75) per hour, the construction emits enough light that, on clear nights, the stadium can easily be spotted from Austrian mountain tops, e.g. from a distance of 50 miles (80 km).
Transport
editPatrons may park their cars in Europe's largest parking structure, comprising four four-storey parking garages with 9,800 parking places.[citation needed] In addition, 1,200 places were built into the first two tiers of the arena, 350 places are available for buses (240 at the north end, and 110 at the south entrance), and 130 more spots are reserved for those with disabilities.
The stadium is located next to the Fröttmaning U-Bahn station.[citation needed] This is on the U6 line of the Munich U-Bahn.
Surroundings
editFrom the subway station just south of the arena, visitors approach the stadium through a park that was designed to disentangle and guide them to the entrance.[citation needed] An esplanade rises gradually from ground level at the subway station entrance, practically building the parking garage's cover, to the entrance level of the stadium.[citation needed] On the other side of the Autobahn, the Fröttmaning Hill with its windmill affords a marvellous view on the stadium.[according to whom?] Also the Romanesque Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, the oldest structure on the area of the City of Munich designed to serve religious purposes, is located there together with its copy, an artwork in concrete as a reminder for the village of Fröttmaning which disappeared with the construction of the Autobahn.
Owners
editThe arena was commissioned by the Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH, founded in 2001, and was owned in equal parts by the two football clubs that called it home.[citation needed] The GmbH's CEO was Karl-Heinz Wildmoser Jr. until the unravelling of the stadium corruption affair (see below). Since then, Bernd Rauch, Peter Kerspe, and Walter Leidecker have led the company.[citation needed] In April 2006, FC Bayern Munich bought out TSV 1860 Munich's 50 per cent share in the arena for a reported €11 million.[citation needed] 1860 managing director Stefan Ziffzer stated that the deal prevented insolvency for the club.[citation needed] The terms of the agreement gave 1860 the right to buy back their 50 per cent share of the arena for the price of sale plus interest anytime before June 2010.[citation needed] In November 2007, 1860 Munich resigned that right.[citation needed] In advance, the income of two friendly-games both clubs shared equally instead of having that money going to Allianz Arena GmbH. Due to 1860 Munich's financial turbulence, Bayern Munich took over all the shares and owns 100 per cent of the Allianz Arena.
Name
editAllianz paid significant sums for the right to lend its name to the stadium for a duration of 30 years.[citation needed] However, Allianz is not a sponsor for UEFA and FIFA competitions, and for this reason, the logo is covered during Champions League games, and was removed during the 2006 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2024.
Cost
editThe cost of the construction itself ran to €286 million, but financing costs raised that figure to a total of €340 million.[citation needed] In addition, the city and State incurred approximately €210 million for area development and infrastructure improvements.
History
edit
On 21 October 2002, voters went to the polls to determine whether a new stadium should be built in this location and whether the city of Munich should provide the necessary infrastructure. About two-thirds of the voters decided in favor of the proposition. An alternative to constructing the new arena had been a major reconstruction of the Olympic Stadium but this option had been refused by its architect Günther Behnisch.
Swiss architect firm Herzog & de Meuron then developed the concept of the stadium with a see-through exterior made of ETFE-foil panels that can be lit from the inside and are self-cleaning. Construction started in late 2002 and was completed by the end of April 2005.
The Fröttmaning and Marienplatz stations of the subway line U6 were expanded and improved in conjunction with the arena construction. The Fröttmaning subway stations platforms were moved slightly southwards and expanded from two to four tracks, while the Marienplatz U-Bahn station was outfitted with additional pedestrian connector tunnels running parallel to the subway tracks, which lead towards the S-Bahn portion of the station, lessening congestion among passengers making connections to the Munich S-Bahn. To be able to handle the additional traffic load, the Autobahn A9 was expanded to three and four lanes in each direction and another exit was added to the A99 north of the arena.
On 19 May 2012, the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League final was held at the Allianz Arena. Bayern Munich, who were drawn as home team, was set to play against Chelsea. Chelsea won on penalties after the game had tied 1–1 after regulation and extra time. Bastian Schweinsteiger's penalty hit Petr Čech's left post, and Didier Drogba scored the winning penalty. On 25 May 2012, Bayern opened a museum about its history, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, inside the Allianz Arena.[19]
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Following the departure of TSV 1860 Munich from the stadium due to its relegation to 3. Liga in 2016–17, Bayern Munich went on to give Allianz Arena a significant facelift a year later, replacing old grey seats with new ones that create a combination of red and white, the colours of the club. The stadium now presents FC Bayern crest on the stand, the "FC Bayern München" writing on one side and the "Mia San Mia" – the club's motto – on the other. Furthermore, several other modifications have also been made, including decorating walls with images of the club's history, bringing a larger quantity of red, and the opening of the FC Bayern store.[20]
On 19 September 2024, it was announced that the stadium's address would be changed to "Franz Beckenbauer Platz 5" in honour of the late German football legend Franz Beckenbauer, who was born in Munich and had played with Bayern Munich from 1964–1977. The change will take effect in January 2025, before that year's Champions League final which the stadium will host.
Stadium corruption affair
editBetween March 2004 and August 2006, a corruption affair relating to the stadium occupied the football world and German courts. On 9 March 2004, Karl-Heinz Wildmoser Sr., president of TSV 1860 Munich, his son Karl-Heinz Wildmoser Jr., chief executive officer of Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH, and two others were charged with corruption in connection with the award of arena construction contracts and taken into custody.[citation needed] On 12 March, Wildmoser Sr. struck a plea bargain and was released.[citation needed] As part of the plea bargain, he relinquished the presidency of the club three days later, and on 18 May, the investigation into his conduct was closed.
His son, Karl-Heinz Wildmoser Jr., remained in custody.[citation needed] At a bail hearing on 29 June, the judge refused bail on the grounds of danger of flight and obstruction of justice.[citation needed] The District Attorney filed charges on 23 August 2004, accusing him of fraud, corruption and tax evasion.[citation needed] The case was that Wildmoser Jr. had awarded the construction contract at an inflated price, provided the Austrian builder Alpine with inside information that enabled the builder to win the contract, and in return received €2.8 million.
On 13 May 2005, Karl-Heinz Wildmoser Jr. was convicted and sentenced by a Munich court to four and a half years in prison.[citation needed] He was released on bail pending his appeal.[citation needed] The Federal Court of Justice rejected the appeal in August 2006.
Opening day
edit
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On 30 May 2005, 1860 Munich played an exhibition game against 1. FC Nürnberg and won, 3–2.[citation needed] The next day, the record German champions Bayern Munich played a game against the Germany national team.[21] Both games had been sold out since early March 2005.[citation needed] Patrick Milchraum of TSV 1860 scored the first official goal at the stadium.
On 2 June 2005, in response to high demand, the first "arena derby" took place between the two tenants.[citation needed] That game was won by TSV 1860 with the help of a goal by Paul Agostino.
Prior to opening day, the alumni teams of both clubs played each other in an exhibition game in front of a crowd of 30,000.[citation needed] During the game, all stadium functions were thoroughly tested.
The stadium's first goal in a competitive game went to Roy Makaay of FC Bayern in the semi-finals of 2005 DFL-Ligapokal on 26 July 2005.[citation needed] In the same game, Thomas Hitzlsperger of VfB Stuttgart scored the first goal in an official game by a visiting team.[citation needed] The game ended with a 2–1 win for Stuttgart.
The first goal in a league game was scored by Owen Hargreaves of FC Bayern when the home team won 3–0 in its 2005–06 Bundesliga season opener against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 5 August 2005.[citation needed] The first goal in a league game by a visiting team was scored by Dynamo Dresden on 9 September 2005 in the 2. Bundesliga match against 1860 Munich.[citation needed] That game ended in a score of 1–2 in front of a full house, which included approximately 20,000 – 22,000 fans who had traveled to Munich from Dresden for the game. Dresden thus became the first visiting team to win a league game at Allianz Arena.
The first goal against FC Bayern Munich in a league game at Allianz Arena was scored by Miroslav Klose of Werder Bremen on 5 November 2005 in the first minute of play.[citation needed] This was to remain the visitors' only goal that day, as the game went to the FC Bayern, with a final score of 3–1.
FC Bayern broke its consecutive sell-out record by selling out each of its first ten home games at Allianz Arena.[when?]
International tournament matches
editUEFA Champions League finals
edit| UEFA Champions League finals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Winners | Score | Runners-up | Attendance | ||
| 2011–12 | Chelsea 
|
1–1 |  Bayern Munich
|
62,500 | ||
| 2024–25 | – | |||||
2006 FIFA World Cup
editThe stadium was one of the venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. However, due to sponsorship contracts, the arena was called FIFA World Cup Stadium Munich during the World Cup.[citation needed]
The following games were played at the stadium during the World Cup of 2006:
| Date | Time (CEST) | Team #1 | Result | Team #2 | Round | Attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 June 2006 | 18:00 | Germany |
4–2 |  Costa Rica |
Group A (opening match) | 66,000 |
| 14 June 2006 | 18:00 | Tunisia  |
2–2 |  Saudi Arabia |
Group H | 66,000 |
| 18 June 2006 | 18:00 | Brazil  |
2–0 |  Australia |
Group F | 66,000 |
| 21 June 2006 | 21:00 | Ivory Coast  |
3–2 |  Serbia and Montenegro |
Group C | 66,000 |
| 24 June 2006 | 17:00 | Germany |
2–0 |  Sweden |
Round of 16 | 66,000 |
| 5 July 2006 | 21:00 | Portugal  |
0–1 |  France |
Semi-finals | 66,000 |
UEFA Euro 2020
edit
| Date | Time | Team #1 | Result | Team #2 | Round | Attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 June 2021 | 21:00 | France |
1–0 | Germany |
Group F | 12,000[22] |
| 19 June 2021 | 18:00 | Portugal |
2–4 | 12,926[23] | ||
| 23 June 2021 | 21:00 | Germany |
2–2 |  Hungary |
12,413[24] | |
| 2 July 2021 | 21:00 | Belgium  |
1–2 |  Italy |
Quarter-finals | 12,984[25] |
UEFA Euro 2024
edit
The stadium hosted four group stage matches (including the opening match), one match in the round of 16 and one semi-final match at the UEFA Euro 2024.
| Date | Time | Team #1 | Result | Team #2 | Round | Attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 June 2024 | 21:00 | Germany |
5–1 |  Scotland |
Group A (opening match) | 65,052 |
| 17 June 2024 | 15:00 | Romania  |
3–0 |  Ukraine |
Group E | 61,591 |
| 20 June 2024 | 15:00 | Slovenia  |
1–1 |  Serbia |
Group C | 63,028 |
| 25 June 2024 | 21:00 | Denmark  |
0–0 | 64,288 | ||
| 2 July 2024 | 18:00 | Romania |
0–3 |  Netherlands |
Round of 16 | 65,012 |
| 9 July 2024 | 21:00 | Spain  |
2–1 | France |
Semi-finals | 62,042 |
Other uses
editAmerican football
editOn 9 February 2022, it was announced that the Allianz Arena would host a regular-season game between the Seattle Seahawks versus the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as part of the NFL International Series.[26] The Buccaneers, who were the designated home team, defeated the Seahawks 21–16 in front of 69,811 fans in the first regular-season National Football League game played in Germany.[citation needed] Allianz Arena hosted its second NFL International Series regular-season game in on 10 November 2024. The Carolina Panthers defeated the New York Giants 20–17 in overtime in front of 70,132 fans.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Allianz Arena". destination-munich.com. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Allianz Arena". worldfootballtravel.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Munich Football Arena". www.uefa.com. UEFA. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ "Imprint". allianz-arena.com. FC Bayern Munich. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- ^ "Neuer Hybrid-Rasen in der Allianz Arena verlegt". allianz-arena.com (in German). 7 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Facts, figures & information about the Allianz Arena". allianz-arena.com. FC Bayern Munich. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- ^ "A brief history of the Allianz Arena". FC Bayern Munich. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
- ^ "Mietvertrag mit TSV 1860 München aufgelöst" [Rental contract with TSV 1860 Munich terminated]. fcbayern.com (in German). Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
- ^ "Wembley to host 2011 Euro final". BBC Sport. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
- ^ "Venues appointed for club competition finals". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ^ "Munich to host first-ever regular-season NFL game in Germany during 2022 season; Frankfurt also to host future games". NFL.com. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Allianz Arena capacity increased to 71,000". FC Bayern Munich. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "FCB erhöht Ticketkontingent in der Südkurve". FC Bayern Munich. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- ^ "Bayern rüstet auf 75.000 auf". tz München. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "What's new for the 2014/2015 Bundesliga season". FC Bayern Munich. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ^ "Ab sofort 75.000 Fans bei Bundesliga Heimspielen" [From now on 75,000 fans at Bundesliga home games] (in German). FC Bayern Munich. 13 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
- ^ "The inside story of the Allianz Arena, Champions League Final venue". Four Four Two magazine. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ "Nuts and bolts". allianz-arena.de. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ^ "FCB Erlebniswelt opens to the public".
- ^ "Bayern Munich redesign Allianz Arena in club colours". bundesliga.com.
- ^ "Germany 'gift' Bayern opening win". CNN. 31 May 2005. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ "Full Time Summary – France v Germany" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ "Full Time Summary – Portugal v Germany" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 19 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ "Full Time Summary – Germany v Hungary" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ "Full Time Summary – Belgium v Italy" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 2 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ^ "Munich to host first-ever regular-season NFL game in Germany during 2022 season; Frankfurt also to host future games". NFL.com. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
External links
edit
- Official website of Allianz Arena Facts and Figures Section provides details like the amount of concrete used, composition of the facade, facade lighting etc.
- Allianz Arena at Structurae
- Seat Plan of the Allianz Arena
- Allianz Arena – video
- Allianz Arena Guide and Images