General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 23 March 1990 to elect the president and Parliament. They were the first elections to be contested under the amended constitution of 1987, which established an elected executive presidency and abolished the Senate. They were also the first ever elections in the country to be contested on a single roll, with no separate voting for whites and blacks.
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Presidential election | |||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |||||||||||||||||||||
In the presidential contest, incumbent Robert Mugabe secured his first full term; he had become President following the 1987 constitutional amendments after serving as Prime Minister since the country gained internationally recognised independence in 1980.[1] Mugabe's ZANU–PF party won 117 of the 120 elected seats in Parliament.[2]
The elections were not free and fair. Mugabe's regime and the ZANU-PF used paramilitary organizations to intimidate opposition, and also abused legislative and judicial powers to stay in power.[3]
Results
editPresident
edit| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Mugabe | ZANU–PF | 2,026,976 | 83.05 | |
| Edgar Tekere | Zimbabwe Unity Movement | 413,840 | 16.95 | |
| Total | 2,440,816 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 2,440,816 | 94.34 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 146,388 | 5.66 | ||
| Total votes | 2,587,204 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 4,799,333 | 53.91 | ||
| Source: African Elections Database | ||||
Parliament
editA total of 4,799,324 voters were registered, but 576,432 were in uncontested constituencies.[4]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZANU–PF | 1,690,071 | 80.55 | 117 | +53 | |
| Zimbabwe Unity Movement | 369,031 | 17.59 | 2 | New | |
| ZANU–Ndonga | 19,448 | 0.93 | 1 | 0 | |
| United African National Council | 11,191 | 0.53 | 0 | New | |
| National Democratic Union | 498 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Independents | 7,954 | 0.38 | 0 | –1 | |
| Total | 2,098,193 | 100.00 | 120 | +20 | |
| Valid votes | 2,098,193 | 93.76 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 139,653 | 6.24 | |||
| Total votes | 2,237,846 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 4,222,892 | 52.99 | |||
| Source: African Elections Database, Nohlen et al.[4] | |||||
References
edit- ^ Rebecca Falconer; Lydia O'Connor (16 November 2017). "A Look Back At Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe's Rise To Power". HuffPost.
- ^ Elections in Zimbabwe African Elections Database
- ^ Kwashirai, Vimbai Chaumba, ed. (2023), "The New Enemy in the 1990 General Elections Was Zum", Election Violence in Zimbabwe: Human Rights, Politics and Power, Cambridge University Press, pp. 65–93, doi:10.1017/9781108120265.005, ISBN 978-1-107-19081-8
- ^ a b Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p973 ISBN 0-19-829645-2