Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1936.
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Plants
editFerns and fern allies
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
Jr synonym |
First described as a Dennstaedtia species. |
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Comb nov |
valid |
A Dennstaedtia species. |
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Comb nov |
A Thelypteris species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Herendeen Bay flora" |
A nymphaeaceous Castaliites species. |
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Sp nov |
Jr synonym |
"Cape Douglas flora" |
First described as an Osmunda species. |
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Sp nov |
Jr synonym |
First described as a Pteris species. |
Cycadophytes
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
A Ctenis species. |
Ginkgophytes
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subsp nov |
"Chinitna Bay flora" |
A Ginkgo subspecies. |
Conifers
editCupressaceae
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
Named as a Taxodium species. |
Flowering plants
editMagnoliids
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comb nov |
synonymy
|
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Sp nov |
"Russel Creek Flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
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Comb nov |
jr homonym |
Combination a jr homonym of Malapoenna magnifica (Kuntze, 1891) |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
First described as an avocado relative |
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Sp nov |
A pepper family species |
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Sp nov |
"Grade Trail cabin flora" |
A pepper family species |
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Sp nov |
A pepper family species |
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Sp nov |
"Canyon Creek flora" |
A pepper family species |
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Sp nov |
"Chignik Lake flora" |
A pepper family species |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
Monocots
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
A Palmacites morphospecies. |
Basal Eudicots and unplaced core Eudicots
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
"Chiguik River flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
A Dillenia species. |
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Sp nov |
"Troublesome Gulch flora" |
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Sp nov |
A Hakea species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Chignik River flora" |
First described as a Macclintockia species. |
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Sp nov |
"Rampart flora" |
A Platanus species. |
Superasterids
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
"Point Divide flora" |
An Aralia species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
A Coccoloba species. |
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Sp nov |
"Mount Chezum flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Chignik Bay flora" |
An ash species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
First described as an ash species. |
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Sp nov |
"Chignik Bay flora" |
A possible ash species. |
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Sp nov |
"Mogul Creek flora" |
An ash species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
First described as a Mohrodendron species |
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Sp nov |
jr homonym |
A rhododendron species. |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay Flora" |
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Sp nov |
Valid |
"Point Divide flora" |
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Sp nov |
Valid |
"Point Divide flora" |
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Sp nov |
Valid |
"Chignik Bay flora" |
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Sp nov |
Valid |
Superrosids
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Point Divide flora" |
First described as an Abutilon species. |
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Sp nov |
"Kootznahoo Inlet flora" |
An Acacia species. |
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Sp nov |
"Pumicestone Creek flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Rampart flora" |
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Comb nov |
An alder species. |
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Comb nov |
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Sp nov |
"Rampart flora" |
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Var nov |
"Bluff Point flora" |
A Betula confusa variety. |
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Sp nom nov |
A birch species. |
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Sp nov |
"Chignik River flora" |
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Sp nov |
A Carpinites betulaceous leaf morphospecies. |
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Sp nov |
"Dalton's coal outcrop flora" |
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Comb nov |
A grapevine species. |
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Sp nov |
"Dalton's coal outcrop flora" |
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Sp nov |
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Sp nov |
"Cape Nukhshak flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Kachemak Bay flora" |
Corylus macquarrii (of Heer, 1869 pro parte) |
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Sp nov |
"Cape Douglas flora" |
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Sp nov |
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Sp nov |
"Drew's mine flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Cape Nukhshak flora" |
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Sp nov |
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Sp nov |
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Sp nov |
"Bluff Point flora" |
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Sp nov |
A strawberry bush species. |
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Sp nov |
"Troublesome Gulch flora" |
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Sp nov |
A fig species. |
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Sp nov |
A fig species. |
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Sp nov |
"Chignik Bay flora" |
A fig species. |
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Sp nov |
jr homonym |
"Rampart flora" |
A Grewia species. |
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Sp nov |
"Nun point flora" |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Chignik Bay flora" |
First described as a Grewiopsis species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Mogul Creek flora" |
First described as a Grewiopsis species. |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
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Sp nov |
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Sp nov |
"Nun point flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Mogul Creek flora" |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Dalton's coal flora" |
First described as a Hampea species. |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Fritz Creek flora" |
A possible walnut species. |
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Sp nov |
"Hamilton Bay flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Rampart flora" |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Kachemak Bay flora" |
First described as a Lepargyraea species |
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Var nov |
"Cape Douglas flora" |
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Sp nov |
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Sp nov |
"Drew's mine flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Drew mine flora" |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
First described as a water elm species. |
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Sp nov |
"Cape Nukhshak flora" |
A cottonwood species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Admiralty Island flora" |
Described as a Populus species. |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"Chignik River flora" |
Described as a Populus species. |
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Var nov |
" Bluff Point flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Moose Creek flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Moose Creek flora" |
First described as a Pterospermites species. |
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Sp nov |
"Chignik Bay flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Moose Creek flora" |
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Sp nov |
A oak species. |
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Sp nov |
"Rampart flora" |
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Sp nov |
A rose species. |
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Sp nov |
"Bluff Point flora" |
A rose species. |
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Sp nov |
"Bradley Coal flora" |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
First described as a Semecarpus species. |
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Sp nov |
"Bryant Creek flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Drew's mine flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Fritz Creek flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Kootznahoo Inlet flora" |
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Sp nov |
"Kootznahoo Inlet flora" |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
First described as an elm species. |
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Sp nov |
"Kootznahoo inlet flora" |
Other flowering plants
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
Valid |
"Moose Creek flora" |
Stellate inflorescences of uncertain affinity |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
"King Salmon Lake flora" |
A fruit of initial uncertain affinity |
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Sp nov |
jr synonym |
A fruit of initial uncertain affinity |
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Sp nov |
Valid |
"Bryant Creek flora" |
A probable flower of uncertain affinity |
Arthropods
editInsects
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
Moved to Baltimartyria proavitella in 1995 |
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Comb nov |
valid |
(Cockerell & Custer) |
An inocelliid snakefly |
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Comb nov |
jr synonym |
A raphidiid snakefly |
Archosauromorphs
editDinosaurs
editData courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[18]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nipponosaurus[19] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Nagao |
upper Yezo Group |
A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid. |
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Segisaurus[20] |
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Jurassic |
A coelophysoid theropod |
Pterosaurs
editName | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen sp et comb nov |
jr synonym |
Stolley |
Jurassic |
A rhamphorhynchid pterosaur |
Synapsids
editNon-mammalian
editName | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior synonym |
von Huene |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
Junior synonym of Chiniquodon. |
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Valid |
Broom |
Middle Abrahamskraal Formation |
A gorgonopsian. |
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Valid |
von Huene |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A member of Chiniquodontidae. |
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Valid |
Broom |
A gorgonopsian. |
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Preoccupied |
Broom |
Middle Permian |
A member of Dinocephalia. |
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Valid |
Broom |
Late Permian |
A gorgonopsian. |
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Valid |
Broom |
Late Permian |
A member of Thrinaxodontidae. |
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Junior synonym |
Broom |
Late Permian |
A junior synonym of Theriognathus. |
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Parrington |
Late Permian |
Kawinga Formation |
A junior synonym of Procynosuchus. |
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Junior synonym |
Broili and Schroeder |
Early Triassic |
A junior synonym of Diademodon. |
||||
Valid |
von Huene |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
References
edit- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk Hollick, A.; Smith, P. (1936). The Tertiary floras of Alaska, with a chapter on the geology of the Tertiary deposits (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–185. doi:10.3133/pp182. 182.
- ^ a b c d e f g Wolfe, J.A. (1977). Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 997. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–108. doi:10.3133/pp997.
- ^ Jablonszky, J. "A tarnóci mediterrán korú flóra". A Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet évkönyve. 22 (14): 227–273.
- ^ Reed, C. "Index Thelypteridis". Phytologia. 17 (14): 249–328.
- ^ Rüffle, L. "Myricaceae, Leguminosae, Icacinaceae, Sterculiaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Monocotyledones, Coniferae". Abhandlungen des Zentralen Geologischen Instituts. 26: 337–438.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i LaMotte, R.S. (1952). Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 51. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/MEM51.
- ^ Budantsev, L. (1983). History of the Arctic flora of the Early Cainozoic. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", Leningradskoe otdelenie. p. 37.
- ^ a b Wolfe, J.A. (1966). Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 398. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–32. doi:10.3133/pp398B.
- ^ Chelebaeva, A. (1984). "Genus Cordia (Boraginaceae) in the Palaeogene of Kamchatka and adjacent territories". Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 69 (5): 605–615.
- ^ Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.
- ^ Han, M.; Manchester, S.; Fu, Q.-Y.; Jin, J.-H.; Quan, C. (2018). "Paleogene fossil fruits of Stephania (Menispermaceae) from North America and East Asia". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56 (2): 81–91. doi:10.1111/jse.12288. S2CID 90749898.
- ^ Mey, Wolfram (2011). "On the systematic position of Baltimartyria Skalski, 1995 and description of a new species from Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)". ZooKeys (130): 331–342. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1480. PMC 3260770. PMID 22259287.
- ^ a b Carpenter, F.M. (1936). "Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (Recent and Fossil)". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 89 (2): 89–158. doi:10.2307/20023217. JSTOR 20023217.
- ^ Cockerell, T. D. A.; Custer, C. (1925). "A New Fossil Inocellia (Neuroptera) from Florissant". The Entomologist. 58: 295–297.
- ^ Cockerell, T. (1909). "Some fossil arthropods from Florissant, Colorado". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 23: 605–616.
- ^ Makarkin, V.; Archibald, S. (2014). "A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha". Zootaxa. 3784 (4): 401–444. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4. PMID 24872063.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Nagao, T. 1936. Nipponosaurus sachalinensis, a new genus and species of trachodont dinosaur from Japanese Saghalien. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Hokkaido, Geology and Minerals 3 (2): pp. 185-220.
- ^ Camp, C.L. (1936). "A new type of small bipedal dinosaur from the Navajo Sandstone of Arizona". Univ. California Publ. Geol. Sci. 24: 39–56.