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1916 United States presidential election in Virginia

Main article: 1916 United States presidential election

The 1916 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 7, 1916. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

1916 United States presidential election in Virginia
← 1912 November 7, 1916 1920 →
 
Nominee Woodrow Wilson Charles Evans Hughes
Party Democratic Republican
Home state New Jersey New York
Running mate Thomas R. Marshall Charles W. Fairbanks
Electoral vote 12 0
Popular vote 102,824 49,356
Percentage 66.77% 32.05%
County Results
President before election

Woodrow Wilson
Democratic

Elected President

Woodrow Wilson
Democratic

The 1900s had seen Virginia, like all former Confederate States, almost completely disenfranchise its black and poor white populations through the use of a cumulative poll tax and literacy tests.[1] So severe was the disenfranchising effect of the new 1902 Constitution that the electorate for the 1904 presidential election was halved compared to that of previous elections, and it has been calculated that a third of those who voted were state employees and officeholders.[1]

This limited electorate meant Virginian politics was controlled by political machines based in Southside Virginia — firstly one led by Thomas Staples Martin and after he died the Byrd Organization. Progressive “antiorganization” factions were rendered impotent by the inability of almost all of their potential electorate to vote.[2] Unlike the Deep South, historical fusion with the “Readjuster” Democrats,[3] defection of substantial proportions of the Northeast-aligned white electorate of the Shenandoah Valley and Southwest Virginia over free silver,[4] and an early move towards a “lily white” Jim Crow party[3] meant that in general elections the Republicans retained around one-third of the small statewide electorate,[5] with the majority of GOP support located in the western part of the state. However, in many parts of the state — like in Tennessee during the same period — the parties avoided competition by an agreed division over local offices.[2]

Unlike in 1908, neither major party campaigned in the state — which had voted Democratic in every election since 1876 — during the fall. A straw ballot taken early in September saw Democratic nominee and incumbent President Woodrow Wilson gaining seventy-nine votes to the Republican nominee, former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes’ six.[6] Later straw polls in October did not even include the state, and ultimate Virginia voted for Wilson by a slightly greater majority than he had won four years previously. Wilson ultimately won the national election with 49.24 percent of the vote.

Results

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1916 United States presidential election in Virginia[7]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Woodrow Wilson (inc.) 102,824 66.77% 12
Republican Charles E. Hughes 49,356 32.05% 0
Socialist Allan L. Benson 1,062 0.69% 0
Prohibition Frank Hanly 683 0.45% 0
Socialist Labor Arthur E. Reimer 67 0.04% 0
Totals 153,992 100.00% 12

Results by county

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1916 United States presidential election in Virginia by counties and independent cities[8]
County or Independent City Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Democratic 		Charles Evans Hughes
Republican 		Allan Louis Benson
Socialist 		James Franklin Hanly
Prohibition 		Arthur Elmer Reimer
Socialist Labor 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # % # %
Accomack County 1,745 84.30% 299 14.44% 0 0.00% 26 1.26% 0 0.00% 1,446 69.86% 2,070
Albemarle County 1,376 86.05% 223 13.95% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1,153 72.11% 1,599
Alexandria County 515 54.21% 412 43.37% 14 1.47% 8 0.84% 1 0.11% 103 10.84% 950
Alleghany County 544 54.78% 432 43.50% 3 0.30% 14 1.41% 0 0.00% 112 11.28% 993
Amelia County 403 82.58% 80 16.39% 1 0.20% 3 0.61% 1 0.20% 323 66.19% 488
Amherst County 1,142 91.58% 93 7.46% 10 0.80% 1 0.08% 1 0.08% 1,049 84.12% 1,247
Appomattox County 700 83.73% 133 15.91% 2 0.24% 0 0.00% 1 0.12% 567 67.82% 836
Augusta County 1,751 66.23% 845 31.96% 8 0.30% 40 1.51% 0 0.00% 906 34.27% 2,644
Bath County 387 63.24% 219 35.78% 0 0.00% 6 0.98% 0 0.00% 168 27.45% 612
Bedford County 1,628 84.05% 298 15.38% 7 0.36% 4 0.21% 0 0.00% 1,330 68.66% 1,937
Bland County 356 45.64% 420 53.85% 0 0.00% 4 0.51% 0 0.00% -64 -8.21% 780
Botetourt County 900 53.22% 775 45.83% 2 0.12% 13 0.77% 1 0.06% 125 7.39% 1,691
Brunswick County 772 90.40% 82 9.60% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 690 80.80% 854
Buchanan County 720 46.33% 827 53.22% 1 0.06% 3 0.19% 3 0.19% -107 -6.89% 1,554
Buckingham County 625 76.78% 181 22.24% 7 0.86% 1 0.12% 0 0.00% 444 54.55% 814
Campbell County 1,007 79.60% 185 14.62% 67 5.30% 6 0.47% 0 0.00% 822 64.98% 1,265
Caroline County 637 75.83% 198 23.57% 0 0.00% 4 0.48% 1 0.12% 439 52.26% 840
Carroll County 858 37.60% 1,424 62.40% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% -566 -24.80% 2,282
Charles City County 139 70.56% 57 28.93% 0 0.00% 1 0.51% 0 0.00% 82 41.62% 197
Charlotte County 856 78.39% 227 20.79% 9 0.82% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 629 57.60% 1,092
Chesterfield County 699 81.47% 141 16.43% 10 1.17% 8 0.93% 0 0.00% 558 65.03% 858
Clarke County 590 92.19% 49 7.66% 0 0.00% 1 0.16% 0 0.00% 541 84.53% 640
Craig County 369 64.62% 200 35.03% 2 0.35% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 169 29.60% 571
Culpeper County 849 81.79% 184 17.73% 1 0.10% 4 0.39% 0 0.00% 665 64.07% 1,038
Cumberland County 446 85.93% 73 14.07% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 373 71.87% 519
Dickenson County 650 45.42% 753 52.62% 27 1.89% 1 0.07% 0 0.00% -103 -7.20% 1,431
Dinwiddie County 592 87.32% 85 12.54% 0 0.00% 1 0.15% 0 0.00% 507 74.78% 678
Elizabeth City County 411 73.39% 132 23.57% 10 1.79% 5 0.89% 2 0.36% 279 49.82% 560
Essex County 302 79.68% 77 20.32% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 225 59.37% 379
Fairfax County 1,179 70.77% 472 28.33% 5 0.30% 10 0.60% 0 0.00% 707 42.44% 1,666
Fauquier County 1,204 76.49% 367 23.32% 2 0.13% 1 0.06% 0 0.00% 837 53.18% 1,574
Floyd County[a] 472 34.58% 893 65.42% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% -421 -30.84% 1,365
Fluvanna County[a] 513 86.36% 81 13.64% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 432 72.73% 594
Franklin County 1,481 57.36% 1,094 42.37% 6 0.23% 1 0.04% 0 0.00% 387 14.99% 2,582
Frederick County 1,194 75.52% 366 23.15% 11 0.70% 10 0.63% 0 0.00% 828 52.37% 1,581
Giles County 839 58.26% 596 41.39% 2 0.14% 2 0.14% 1 0.07% 243 16.88% 1,440
Gloucester County 582 80.17% 142 19.56% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 0.28% 440 60.61% 726
Goochland County 413 67.59% 193 31.59% 5 0.82% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 220 36.01% 611
Grayson County 967 43.66% 1,244 56.16% 2 0.09% 1 0.05% 1 0.05% -277 -12.51% 2,215
Greene County 221 48.04% 239 51.96% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% -18 -3.91% 460
Greensville County 392 83.40% 76 16.17% 0 0.00% 2 0.43% 0 0.00% 316 67.23% 470
Halifax County 1,781 77.74% 493 21.52% 15 0.65% 2 0.09% 0 0.00% 1,288 56.22% 2,291
Hanover County 760 86.96% 102 11.67% 7 0.80% 5 0.57% 0 0.00% 658 75.29% 874
Henrico County 690 81.18% 140 16.47% 15 1.76% 1 0.12% 4 0.47% 550 64.71% 850
Henry County 851 59.55% 567 39.68% 6 0.42% 5 0.35% 0 0.00% 284 19.87% 1,429
Highland County 370 54.17% 310 45.39% 0 0.00% 3 0.44% 0 0.00% 60 8.78% 683
Isle of Wight County 679 82.80% 140 17.07% 0 0.00% 1 0.12% 0 0.00% 539 65.73% 820
James City County 127 77.91% 34 20.86% 0 0.00% 2 1.23% 0 0.00% 93 57.06% 163
King and Queen County 271 68.09% 127 31.91% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 144 36.18% 398
King George County 223 50.34% 217 48.98% 1 0.23% 2 0.45% 0 0.00% 6 1.35% 443
King William County 342 74.19% 119 25.81% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 223 48.37% 461
Lancaster County 461 88.31% 58 11.11% 0 0.00% 3 0.57% 0 0.00% 403 77.20% 522
Lee County 1,287 44.86% 1,569 54.69% 11 0.38% 1 0.03% 1 0.03% -282 -9.83% 2,869
Loudoun County 1,490 77.52% 404 21.02% 2 0.10% 26 1.35% 0 0.00% 1,086 56.50% 1,922
Louisa County 710 72.08% 263 26.70% 8 0.81% 4 0.41% 0 0.00% 447 45.38% 985
Lunenburg County 814 86.87% 110 11.74% 12 1.28% 0 0.00% 1 0.11% 704 75.13% 937
Madison County 572 61.64% 348 37.50% 0 0.00% 7 0.75% 1 0.11% 224 24.14% 928
Mathews County 549 83.94% 90 13.76% 0 0.00% 15 2.29% 0 0.00% 459 70.18% 654
Mecklenburg County 1,317 85.30% 222 14.38% 0 0.00% 5 0.32% 0 0.00% 1,095 70.92% 1,544
Middlesex County 373 70.64% 155 29.36% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 218 41.29% 528
Montgomery County 765 45.89% 891 53.45% 1 0.06% 10 0.60% 0 0.00% -126 -7.56% 1,667
Nansemond County 663 90.45% 70 9.55% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 593 80.90% 733
Nelson County 1,063 81.02% 249 18.98% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 814 62.04% 1,312
New Kent County 192 72.73% 69 26.14% 1 0.38% 2 0.76% 0 0.00% 123 46.59% 264
Norfolk County 1,612 68.98% 684 29.27% 19 0.81% 8 0.34% 14 0.60% 928 39.71% 2,337
Northampton County 802 87.17% 109 11.85% 0 0.00% 9 0.98% 0 0.00% 693 75.33% 920
Northumberland County 503 81.52% 111 17.99% 0 0.00% 3 0.49% 0 0.00% 392 63.53% 617
Nottoway County 608 85.88% 91 12.85% 4 0.56% 5 0.71% 0 0.00% 517 73.02% 708
Orange County 608 79.58% 153 20.03% 1 0.13% 1 0.13% 1 0.13% 455 59.55% 764
Page County 842 57.01% 613 41.50% 4 0.27% 17 1.15% 1 0.07% 229 15.50% 1,477
Patrick County 872 51.60% 815 48.22% 1 0.06% 2 0.12% 0 0.00% 57 3.37% 1,690
Pittsylvania County 2,012 70.52% 801 28.08% 30 1.05% 10 0.35% 0 0.00% 1,211 42.45% 2,853
Powhatan County 233 67.34% 112 32.37% 1 0.29% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 121 34.97% 346
Prince Edward County 668 86.08% 108 13.92% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 560 72.16% 776
Prince George County 258 77.95% 72 21.75% 1 0.30% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 186 56.19% 331
Prince William County 754 79.37% 192 20.21% 2 0.21% 2 0.21% 0 0.00% 562 59.16% 950
Princess Anne County 515 88.34% 67 11.49% 0 0.00% 1 0.17% 0 0.00% 448 76.84% 583
Pulaski County 1,057 56.71% 721 38.68% 0 0.00% 86 4.61% 0 0.00% 336 18.03% 1,864
Rappahannock County 401 81.50% 84 17.07% 7 1.42% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 317 64.43% 492
Richmond County 329 64.64% 180 35.36% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 149 29.27% 509
Roanoke County 850 63.24% 460 34.23% 26 1.93% 8 0.60% 0 0.00% 390 29.02% 1,344
Rockbridge County 1,049 63.15% 601 36.18% 6 0.36% 5 0.30% 0 0.00% 448 26.97% 1,661
Rockingham County 1,650 54.78% 1,322 43.89% 15 0.50% 25 0.83% 0 0.00% 328 10.89% 3,012
Russell County 1,570 52.49% 1,410 47.14% 4 0.13% 4 0.13% 3 0.10% 160 5.35% 2,991
Scott County 1,319 42.87% 1,743 56.65% 13 0.42% 1 0.03% 1 0.03% -424 -13.78% 3,077
Shenandoah County 1,440 49.21% 1,425 48.70% 37 1.26% 24 0.82% 0 0.00% 15 0.51% 2,926
Smyth County 1,134 46.04% 1,321 53.63% 5 0.20% 2 0.08% 1 0.04% -187 -7.59% 2,463
Southampton County 1,045 89.09% 128 10.91% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 917 78.18% 1,173
Spotsylvania County 398 61.33% 249 38.37% 0 0.00% 2 0.31% 0 0.00% 149 22.96% 649
Stafford County 444 51.15% 422 48.62% 0 0.00% 2 0.23% 0 0.00% 22 2.53% 868
Surry County 430 81.59% 90 17.08% 4 0.76% 3 0.57% 0 0.00% 340 64.52% 527
Sussex County 486 82.79% 96 16.35% 2 0.34% 3 0.51% 0 0.00% 390 66.44% 587
Tazewell County 1,108 40.74% 1,591 58.49% 11 0.40% 10 0.37% 0 0.00% -483 -17.76% 2,720
Warren County 583 72.24% 214 26.52% 0 0.00% 10 1.24% 0 0.00% 369 45.72% 807
Warwick County 97 64.67% 53 35.33% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 44 29.33% 150
Washington County 1,863 51.91% 1,717 47.84% 2 0.06% 7 0.20% 0 0.00% 146 4.07% 3,589
Westmoreland County 338 72.69% 126 27.10% 1 0.22% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 212 45.59% 465
Wise County 1,468 43.63% 1,862 55.33% 33 0.98% 1 0.03% 1 0.03% -394 -11.71% 3,365
Wythe County 1,334 49.23% 1,370 50.55% 2 0.07% 2 0.07% 2 0.07% -36 -1.33% 2,710
York County 247 82.89% 51 17.11% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 196 65.77% 298
Alexandria City 1,038 73.51% 364 25.78% 6 0.42% 3 0.00% 1 0.07% 674 47.73% 1,412
Bristol City 489 72.23% 184 27.18% 3 0.44% 1 0.60% 0 0.00% 305 45.05% 677
Buena Vista City 158 62.70% 92 36.51% 0 0.00% 2 0.30% 0 0.00% 66 26.19% 252
Charlottesville City 618 83.63% 117 15.83% 3 0.41% 1 0.83% 0 0.00% 501 67.79% 739
Clifton Forge City 455 74.35% 104 16.99% 48 7.84% 5 0.13% 0 0.00% 351 57.35% 612
Danville City 1,151 76.99% 229 15.32% 107 7.16% 7 0.03% 1 0.07% 922 61.67% 1,495
Fredericksburg City 380 68.59% 173 31.23% 0 0.00% 1 0.82% 0 0.00% 207 37.36% 554
Hampton City 350 85.37% 56 13.66% 3 0.73% 1 0.08% 0 0.00% 294 71.71% 410
Harrisonburg City 346 51.64% 319 47.61% 4 0.60% 1 0.00% 0 0.00% 27 4.03% 670
Hopewell City 24 85.71% 3 10.71% 1 3.57% 0 0.31% 0 0.00% 21 75.00% 28
Lynchburg City 1,465 79.53% 353 19.16% 16 0.87% 8 0.23% 0 0.00% 1,112 60.37% 1,842
Newport News City 939 64.10% 465 31.74% 52 3.55% 5 0.57% 4 0.27% 474 32.35% 1,465
Norfolk City 3,234 75.35% 963 22.44% 72 1.68% 23 0.51% 0 0.00% 2,271 52.91% 4,292
Petersburg City 1,155 87.04% 161 12.13% 3 0.23% 7 0.37% 1 0.08% 994 74.91% 1,327
Portsmouth City 1,368 75.54% 376 20.76% 52 2.87% 13 1.24% 2 0.11% 992 54.78% 1,811
Radford City 206 63.00% 115 35.17% 5 1.53% 1 0.00% 0 0.00% 91 27.83% 327
Richmond City 6,987 84.15% 1,210 14.57% 76 0.92% 24 0.20% 6 0.07% 5,777 69.58% 8,303
Roanoke City 2,246 76.14% 610 20.68% 78 2.64% 10 0.00% 6 0.20% 1,636 55.46% 2,950
Staunton City 511 61.34% 311 37.33% 0 0.00% 11 0.03% 0 0.00% 200 24.01% 833
Suffolk City 437 72.35% 158 26.16% 1 0.17% 8 0.07% 0 0.00% 279 46.19% 604
Williamsburg City 97 82.20% 21 17.80% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 76 64.41% 118
Winchester City 468 68.42% 196 28.65% 2 0.29% 18 2.63% 0 0.00% 272 39.77% 684
Totals 102,825 66.78% 49,358 32.05% 1,062 0.69% 683 0.44% 67 0.04% 53,467 34.72% 153,984

Notes

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  1. ^ a b These figures are taken from the World Almanac, because the Report of the Secretary of the Commonwealth did not provide (or lost) the returns for this county.

References

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  1. ^ a b Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. Yale University Press. pp. 178–181. ISBN 0-300-01696-4.
  2. ^ a b Key, Valdimer Orlando (1949). Southern Politics in State and Nation. pp. 20–25.
  3. ^ a b Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (March 19, 2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. Cambridge University Press. pp. 217–221. ISBN 978-1107158436.
  4. ^ Moger, Allen. "The Rift in Virginia Democracy in 1896". The Journal of Southern History. 4 (3): 295–317. doi:10.2307/2191291. JSTOR 2191291.
  5. ^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 210, 242 ISBN 978-0-691-16324-6
  6. ^ "Will Win Without Vote of Solid South". The Carson City Daily Appeal. Carson City, Nevada. September 6, 1916. p. 2.
  7. ^ "1916 Presidential General Election Results — Virginia". Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.
  8. ^ Robinson, Edgar Eugene; The Presidential Vote 1896-1932, pp. 354-361 ISBN 9780804716963
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