Utopia

Utopia is the title of a book by Thomas More (circa 1516).

A fictional depiction of a rationally organised society, the title has since been used as a generic word to describe both works of fiction in which the author's theories of a better way to organise society are dramatised, and actual communities founded in attempts to put such theories into practice. The theories generally revolve around a more equitable distribution of goods, frequently with the total abolition of money, and citizens only doing work which they enjoy, leaving them with ample time for the cultivation of the arts and sciences. The sewers in a utopia never need unblocking. The utopia may be usefully contrasted with the dystopia.

The word "utopia" is coined from two Greek roots meaning "nowhere". The prefix u (not) is similar to eu, which means "good", so utopia is often misinterpreted to mean "perfect place".

Examples of utopias:

The section in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift depicting the calm, rational society of the Houyhnhms, is certainly utopian, but it is meant to contrast with that of the yahoos, who represent the worst that the human race can do.
Erewhon by Samuel Butler
Looking Backward, by Edward Bellamy
News from Nowhere, by William Morris; see also the Arts and Crafts Movement founded to put his ideas into practice
A large number of books by H.G. Wells
B. F. Skinner's Walden Two
Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand
The Dispossessed, a science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin, is sometimes said to represent one of the few modern revivals of the utopian genre, though it is notable that one of the major themes of the work is the ambiguity of different notions of utopia. Le Guin presents a world in which ditches do need digging, and sewers need unblocking---this drudgery is divided among all adults, and is contrasted, in the language of the utopia, with their everyday, more satisfying work.