Bt-Toxine
Pestizid Crystal 1Ab (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) | ||
---|---|---|
Masse/Länge Primärstruktur | 1155 Aminosäuren | |
Bezeichner | ||
Gen-Name(n) | cry1A(b) | |
Externe IDs | ||
Transporter-Klassifikation | ||
TCDB | 1.C.78 | |
Bezeichnung | Crystal Protein Family |
Cytolytisches δ-Endotoxin (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) | ||
---|---|---|
Masse/Länge Primärstruktur | 249 Aminosäuren | |
Bezeichner | ||
Gen-Name(n) | cytA | |
Externe IDs | ||
Transporter-Klassifikation | ||
TCDB | 1.C.71 | |
Bezeichnung | Cytolytische δ-Endotoxine |
Bt-Toxine (von Bacillus thuringiensis δ-Endotoxine) sind Giftstoffe, die von der Bakterienart Bacillus thuringiensis produziert werden können. Sie zählen zu den Proteinen und werden in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Wirkmechanismus eingeteilt in die drei Gruppen der Cry-Toxine (englisch crystal toxins, zusammengefasst auch als parasporin bezeichnet),[1] der Cyt-Toxine (englisch cytolytic toxins) und der VIP-Toxine.[2]
Eigenschaften
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Viele Bacillus thuringiensis-Stämme (Bt) produzieren diese Endotoxine als Präproteine, die sich in kristallinen Einschlüssen während der Sporulation der Bakterien anlagern. Im Darm des Wirtsorganismus werden diese Kristalle aufgelöst und die Präproteine geschnitten. Dabei entstehen funktionsfähige Proteine, die nur in den Stoffwechsel des Zielorganismus eingreifen und somit als Insektizid wirken. Die Wirksamkeit und Spezifität des Bt-Cry-Toxins haben es zu einem weit verwendeten Mittel in der Landwirtschaft werden lassen. Es gilt für Nicht-Insekten, wie den Menschen, als ungiftig und ist daher zum Beispiel auch im ökologischen Landbau ein zertifiziertes Mittel. Auch wurden mithilfe der Gentechnik sogenannte Bt-Pflanzen hergestellt, die Bt-Toxine synthetisieren. Bt-Toxine werden seit 1938 als Insektizide eingesetzt.[3]
Cry-Toxine
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Cry-Toxine werden als Prototoxine gebildet und entfalten unter bestimmten Einflüssen im Insektenkörper ihre Wirkung. Das Präprotein des Toxins kann sich nur im alkalischen Milieu, wie im Verdauungstrakt der Insekten, lösen. Artspezifische Proteasen schneiden dann das aktive toxische Zentrum frei, welches bis dahin am N-Terminus des Prototoxins hing. Das Toxin erkennt bestimmte Kohlenwasserstoffstrukturen an der Oberfläche von Zellen im Verdauungstrakt der Insektenlarven und verursacht dort als porenbildendes Toxin die Bildung von Poren, die das osmotische Potential der Zelle zerstören und damit Cytolyse bewirken.[4]
Aufbau
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Cry-Toxine bestehen aus drei Domänen. Eine Domäne besteht großteils aus α-Helices, die anderen beiden aus β-Faltblattstrukturen. Homologien zwischen den einzelnen Cry-Toxinen finden sich nur in fünf strukturerhaltenden Bereichen im Inneren des Proteins, während alle anderen unterschiedlich auf die spezifischen Wirtsbedingungen zugeschnitten sind.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bt_toxin.jpg/220px-Bt_toxin.jpg)
Die α-Helices-Domäne (I) besteht aus sieben Helices, die für die Entstehung der Membranporen zuständig sind. Während die zentrale Helix hydrophob, also wasserabweisend ist, verhalten sich alle anderen amphipathisch: Die äußeren Bereiche sind hydrophil und die inneren hydrophob. Fünf der externen Helices sind lang genug um eine 30 ‰ Membran zu durchspannen. Dabei kommt es zu einer Inversion der hydrophob/hydrophilen Bereiche, so dass die Lipide der Membran an die hydrophoben Bereiche der Helices angrenzen.
Die zweite Domäne ist für die Bindung am Zell-Rezeptor verantwortlich. Sie besteht aus drei antiparallelen β-Flächen, die eine sogenannte β-Prisma-Struktur bilden. Jede der Flächen bildet eine Schleife auf einer Seite des Prismas aus, die als funktionelles Lektin Glykosylierungen an der Membranoberfläche erkennen und binden kann.
Die dritte Domäne besteht aus zwei ineinander verschlungenen β-Faltblatt-Strukturen, die eine sogenannte Jelly-roll-Oberfläche bilden. Ihre Funktion ist noch nicht vollständig erforscht, jedoch ist sicher, dass sie einen stabilisierenden Effekt auf das Protein hat. Die Domäne schließt ein Loch zwischen den anderen beiden Domänen und schützt das Toxin so vor Proteasen. Zum anderen enthält diese Domäne mindestens zwei Bindungsstellen, die – so wird angenommen – nicht nur wie Lektin spezifische Kohlenwasserstoffe, sondern auch Peptide binden können.
Verwendung in Saatgut
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Die erste Generation von Bt-Maissorten kam 1997 auf den Markt. Dazu gehörten MON 810 mit dem cry1Ab-Gen für Toxizität gegen Maiszünsler (Ostrinia nubilalis, Kurzbezeichnung ECB für European Corn Borer) und MON 863 mit Resistenz gegen den Westlichen Maiswurzelbohrer (Diabrotica virgifera, Kurzbezeichnung CRW für corn rootworm). Den Durchbruch für den kommerziellen Erfolg dieser Pflanzen brachten die Stacked Traits, also gestapelte Eigenschaften mit mehr als einen Resistenzgen. Dazu gehören MON 89034, welcher die Glyphosat-Toleranz mit den Proteinen Cry1A.105 und Cry2Ab2 (gegen ECB) kombiniert,[5] und MON 88017, welcher die Glyphosat-Toleranz mit der CRW-Resistenz von MON 863 kombiniert.[6] Der letzte Schritt in dieser Entwicklung war SmartStax (MON 89034 × TC1507 × MON 88017 × DAS-59122-7), welches zwei Toxine gegen CRW (Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 und Cry3Bb1), drei gegen ECB und weitere Schädlinge (Cry 1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Cry1F) sowie Glyphosat- und Glufosinat-Toleranz enthält.[7]
Resistenzen von Schadinsekten
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]In der Vergangenheit wurden verschiedene Schadinsekten gefunden, die gegenüber einzelnen Bt-Toxinen resistent sind.[8][9] Im Sommer 2009 wurde in Iowa die Resistenz des Westlichen Maiswurzelbohrers gegen Cry3Bb1 entdeckt.[10] Der wahrscheinliche Grund ist dabei meist eine nicht-rezessive Vererbung sowie eine unzureichende Einhaltung von Refugienflächen (Flächen, auf denen nicht-transgene Pflanzen angepflanzt werden[11]). Um möglichen Resistenzbildungen bei Zielinsekten entgegenzuwirken, wurden 2007 an der Universität von Mexiko (UNAM) erstmals ein Gen und das dadurch erzeugte Bt-Toxin so verändert, dass es wieder wirksam wurde.[12] Auf diesen Forschungen aufbauend und mit Hilfe von Erkenntnissen zum Mechanismus von Resistenzbildung bei Fraßschädlingen präsentierte 2011 eine internationale Forschergruppe die modifizierten Proteine Cry1AbMod und Cry1AcMod. Die neuen Toxine erwiesen sich als sehr effizient gegen Schädlinge, die ihre Resistenz auf Grund verschiedener Mutationen erlangt hatten. Weitere Forschungen haben die Eignung für die Landwirtschaft zum Ziel, um eine sichere Wirkung gegen Fraßschädlinge zu garantieren.[13]
Liste von δ-Endotoxinen
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Name | Sequenz | NCBI | Beschreiber | Jahr | Ursprungsstamm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cry1Aa1 | AAA22353 | 142765 | Schnepf et al.[14] | 1985 | Bt kurstaki HD1 |
Cry1Aa2 | AAA22552 | 551713 | Shibano et al. | 1985 | Bt sotto |
Cry1Aa3 | BAA00257 | 216284 | Shimizu et al. | 1988 | Bt aizawai IPL7 |
Cry1Aa4 | CAA31886 | 40267 | Masson et al. | 1989 | Bt entomocidus |
Cry1Aa5 | BAA04468 | 535781 | Udayasuriyan et al. | 1994 | Bt Fu-2-7 |
Cry1Aa6 | AAA86265 | 1171233 | Masson et al. | 1994 | Bt kurstaki NRD-12 |
Cry1Aa7 | AAD46139 | 5669035 | Osman et al. | 1999 | Bt C12 |
Cry1Aa9 | BAA77213 | 4666284 | Nagamatsu et al. | 1999 | Bt dendrolimus T84A1 |
Cry1Aa10 | AAD55382 | 5901703 | Hou and Chen | 1999 | Bt kurstaki HD-1-02 |
Cry1Aa11 | CAA70856 | 6687073 | Tounsi et al. | 1999 | Bt kurstaki |
Cry1Aa12 | AAP80146 | 32344731 | Yao et al. | 2001 | Bt Ly30 |
Cry1Aa13 | AAM44305 | 21239436 | Zhong et al. | 2002 | Bt sotto |
Cry1Aa14 | AAP40639 | 37781497 | Ren et al. | 2002 | unpublished |
Cry1Aa15 | AAY66993 | 67089177 | Sauka et al. | 2005 | Bt INTA Mol-12 |
Cry1Aa16 | HQ439776 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt Ps9-E2 | |
Cry1Aa17 | HQ439788 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt PS9-C12 | |
Cry1Aa18 | HQ439790 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt PS9-D12 | |
Cry1Aa19 | HQ685121 | 337732098 | Li & Luo | 2011 | Bt LS-R-21 |
Cry1Aa20 | JF340156 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-798 | |
Cry1Aa21 | JN651496 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-209 | |
Cry1Aa22 | KC158223 | El Khoury et al. | 2013 | Bt Lip | |
Cry1Aa23 | KJ125392 | Padaria et al. | 2014 | Bt | |
Cry1Aa24 | AGH68331 | Ravi Charan et al. | 2013 | Btk NAIMCC-B-00167 | |
Cry1Ab1 | AAA22330 | 142720 | Wabiko et al. | 1986 | Bt berliner 1715 |
Cry1Ab2 | AAA22613 | 143227 | Thorne et al. | 1986 | Bt kurstaki |
Cry1Ab3 | AAA22561 | 143124 | Geiser et al. | 1986 | Bt kurstaki HD1 |
Cry1Ab4 | BAA00071 | 216280 | Kondo et al. | 1987 | Bt kurstaki HD1 |
Cry1Ab5 | CAA28405 | 40255 | Hofte et al. | 1986 | Bt berliner 1715 |
Cry1Ab6 | AAA22420 | 142886 | Hefford et al. | 1987 | Bt kurstaki NRD-12 |
Cry1Ab7 | CAA31620 | 40278 | Haider & Ellar | 1988 | Bt aizawai IC1 |
Cry1Ab8 | AAA22551 | 143099 | Oeda et al. | 1987 | Bt aizawai IPL7 |
Cry1Ab9 | CAA38701 | 40273 | Chak & Jen | 1993 | Bt aizawai HD133 |
Cry1Ab10 | A29125 | Fischhoff et al. | 1987 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry1Ab12 | AAC64003 | 3746545 | Silva-Werneck et al. | 1998 | Bt kurstaki S93 |
Cry1Ab13 | AAN76494 | 25990352 | Tan et al. | 2002 | Bt c005 |
Cry1Ab14 | AAG16877 | 10440886 | Meza-Basso & Theoduloz | 2000 | Native Chilean Bt |
Cry1Ab15 | AAO13302 | 27436100 | Li et al. | 2001 | Bt B-Hm-16 |
Cry1Ab16 | AAK55546 | 14190061 | Yu et al. | 2002 | Bt AC-11 |
Cry1Ab17 | AAT46415 | 48734426 | Huang et al. | 2004 | Bt WB9 |
Cry1Ab18 | AAQ88259 | 37048803 | Stobdan et al. | 2004 | Bt |
Cry1Ab19 | AAW31761 | 56900936 | Zhong et al. | 2005 | Bt X-2 |
Cry1Ab20 | ABB72460 | 82395049 | Liu et al. | 2006 | BtC008 |
Cry1Ab21 | ABS18384 | 151655610 | Swiecicka et al. | 2007 | Bt IS5056 |
Cry1Ab22 | ABW87320 | 159024156 | Wu and Feng | 2008 | BtS2491Ab |
Cry1Ab23 | HQ439777 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt N32-2-2 | |
Cry1Ab24 | HQ439778 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Ab25 | HQ685122 | 337732100 | Li & Luo | 2011 | Bt LS-R-30 |
Cry1Ab26 | HQ847729 | 320090245 | Prathap Reddy et al. | 2011 | DOR BT-1 |
Cry1Ab27 | JN135249 | Ammouneh et al. (doi:10.3906/tar-1007-1117) | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab28 | JN135250 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab29 | JN135251 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab30 | JN135252 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab31 | JN135253 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab32 | JN135254 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab34 | KC156668 | Sampson et al. | 2012 | ARP102 | |
Cry1Ac1 | AAA22331 | Adang et al. | 1985 | Bt kurstaki HD73 | |
Cry1Ac2 | AAA22338 | Von Tersch et al. | 1991 | Bt kenyae | |
Cry1Ac3 | CAA38098 | Dardenne et al. | 1990 | Bt BTS89A | |
Cry1Ac4 | AAA73077 | Feitelson | 1991 | Bt kurstaki PS85A1 | |
Cry1Ac5 | AAA22339 | Feitelson | 1992 | Bt kurstaki PS81GG | |
Cry1Ac6 | AAA86266 | Masson et al. | 1994 | Bt kurstaki NRD-12 | |
Cry1Ac7 | AAB46989 | Herrera et al. | 1994 | Bt kurstaki HD73 | |
Cry1Ac8 | AAC44841 | Omolo et al. | 1997 | Bt kurstaki HD73 | |
Cry1Ac9 | AAB49768 | Gleave et al. | 1992 | Bt DSIR732 | |
Cry1Ac10 | CAA05505 | Sun | 1997 | Bt kurstaki YBT-1520 | |
Cry1Ac11 | CAA10270 | Makhdoom & Riazuddin | 1998 | ||
Cry1Ac13 | AAD38701 | Qiao et al. | 1999 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry1Ac14 | AAQ06607 | Yao et al. | 2002 | Bt Ly30 | |
Cry1Ac15 | AAN07788 | Tzeng et al. | 2001 | Bt from Taiwan | |
Cry1Ac16 | AAU87037 | Zhao et al. | 2005 | Bt H3 | |
Cry1Ac17 | AAX18704 | Hire et al. | 2005 | Bt kenyae HD549 | |
Cry1Ac18 | AAY88347 | Kaur & Allam | 2005 | Bt SK-729 | |
Cry1Ac19 | ABD37053 | Gao et al. | 2005 | Bt C-33 | |
Cry1Ac20 | ABB89046 | Tan et al. | 2005 | ||
Cry1Ac21 | AAY66992 | Sauka et al. | 2005 | INTA Mol-12 | |
Cry1Ac22 | ABZ01836 | Zhang & Fang | 2008 | Bt W015-1 | |
Cry1Ac23 | CAQ30431 | Kashyap et al. | 2008 | Bt | |
Cry1Ac24 | ABL01535 | Arango et al. | 2008 | Bt 146-158-01 | |
Cry1Ac25 | FJ513324 | 237688242 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt Tm37-6 |
Cry1Ac26 | FJ617446 | 256003038 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt Tm41-4 |
Cry1Ac27 | FJ617447 | 256003040 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt Tm44-1B |
Cry1Ac28 | ACM90319 | Li et al. | 2009 | Bt Q-12 | |
Cry1Ac29 | DQ438941 | Diego Sauka | 2009 | INTA TA24-6 | |
Cry1Ac30 | GQ227507 | Zhang et al. | 2010 | Bt S1478-1 | |
Cry1Ac31 | GU446674 | 319433505 | Zhao et al. | 2010 | Bt S3299-1 |
Cry1Ac32 | HM061081 | Lu et al. | 2010 | Bt ZQ-89 | |
Cry1Ac33 | GQ866913 | 306977639 | Kaur & Meena | 2011 | Bt SK-711 |
Cry1Ac34 | HQ230364 | 314906994 | Kaur & Kumari | 2010 | Bt SK-783 |
Cry1Ac35 | JF340157 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-784 | |
Cry1Ac36 | JN387137 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-958 | |
Cry1Ac37 | JQ317685 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-793 | |
Cry1Ac38 | ACC86135 | Lin et al. | 2008 | Bt LSZ9408 | |
Cry1Ad1 | AAA22340 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81I | |
Cry1Ad2 | CAA01880 | Anonymous | 1995 | Bt PS81RR1 | |
Cry1Ae1 | AAA22410 | Lee & Aronson | 1991 | Bt alesti | |
Cry1Af1 | AAB82749 | Kang et al. | 1997 | Bt NT0423 | |
Cry1Ag1 | AAD46137 | Mustafa | 1999 | ||
Cry1Ah1 | AAQ14326 | Tan et al. | 2000 | ||
Cry1Ah2 | ABB76664 | Qi et al. | 2005 | Bt alesti | |
Cry1Ah3 | HQ439779 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt S6 | |
Cry1Ai1 | AAO39719 | Wang et al. | 2002 | ||
Cry1Ai2 | HQ439780 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt SC6H8 | |
Cry1Aj1 | KJ28846 | Zonglan Yu | 2014 | ||
Cry1Ba1 | CAA29898 | Brizzard & Whiteley | 1988 | Bt thuringiensis HD2 | |
Cry1Ba2 | CAA65003 | Soetaert | 1996 | Bt entomocidus HD110 | |
Cry1Ba3 | AAK63251 | Zhang et al. | 2001 | ||
Cry1Ba4 | AAK51084 | Nathan et al. | 2001 | Bt entomocidus HD9 | |
Cry1Ba5 | ABO20894 | Song et al. | 2007 | Bt sfw-12 | |
Cry1Ba6 | ABL60921 | Martins et al. | 2006 | Bt S601 | |
Cry1Ba7 | HQ439781 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt N17-37 | |
Cry1Ba8 | KJ868173 | Palma et al. | 2014 | Bt Na205-3 | |
Cry1Bb1 | AAA22344 | Donovan et al. | 1994 | Bt EG5847 | |
Cry1Bb2 | HQ439782 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt WBT-2 | |
Cry1Bb3 | KJ619659 | Baonan et al. | 2014 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Bc1 | CAA86568 | Bishop et al. | 1994 | Bt morrisoni | |
Cry1Bd1 | AAD10292 | Kuo et al. | 2000 | Bt wuhanensis HD525 | |
Cry1Bd2 | AAM93496 | Isakova et al. | 2002 | Bt 834 | |
Cry1Be1 | AAC32850 | Payne et al. | 1998 | Bt PS158C2 | |
Cry1Be2 | AAQ52387 | Baum et al. | 2003 | ||
Cry1Be3 | ACV96720 | 259156864 | Sun et al. | 2010 | Bt g9 |
Cry1Be4 | HM070026 | Liu et al. | 2010 | ||
Cry1Bf1 | CAC50778 | Arnaut et al. | 2001 | ||
Cry1Bf2 | AAQ52380 | Baum et al. | 2003 | ||
Cry1Bg1 | AAO39720 | Wang et al. | 2002 | ||
Cry1Bh1 | HQ589331 | 315076091 | Lira et al. | 2010 | Bt PS46L |
Cry1Bi1 | KC156700 | Sampson et al. | 2012 | ARP260 | |
Cry1Ca1 | CAA30396 | Honee et al. | 1988 | Bt entomocidus 60.5 | |
Cry1Ca2 | CAA31951 | Sanchis et al. | 1989 | Bt aizawai 7.29 | |
Cry1Ca3 | AAA22343 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81I | |
Cry1Ca4 | CAA01886 | Van Mellaert et al. | 1990 | Bt entomocidus HD110 | |
Cry1Ca5 | CAA65457 | Strizhov | 1996 | Bt aizawai 7.29 | |
Cry1Ca6 [1] | AAF37224 | Yu et al. | 2000 | Bt AF-2 | |
Cry1Ca7 | AAG50438 | Aixing et al. | 2000 | Bt J8 | |
Cry1Ca8 | AAM00264 | Chen et al. | 2001 | Bt c002 | |
Cry1Ca9 | AAL79362 | Kao et al. | 2003 | Bt G10-01A | |
Cry1Ca10 | AAN16462 | Lin et al. | 2003 | Bt E05-20a | |
Cry1Ca11 | AAX53094 | Cai et al. | 2005 | Bt C-33 | |
Cry1Ca12 | HM070027 | Liu et al. | 2010 | mo3-E7 | |
Cry1Ca13 | HQ412621 | 312192962 | Li & Luo | 2010 | Bt LB-R-78 |
Cry1Ca14 | JN651493 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-38 | |
Cry1Cb2 | AAG35409 | Song et al. | 2000 | Bt c001 | |
Cry1Cb3 | ACD50894 | Huang et al. | 2008 | Bt 087 | |
Cry1Da1 | CAA38099 | Hofte et al. | 1990 | Bt aizawai HD68 | |
Cry1Da3 | HQ439784 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Da4 | KJ619660 | Baonan et al. | 2014 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Db1 | CAA80234 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS00349A | |
Cry1Db2 | AAK48937 | Li et al. | 2001 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry1Dc1 | ABK35074 | Lertwiriyawong et al. | 2006 | Bt JC291 | |
Cry1Dd1 | KJ28844 | Zonglan Yu | 2014 | ||
Cry1Ea1 | CAA37933 | Visser et al. | 1990 | Bt kenyae 4F1 | |
Cry1Ea2 | CAA39609 | Bosse et al. | 1990 | Bt kenyae | |
Cry1Ea3 | AAA22345 | Feitelson | 1991 | Bt kenyae PS81F | |
Cry1Ea4 | AAD04732 | Barboza-Corona et al. | 1998 | Bt kenyae LBIT-147 | |
Cry1Ea6 | AAL50330 | Sun et al. | 1999 | Bt YBT-032 | |
Cry1Ea7 | AAW72936 | Huehne et al. | 2005 | Bt JC190 | |
Cry1Ea8 | ABX11258 | Huang et al. | 2007 | Bt HZM2 | |
Cry1Ea9 | HQ439785 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt S6 | |
Cry1Ea10 | ADR00398 | Goncalves et al. | 2010 | Bt BR64 | |
Cry1Ea11 | JQ652456 | Lin Qunxin et al. | 2012 | Bt | |
Cry1Ea12 | KF601559 | Baonan He | 2013 | Bt strain V4 | |
Cry1Eb1 | AAA22346 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81A2 | |
Cry1Fa1 | AAA22348 | Chambers et al. | 1991 | Bt aizawai EG6346 | |
Cry1Fa2 | AAA22347 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81I | |
Cry1Fa3 | HM070028 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt mo3-D8 | |
Cry1Fa4 | HM439638 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt mo3-D10 | |
Cry1Fb1 | CAA80235 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS00349A | |
Cry1Fb2 | BAA25298 | Masuda & Asano | 1998 | Bt morrisoni INA67 | |
Cry1Fb3 | AAF21767 | Song et al. | 1998 | Bt morrisoni | |
Cry1Fb4 | AAC10641 | Payne et al. | 1997 | ||
Cry1Fb5 | AAO13295 | Li et al. | 2001 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry1Fb6 | ACD50892 | Huang et al. | 2008 | Bt 012 | |
Cry1Fb7 | ACD50893 | Huang et al. | 2008 | Bt 087 | |
Cry1Ga1 | CAA80233 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS0349A | |
Cry1Ga2 | CAA70506 | Shevelev et al. | 1997 | Bt wuhanensis | |
Cry1Gb1 | AAD10291 | Kuo & Chak | 1999 | Bt wuhanensis HD525 | |
Cry1Gb2 | AAO13756 | Li et al. | 2000 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry1Gc1 | AAQ52381 | Baum et al. | 2003 | ||
Cry1Ha1 | CAA80236 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS02069AA | |
Cry1Hb1 | AAA79694 | Koo et al. | 1995 | Bt morrisoni BF190 | |
Cry1Hb2 | HQ439786 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt WBT-2 | |
Cry1Hc1 | KJ28845 | Zonglan Yu | 2014 | ||
Cry1Ia1 | CAA44633 | Tailor et al. | 1992 | Bt kurstaki | |
Cry1Ia2 | AAA22354 | Gleave et al. | 1993 | Bt kurstaki | |
Cry1Ia3 | AAC36999 | Shin et al. | 1995 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry1Ia4 | AAB00958 | Kostichka et al. | 1996 | Bt AB88 | |
Cry1Ia5 | CAA70124 | Selvapandiyan | 1996 | Bt 61 | |
Cry1Ia6 | AAC26910 | Zhong et al. | 1998 | Bt kurstaki S101 | |
Cry1Ia7 | AAM73516 | Porcar et al. | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry1Ia8 | AAK66742 | Song et al. | 2001 | ||
Cry1Ia9 | AAQ08616 | Yao et al. | 2002 | Bt Ly30 | |
Cry1Ia10 | AAP86782 | Espindola et al. | 2003 | Bt thuringiensis | |
Cry1Ia11 | CAC85964 | Tounsi et al. | 2003 | Bt kurstaki BNS3 | |
Cry1Ia12 | AAV53390 | Grossi de Sa et al. | 2005 | Bt | |
Cry1Ia13 | ABF83202 | Martins et al. | 2006 | Bt | |
Cry1Ia14 | ACG63871 | Liu & Guo | 2008 | Bt11 | |
Cry1Ia15 | FJ617445 | 256003036 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt E-1B |
Cry1Ia16 | FJ617448 | 256003042 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt E-1A |
Cry1Ia17 | GU989199 | Li et al. | 2010 | Bt MX2 | |
Cry1Ia18 | ADK23801 | 300492624 | Li et al. | 2010 | Bt MX9 |
Cry1Ia19 | HQ439787 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt SC6H6 | |
Cry1Ia20 | JQ228426 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu1H-3 | |
Cry1Ia21 | JQ228424 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you1D-9 | |
Cry1Ia22 | JQ228427 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu1E-3 | |
Cry1Ia23 | JQ228428 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu1E-4 | |
Cry1Ia24 | JQ228429 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu2B-6 | |
Cry1Ia25 | JQ228430 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu2G-11 | |
Cry1Ia26 | JQ228431 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu2G-12 | |
Cry1Ia27 | JQ228432 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you2D-3 | |
Cry1Ia28 | JQ228433 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you2E-3 | |
Cry1Ia29 | JQ228434 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you2F-3 | |
Cry1Ia30 | JQ317686 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt 4J4 | |
Cry1Ia31 | JX944038 | Song et al. | 2012 | Bt SC-7 | |
Cry1Ia32 | JX944039 | Song et al. | 2012 | Bt SC-13 | |
Cry1Ia33 | JX944040 | Song et al | 2012 | Bt SC-51 | |
Cry1Ia34 | KJ868171 | Palma et al | 2014 | Bt Na205-3 | |
Cry1Ia35 | KJ619662 | Baonan et al | 2014 | Bt V4 | |
Cry1Ib1 | AAA82114 | Shin et al | 1995 | Bt entomocidus BP465 | |
Cry1Ib2 | ABW88019 | Guan et al | 2007 | Bt PP61 | |
Cry1Ib3 | ACD75515 | Liu & Guo | 2008 | Bt GS8 | |
Cry1Ib4 | HM051227 | 301641366 | Zhao et al | 2010 | Bt BF-4 |
Cry1Ib5 | HM070028 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt mo3-D8 | |
Cry1Ib6 | ADK38579 | 300836937 | Li et al | 2010 | Bt LB52 |
Cry1Ib7 | JN571740 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-935 | |
Cry1Ib8 | JN675714 | Swamy et al | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ib9 | JN675715 | Swamy et al | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ib10 | JN675716 | Swamy et al | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ib11 | JQ228423 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Ic1 | AAC62933 | Osman et al | 1998 | Bt C18 | |
Cry1Ic2 | AAE71691 | Osman et al | 2001 | ||
Cry1Id1 | AAD44366 | Choi | 2000 | ||
Cry1Id2 | JQ228422 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Id3 | KJ619661 | Baonan et al | 2014 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Ie1 | AAG43526 | Song et al | 2000 | Bt BTC007 | |
Cry1Ie2 | HM439636 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt T03B001 | |
Cry1Ie3 | KC156647 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP058 | |
Cry1Ie4 | KC156681 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP131 | |
Cry1Ie5 | KJ710646 | Zonglan Yu et al | 2014 | BN23-5 | |
Cry1If1 | AAQ52382 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry1Ig1 | KC156701 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP166 | |
Cry1Ja1 | AAA22341 | Donovan | 1994 | Bt EG5847 | |
Cry1Ja2 | HM070030 | Liu et al | 2010 | WBT-1 | |
Cry1Ja3 | JQ228425 | Zhao Shiyuan | 2011 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Jb1 | AAA98959 | Von Tersch & Gonzalez | 1994 | Bt EG5092 | |
Cry1Jc1 | AAC31092 | Payne et al | 1998 | ||
Cry1Jc2 | AAQ52372 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry1Jd1 | CAC50779 | Arnaut et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry1Ka1 | AAB00376 | Koo et al | 1995 | Bt morrisoni BF190 | |
Cry1Ka2 | HQ439783 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt WBT-2 | |
Cry1La1 | AAS60191 | Je et al | 2004 | Bt kurstaki K1 | |
Cry1La2 | HM070031 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt SC6H8 | |
Cry1Ma1 | FJ884067 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2010 | LBIT 1189 | |
Cry1Ma2 | KC156659 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP080 | |
Cry1Na1 | KC156648 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP009 | |
Cry1Nb1 | KC156678 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP146 | |
Cry2Aa1 | AAA22335 | Donovan et al | 1989 | Bt kurstaki | |
Cry2Aa2 | AAA83516 | Widner & Whiteley | 1989 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry2Aa4 | AAC04867 | Misra et al | 1998 | Bt kenyae HD549 | |
Cry2Aa5 | CAA10671 | Yu & Pang | 1999 | Bt SL39 | |
Cry2Aa6 | CAA10672 | Yu & Pang | 1999 | Bt YZ71 | |
Cry2Aa7 | CAA10670 | Yu & Pang | 1999 | Bt CY29 | |
Cry2Aa8 | AAO13734 | Wei et al | 2000 | Bt Dongbei 66 | |
Cry2Aa9 | AAO13750 | Zhang et al | 2000 | ||
Cry2Aa10 | AAQ04263 | Yao et al | 2001 | ||
Cry2Aa11 | AAQ52384 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry2Aa12 | ABI83671 | Tan et al | 2006 | Bt Rpp39 | |
Cry2Aa13 | ABL01536 | Arango et al | 2008 | Bt 146-158-01 | |
Cry2Aa14 | ACF04939 | Hire et al | 2008 | Bt HD-550 | |
Cry2Aa15 | JN426947 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | Bt SSy77 | |
Cry2Aa16 | KF667522 | Baonan He | 2013 | Bt V4 | |
Cry2Aa17 | KF860848 | Guihua Chen et al | 2013 | ||
Cry2Ab1 | AAA22342 | Widner & Whiteley | 1989 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry2Ab2 | CAA39075 | Dankocsik et al | 1990 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry2Ab3 | AAG36762 | Chen et al | 1999 | Bt BTC002 | |
Cry2Ab4 | AAO13296 | Li et al | 2001 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry2Ab5 | AAQ04609 | Yao et al | 2001 | Bt ly30 | |
Cry2Ab6 | AAP59457 | Wang et al | 2003 | Bt WZ-7 | |
Cry2Ab7 | AAZ66347 | Udayasuriyan et al | 2005 | Bt 14-1 | |
Cry2Ab8 | ABC95996 | Huang et al | 2006 | Bt WB2 | |
Cry2Ab9 | ABC74968 | Zhang et al | 2005 | Bt LLB6 | |
Cry2Ab10 | ABM21766 | Lin et al | 2006 | Bt LyL | |
Cry2Ab11 | CAM84575 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT1 | |
Cry2Ab12 | ABM21764 | Lin et al | 2007 | Bt LyD | |
Cry2Ab13 | ACG76120 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt ywc5-4 | |
Cry2Ab14 | ACG76121 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt Bts | |
Cry2Ab15 | HM037126 | 302634222 | Zhao et al | 2011 | Bt BF-4 |
Cry2Ab16 | GQ866914 | 306977641 | Katara & Kaur | 2011 | SK-793 |
Cry2Ab17 | HQ439789 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt PS9-C12 | |
Cry2Ab18 | JN135255 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab19 | JN135256 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab20 | JN135257 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab21 | JN135258 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab22 | JN135259 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab23 | JN135260 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab24 | JN135261 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab25 | JN415485 | Sevim et al | 2013 | Btk MnD | |
Cry2Ab26 | JN426946 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | Bt SSy77 | |
Cry2Ab27 | JN415764 | 344055822 | Chankhamhaengdecha et al | 2011 | |
Cry2Ab28 | JN651494 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-7 | |
Cry2Ab29 | KF860847 | Guihua Chen et al | 2013 | ||
Cry2Ab30 | EU623976 | Lin et al | 2008 | Bt LSZ9408 | |
Cry2Ab31 | AHM93475 | Xie et al | 2013 | Bt HTS-S-38 | |
Cry2Ab32 | KJ710647 | Zonglan Yu et al | 2014 | BN23-5 | |
Cry2Ac1 | CAA40536 | Aronson | 1991 | Bt shanghai S1 | |
Cry2Ac2 | AAG35410 | Song et al | 2000 | ||
Cry2Ac3 | AAQ52385 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry2Ac4 | ABC95997 | Huang et al | 2006 | Bt WB9 | |
Cry2Ac5 | ABC74969 | Zhang et al | 2005 | ||
Cry2Ac6 | ABC74793 | Xia et al | 2006 | Bt wuhanensis | |
Cry2Ac7 | CAL18690 | Saleem et al | 2008 | Bt SBSBT-1 | |
Cry2Ac8 | CAM09325 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT1 | |
Cry2Ac9 | CAM09326 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT2 | |
Cry2Ac10 | ABN15104 | Bai et al | 2007 | Bt QCL-1 | |
Cry2Ac11 | CAM83895 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt HD29 | |
Cry2Ac12 | CAM83896 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT3 | |
Cry2Ad1 | AAF09583 | Choi et al | 1999 | Bt BR30 | |
Cry2Ad2 | ABC86927 | Huang et al | 2006 | Bt WB10 | |
Cry2Ad3 | CAK29504 | Saleem et al | 2006 | Bt 5_2AcT(1) | |
Cry2Ad4 | CAM32331 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT2 | |
Cry2Ad5 | CAO78739 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt HD29 | |
Cry2Ae1 | AAQ52362 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry2Af1 | ABO30519 | Beard et al | 2007 | Bt C81 | |
Cry2Af2 | GQ866915 | 306977643 | Katara & Kaur | 2011 | SK-758 |
Cry2Ag1 | ACH91610 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt JF19-2 | |
Cry2Ah1 | EU939453 | 218963751 | Zhang et al | 2011 | Bt SC6H8 |
Cry2Ah2 | ACL80665 | Zhang et al | 2009 | Bt BRC-ZQL3 | |
Cry2Ah3 | GU073380 | 309274394 | Lixin Du | 2012 | HYW-8 |
Cry2Ah4 | KC156702 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP193 | |
Cry2Ai1 | FJ788388 | Udayasuriyan et al | 2009 | Bt | |
Cry2Aj1 | Zhicheng Shen | 2009 | |||
Cry2Ak1 | KC156660 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP067 | |
Cry2Al1 | KJ149819 | Indraarulselvi & Reyaz | 2014 | Bt SWK1 | |
Cry2Ba1 | KC156658 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP026 | |
Cry2Ba2 | KF014123 | Guihua Chen et al | 2013 | ||
Cry3Aa1 | AAA22336 | Herrnstadt et al | 1987 | Bt san diego | |
Cry3Aa2 | AAA22541 | Sekar et al | 1987 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Aa3 | CAA68482 | Hofte et al | 1987 | ||
Cry3Aa4 | AAA22542 | McPherson et al | 1988 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Aa5 | AAA50255 | Donovan et al | 1988 | Bt morrisoni EG2158 | |
Cry3Aa6 | AAC43266 | Adams et al | 1994 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Aa7 | CAB41411 | Zhang et al | 1999 | Bt 22 | |
Cry3Aa8 | AAS79487 | Gao and Cai | 2004 | Bt YM-03 | |
Cry3Aa9 | AAW05659 | Bulla and Candas | 2004 | Bt UTD-001 | |
Cry3Aa10 | AAU29411 | Chen et al | 2004 | Bt 886 | |
Cry3Aa11 | AAW82872 | Kurt et al | 2005 | Bt tenebrionis Mm2 | |
Cry3Aa12 | ABY49136 | Sezen et al | 2008 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Ba1 | CAA34983 | Sick et al | 1990 | Bt tolworthi 43F | |
Cry3Ba2 | CAA00645 | Peferoen et al | 1990 | Bt PGSI208 | |
Cry3Ba3 | JQ397327 | Palma et al | 2011 | Bt | |
Cry3Bb1 | AAA22334 | Donovan et al | 1992 | Bt EG4961 | |
Cry3Bb2 | AAA74198 | Donovan et al | 1995 | Bt EG5144 | |
Cry3Ca1 | CAA42469 | Lambert et al | 1992 | Bt kurstaki BtI109P | |
Cry4Aa1 | CAA68485 | Ward & Ellar | 1987 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Aa2 | BAA00179 | Sen et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis HD522 | |
Cry4Aa3 | CAD30148 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Aa4 | AFB18317 | 376008213 | Li et al | 2012 | Bti BRC-LLP29 |
Cry4Ba1 | CAA30312 | Chungjatpornchai et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis 4Q2-72 | |
Cry4Ba2 | CAA30114 | Tungpradubkul et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Ba3 | AAA22337 | Yamamoto et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Ba4 | BAA00178 | Sen et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis HD522 | |
Cry4Ba5 | CAD30095 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Ca1 | EU646202 | 194396263 | Shu et al | 2011 | Bt Y41 |
Cry4Cb1 | FJ403208 | 234203282 | Zhu et al | 2010 | Bt HS18-1 |
Cry4Cb2 | FJ597622 | 256033943 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt Ywc2-8 |
Cry4Cb3 | AHG25301 | Zhang et al | 2014 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry4Cc1 | FJ403207 | 234203244 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt MC28 |
Cry5Aa1 | AAA67694 | Narva et al | 1994 | Bt darmstadiensis PS17 | |
Cry5Ab1 | AAA67693 | Narva et al | 1991 | Bt darmstadiensis PS17 | |
Cry5Ad1 | ABQ82087 | Lenane et al | 2007 | Bt L366 | |
Cry5Ba1 | AAA68598 | Foncerrada & Narva | 1997 | Bt PS86Q3 | |
Cry5Ba2 | ABW88931 | Guo et al | 2008 | YBT 1518 | |
Cry5Ba3 | AFJ04417 | 386277681 | Wang et al | 2012 | Bt zjfc85 |
Cry5Ca1 | HM461869 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt003 | |
Cry5Ca2 | ZP_04123426 | 228961871 | Read et al | 2010 | Bt T13001 |
Cry5Da1 | HM461870 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt003 | |
Cry5Da2 | ZP_04123980 | 228962686 | Read et al | 2010 | Bt T13001 |
Cry5Ea1 | HM485580 | Sun et al | 2010 | Sbt003 | |
Cry5Ea2 | ZP_04124038 | 228962776 | Read et al | 2010 | Bt T13001 |
Cry6Aa1 | AAA22357 | Narva et al | 1993 | Bt PS52A1 | |
Cry6Aa2 | AAM46849 | Bai et al | 2001 | YBT 1518 | |
Cry6Aa3 | ABH03377 | Jia et al | 2006 | Bt 96418 | |
Cry6Ba1 | AAA22358 | Narva et al | 1991 | Bt PS69D1 | |
Cry7Aa1 | AAA22351 | Lambert et al | 1992 | Bt galleriae PGSI245 | |
Cry7Ab1 | AAA21120 | Narva & Fu | 1994 | Bt dakota HD511 | |
Cry7Ab2 | AAA21121 | Narva & Fu | 1994 | Bt kumamotoensis 867 | |
Cry7Ab3 | ABX24522 | Song et al | 2008 | Bt WZ-9 | |
Cry7Ab4 | EU380678 | 170877973 | Deng et al | 2011 | Bt HQ122 |
Cry7Ab5 | ABX79555 | Aguirre-Arzola et al | 2008 | Bt monterrey GM-33 | |
Cry7Ab6 | ACI44005 | Deng et al | 2008 | Bt HQ122 | |
Cry7Ab7 | ADB89216 | Wang et al | 2010 | Bt GW6 | |
Cry7Ab8 | GU145299 | Feng & Guo | 2009 | ||
Cry7Ab9 | ADD92572 | Li et al | 2010 | Bt QG-121 | |
Cry7Ac1 | KJ789922 | Sun et al | 2014 | ||
Cry7Ba1 | ABB70817 | Zhang et al | 2006 | Bt huazhongensis | |
Cry7Bb1 | KC156653 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP013 | |
Cry7Ca1 | ABR67863 | Gao et al | 2007 | Bt BTH-13 | |
Cry7Cb1 | KC156698 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP269 | |
Cry7Da1 | ACQ99547 | Yi et al | 2009 | Bt LH-2 | |
Cry7Da2 | HM572236 | Shu et al | 2010 | ||
Cry7Da3 | KC156679 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP140 | |
Cry7Ea1 | HM035086 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt009 | |
Cry7Ea2 | HM132124 | Mao et al | 2010 | HD868(D8) | |
Cry7Ea3 | EEM19403 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 | |
Cry7Fa1 | HM035088 | Geng et al | 2010 | SBt009 | |
Cry7Fa2 | EEM19090 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 | |
Cry7Fb1 | HM572235 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt | |
Cry7Fb2 | KC156682 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP162 | |
Cry7Fb3 | KF672184 | Qiao Li et al | 2014 | ||
Cry7Ga1 | HM572237 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt | |
Cry7Ga2 | KC156669 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP103 | |
Cry7Gb1 | KC156650 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP011 | |
Cry7Gc1 | KC156654 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP012 | |
Cry7Gd1 | KC156697 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP271 | |
Cry7Ha1 | KC156651 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP021 | |
Cry7Ia1 | KC156665 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP112 | |
Cry7Ja1 | KC156671 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP114 | |
Cry7Ka1 | KC156680 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP171 | |
Cry7Kb1 | BAM99306 | Takebe & Azuma | 2013 | Bt dakota | |
Cry7La1 | BAM99307 | Takebe & Azuma | 2013 | Bt dakota | |
Cry8Aa1 | AAA21117 | Narva & Fu | 1992 | Bt kumamotoensis | |
Cry8Ab1 | EU044830 | Cheng et al | 2007 | Bt B-JJX | |
Cry8Ac1 | KC156662 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP068 | |
Cry8Ad1 | KC156684 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP215 | |
Cry8Ba1 | AAA21118 | Narva & Fu | 1993 | Bt kumamotoensis | |
Cry8Bb1 | CAD57542 | Abad et al | 2002 | ||
Cry8Bc1 | CAD57543 | Abad et al | 2002 | ||
Cry8Ca1 | AAA21119 | Sato et al. | 1995 | Bt japonensis Buibui | |
Cry8Ca2 | AAR98783 | Shu et al | 2004 | Bt HBF-1 | |
Cry8Ca3 | EU625349 | 194272339 | Du et al | 2011 | Bt FTL-23 |
Cry8Ca4 | ADB54826 | Li et al | 2010 | Bt S185 | |
Cry8Da1 | BAC07226 | Asano et al | 2002 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry8Db1 | BAF93483 | Yamaguchi et al | 2007 | Bt BBT2-5 | |
Cry8Ea1 | AAQ73470 | Fuping et al | 2003 | Bt 185 | |
Cry8Ea2 | EU047597 | Liu et al | 2007 | Bt B-DLL | |
Cry8Ea3 | KC855216 | Wei Wang | 2013 | ||
Cry8Ea4 | AGM16383 | Sun et al | 2013 | QZL144-1 | |
Cry8Ea5 | AGM16384 | Sun et al | 2013 | QZL144-4 | |
Cry8Fa1 | AAT48690 | Shu et al | 2004 | Bt 185 | |
Cry8Fa2 | HQ174208 | 307697880 | Zang et al | 2010 | Bt DLL |
Cry8Fa3 | AFH78109 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt L-27 | |
Cry8Fa4 | AGM16382 | Sun et al | 2013 | QHW7-2 | |
Cry8Ga1 | AAT46073 | Shu et al | 2004 | Bt HBF-18 | |
Cry8Ga2 | ABC42043 | Yan et al | 2008 | Bt 145 | |
Cry8Ga3 | FJ198072 | Sun et al | 2010 | Bt FCD114 | |
Cry8Ha1 | AAW81032 | Fuping et al | 2011 | Bt 185 | |
Cry8Ia1 | EU381044 | 170317962 | Yan et al | 2008 | Bt su4 |
Cry8Ia2 | GU073381 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt HW-11 | |
Cry8Ia3 | HM044664 | Ming Sun | 2010 | Sbt030 | |
Cry8Ia4 | KC156674 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP124 | |
Cry8Ib1 | GU325772 | Ming Sun | 2012 | Bt F4 | |
Cry8Ib2 | KC156677 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP135 | |
Cry8Ib3 | AHG25076 | Li et al | 2014 | Bt TS3 | |
Cry8Ja1 | EU625348 | 194272337 | Du et al | 2011 | Bt FPT-2 |
Cry8Ka1 | FJ422558 | 237506871 | Oliveira et al | 2011 | |
Cry8Ka2 | ACN87262 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt kenyae | |
Cry8Ka3 | AGM16381 | Sun et al | 2013 | QHW7-2 | |
Cry8Kb1 | HM123758 | Jun Zhu et al | 2010 | ST8 | |
Cry8Kb2 | KC156675 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP158 | |
Cry8Kb3 | KJ123823 | Navas et al | 2014 | INTA Fr7-4 | |
Cry8La1 | GU325771 | 314998608 | Ming Sun et al | 2012 | Bt F4 |
Cry8Ma1 | HM044665? | Ming Sun et al | 2010 | Sbt016 | |
Cry8Ma2 | EEM86551 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4CC1 | |
Cry8Ma3 | HM210574 | Mao et al | 2010 | NARC Bt17 (C6) | |
Cry8Na1 | HM640939 | 302141260 | Li et al | 2011 | BtQ52-7 |
Cry8Pa1 | HQ388415 | Qiao Li | 2010 | Bt ST8 | |
Cry8Pa2 | HQ413324 | Mao et al | 2013 | Bt QCM(T1) | |
Cry8Pa3 | KJ123823 | Navas et al | 2014 | INTA Fr7-4 | |
Cry8Qa1 | HQ441166 | Liang et al | 2010 | Bt ST8 | |
Cry8Qa2 | KC152468 | Amadio et al | 2012 | Bt INTA Fr7-4 | |
Cry8Ra1 | AFP87548 | 400653691 | Ben-Dov et al | 2012 | Bt R36 |
Cry8Sa1 | JQ740599 | Singaravelu et al | 2012 | Bt Strain 62 | |
Cry8Ta1 | KC156673 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP110 | |
Cry8-like | ABS53003 | Mangena et al | 2007 | Bt | |
Cry9Aa1 | CAA41122 | Shevelev et al | 1991 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry9Aa2 | CAA41425 | Gleave et al | 1992 | Bt DSIR517 | |
Cry9Aa3 | GQ249293 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt SC5(D2) | |
Cry9Aa4 | GQ249294 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt T03C001 | |
Cry9Aa5 | JX174110 | Naimov et al | 2012 | BGSN1 | |
Cry9Ba1 | CAA52927 | Shevelev et al | 1993 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry9Ba2 | GU299522 | Zhao et al | 2010 | Bt B-SC5 | |
Cry9Bb1 | AAV28716 | Silva-Werneck et al | 2004 | Bt japonensis | |
Cry9Ca1 | CAA85764 | Lambert et al | 1996 | Bt tolworthi | |
Cry9Ca2 | AAQ52375 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry9Da1 | BAA19948 | Asano | 1997 | Bt japonensis N141 | |
Cry9Da2 | AAB97923 | Wasano & Ohba | 1998 | Bt japonensis | |
Cry9Da3 | GQ249293 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt SC5 (D2) | |
Cry9Da4 | GQ249297 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt T03B001 | |
Cry9Db1 | AAX78439 | Flannagan & Abad | 2005 | Bt kurstaki DP1019 | |
Cry9Dc1 | KC156683 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP168 | |
Cry9Ea1 | BAA34908 | Midoh & Oyama | 1998 | Bt aizawai SSK-10 | |
Cry9Ea2 | AAO12908 | Li et al | 2001 | Bt B-Hm-16 | |
Cry9Ea3 | ABM21765 | Lin et al | 2006 | Bt lyA | |
Cry9Ea4 | ACE88267 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt ywc5-4 | |
Cry9Ea5 | ACF04743 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bts | |
Cry9Ea6 | ACG63872 | Liu & Guo | 2008 | Bt 11 | |
Cry9Ea7 | FJ380927 | Sun et al | 2009 | Bt 4 | |
Cry9Ea8 | GQ249292 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt SC5(E8) | |
Cry9Ea9 | JN651495 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-7 | |
Cry9Eb1 | CAC50780 | Arnaut et al | 2001 | ||
Cry9Eb2 | GQ249298 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt T23001 | |
Cry9Eb3 | KC156646 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP057 | |
Cry9Ec1 | AAC63366 | Wasano et al | 2003 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry9Ed1 | AAX78440 | Flannagan & Abad | 2005 | Bt kurstaki DP1019 | |
Cry9Ee1 | GQ249296 | Su et al | 2009 | Bt T03B001 | |
Cry9Ee2 | KC156664 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP095 | |
Cry9Fa1 | KC156692 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP212 | |
Cry9Ga1 | KC156699 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP188 | |
Cry10Aa1 | AAA22614 | Thorne et al | 1986 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry10Aa3 | CAD30098 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry10Aa4 | AFB18318 | Li et al | 2012 | Bti BRC-LLP29 | |
Cry11Aa1 | AAA22352 | Donovan et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry11Aa2 | AAA22611 | Adams et al | 1989 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry11Aa3 | CAD30081 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry11Aa4 | AFB18319 | Li et al | 2012 | Bti BRC-LLP29 | |
Cry11Ba1 | CAA60504 | Delecluse et al | 1995 | Bt jegathesan 367 | |
Cry11Bb1 | AAC97162 | Orduz et al | 1998 | Bt medellin | |
Cry11Bb2 | HM068615 | Melnikov et al | 2010 | Bt K34 | |
Cry12Aa1 | AAA22355 | Narva et al | 1991 | Bt PS33F2 | |
Cry13Aa1 | AAA22356 | Narva et al | 1992 | Bt PS63B | |
Cry14Aa1 | AAA21516 | Narva et al | 1994 | Bt sotto PS80JJ1 | |
Cry14Ab1 | KC156652 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP001 | |
Cry15Aa1 | AAA22333 | Brown & Whiteley | 1992 | Bt thompsoni | |
Cry16Aa1 | CAA63860 | Barloy et al | 1996 | Cb malaysia CH18 | |
Cry17Aa1 | CAA67841 | Barloy et al | 1998 | Cb malaysia CH18 | |
Cry18Aa1 | CAA67506 | Zhang et al | 1997 | Paenibacillus popilliae | |
Cry18Ba1 | AAF89667 | Patel et al | 1999 | Paenibacillus popilliae | |
Cry18Ca1 | AAF89668 | Patel et al | 1999 | Paenibacillus popilliae | |
Cry19Aa1 | CAA68875 | Rosso & Delecluse | 1996 | Bt jegathesan 367 | |
Cry19Ba1 | BAA32397 | Hwang et al | 1998 | Bt higo | |
Cry19Ca1 | AFM37572 | Soufiane & Cote | 2012 | BGSC 4CE1 | |
Cry20Aa1 | AAB93476 | Lee & Gill | 1997 | Bt fukuokaensis | |
Cry20Ba1 | ACS93601 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt higo LBIT-976 | |
Cry20Ba2 | KC156694 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP192 | |
Cry21Ba1 | BAC06484 | Sato & Asano | 2002 | Bt roskildiensis | |
Cry21Ca1 | JF521577 | Liu et al | 2013 | ||
Cry21Ca2 | KC156687 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP258 | |
Cry21Da1 | JF521578 | Liu et al | 2011 | Sbt072 | |
Cry21Ea1 | KC865049 | Ming Sun | 2013 | ||
Cry21Fa1 | KF701307 | Iatsenko et al | 2013 | DB27 | |
Cry21Ga1 | KF771885 | Iatsenko et al | 2013 | DB27 | |
Cry21Ha1 | KF771886 | Iatsenko et al | 2013 | DB27 | |
Cry22Aa2 | CAD43579 | Isaac et al | 2002 | Bt | |
Cry22Aa3 | ACD93211 | Du et al | 2008 | Bt FZ-4 | |
Cry22Ab1 | AAK50456 | Baum et al | 2000 | Bt EG4140 | |
Cry22Ab2 | CAD43577 | Isaac et al | 2002 | Bt | |
Cry22Ba1 | CAD43578 | Isaac et al | 2002 | Bt | |
Cry22Bb1 | KC156672 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP148 | |
Cry23Aa1 | AAF76375 | Donovan et al | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry24Aa1 | AAC61891 | Kawalek and Gill | 1998 | Bt jegathesan | |
Cry24Ba1 | BAD32657 | Ohgushi et al | 2004 | Bt sotto | |
Cry24Ca1 | CAJ43600 | Beron & Salerno | 2005 | Bt FCC-41 | |
Cry25Aa1 | AAC61892 | Kawalek and Gill | 1998 | Bt jegathesan | |
Cry26Aa1 | AAD25075 | Wojciechowska et al | 1999 | Bt finitimus B-1166 | |
Cry27Aa1 | BAA82796 | Saitoh | 1999 | Bt higo | |
Cry28Aa1 | AAD24189 | Wojciechowska et al | 1999 | Bt finitimus B-1161 | |
Cry28Aa2 | AAG00235 | Moore and Debro | 2000 | Bt finitimus | |
Cry29Aa1 | CAC80985 | Delecluse et al | 2000 | Bt medellin | |
Cry29Ba1 | KC865046 | Ming Sun | 2013 | ||
Cry30Aa1 | CAC80986 | Delecluse et al | 2000 | Bt medellin | |
Cry30Ba1 | BAD00052 | Ito et al | 2003 | Bt entomocidus | |
Cry30Ca1 | BAD67157 | Ohgushi et al | 2004 | Bt sotto | |
Cry30Ca2 | ACU24781 | Sun and Park | 2009 | Bt jegathesan 367 | |
Cry30Da1 | EF095955 | Shu et al | 2006 | Bt Y41 | |
Cry30Db1 | BAE80088 | Kishida et al | 2006 | Bt aizawai BUN1-14 | |
Cry30Ea1 | ACC95445 | Fang et al | 2007 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry30Ea2 | FJ499389 | 237688240 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt Ywc2-8 |
Cry30Ea3 | FJ527836 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt Hs18-1 | |
Cry30Ea4 | KJ740649 | Yu et al | 2014 | BN15-6 | |
Cry30Fa1 | ACI22625 | Tan et al | 2008 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry30Ga1 | ACG60020 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt HS18-1 | |
Cry30Ga2 | HQ638217 | 320383831 | Tian et al | 2010 | Bt S2160-1 |
Cry31Aa1 | BAB11757 | Saitoh & Mizuki | 2000 | Bt 84-HS-1-11 | |
Cry31Aa2 | AAL87458 | Jung and Cote | 2000 | Bt M15 | |
Cry31Aa3 | BAE79808 | Uemori et al | 2006 | Bt B0195 | |
Cry31Aa4 | BAF32571 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 79-25 | |
Cry31Aa5 | BAF32572 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 92-10 | |
Cry31Aa6 | BAI44026 | Nagamatsu et al | 2010 | M019 | |
Cry31Ab1 | BAE79809 | Uemori et al | 2006 | Bt B0195 | |
Cry31Ab2 | BAF32570 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 31-5 | |
Cry31Ac1 | BAF34368 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 87-29 | |
Cry31Ac2 | AB731600 | Hayakawa et al | 2012 | Bt B0462 | |
Cry31Ad1 | BAI44022 | Nagamatsu et al | 2010 | Bt MO19 | |
Cry32Aa1 | AAG36711 | Balasubramanian et al | 2001 | Bt yunnanensis | |
Cry32Aa2 | GU063849 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt FBG-1 | |
Cry32Ab1 | GU063850 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt FZ-2 | |
Cry32Ba1 | BAB78601 | Takebe et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry32Ca1 | BAB78602 | Takebe et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry32Cb1 | KC156708 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP227 | |
Cry32Da1 | BAB78603 | Takebe et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry32Ea1 | GU324274 | Du et al | 2010 | Bt HYD-3 | |
Cry32Ea2 | KC156686 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP239 | |
Cry32Eb1 | KC156663 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP092 | |
Cry32Fa1 | KC156656 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP055 | |
Cry32Ga1 | KC156657 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP052 | |
Cry32Ha1 | KC156661 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP076 | |
Cry32Hb1 | KC156666 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP096 | |
Cry32Ia1 | KC156667 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP104 | |
Cry32Ja1 | KC156685 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP262 | |
Cry32Ka1 | KC156688 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP259 | |
Cry32La1 | KC156689 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP203 | |
Cry32Ma1 | KC156690 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP256 | |
Cry32Mb1 | KC156704 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP242 | |
Cry32Na1 | KC156691 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP179 | |
Cry32Oa1 | KC156703 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP218 | |
Cry32Pa1 | KC156705 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP277 | |
Cry32Qa1 | KC156706 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP174 | |
Cry32Ra1 | KC156707 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP229 | |
Cry32Sa1 | KC156709 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP185 | |
Cry32Ta1 | KC156710 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP220 | |
Cry32Ua1 | KC156655 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP050 | |
Cry33Aa1 | AAL26871 | Kim et al | 2001 | Bt dakota | |
Cry34Aa1 | AAG50341 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS80JJ1 | |
Cry34Aa2 | AAK64560 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG5899 | |
Cry34Aa3 | AAT29032 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS69Q | |
Cry34Aa4 | AAT29030 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS185GG | |
Cry34Ab1 | AAG41671 | Moellenbeck et al | 2001 | Bt PS149B1 | |
Cry34Ac1 | AAG50118 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS167H2 | |
Cry34Ac2 | AAK64562 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG9444 | |
Cry34Ac3 | AAT29029 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt KR1369 | |
Cry34Ba1 | AAK64565 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG4851 | |
Cry34Ba2 | AAT29033 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201L3 | |
Cry34Ba3 | AAT29031 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201HH2 | |
Cry35Aa1 | AAG50342 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS80JJ1 | |
Cry35Aa2 | AAK64561 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG5899 | |
Cry35Aa3 | AAT29028 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS69Q | |
Cry35Aa4 | AAT29025 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS185GG | |
Cry35Ab1 | AAG41672 | Moellenbeck et al | 2001 | Bt PS149B1 | |
Cry35Ab2 | AAK64563 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG9444 | |
Cry35Ab3 | AY536891 | AAT29024 | 2004 | Bt KR1369 | |
Cry35Ac1 | AAG50117 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS167H2 | |
Cry35Ba1 | AAK64566 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG4851 | |
Cry35Ba2 | AAT29027 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201L3 | |
Cry35Ba3 | AAT29026 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201HH2 | |
Cry36Aa1 | AAK64558 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry37Aa1 | AAF76376 | Donovan et al | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry38Aa1 | AAK64559 | Rupar et al | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry39Aa1 | BAB72016 | Ito et al | 2001 | Bt aizawai | |
Cry40Aa1 | BAB72018 | Ito et al | 2001 | Bt aizawai | |
Cry40Ba1 | BAC77648 | Ito et al | 2003 | Bun1-14 | |
Cry40Ca1 | EU381045 | 170317964 | Shu et al | 2011 | Bt Y41 |
Cry40Da1 | ACF15199 | Zhang et al | 2008 | Bt S2096-2 | |
Cry41Aa1 | BAD35157 | Yamashita et al | 2003 | Bt A1462 | |
Cry41Ab1 | BAD35163 | Yamashita et al | 2003 | Bt A1462 | |
Cry41Ba1 | HM461871 | Sun et al | 2010 | Sbt021 | |
Cry41Ba2 | ZP_04099652 | 228936898 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4AW1 |
Cry42Aa1 | BAD35166 | Yamashita et al | 2003 | Bt A1462 | |
Cry43Aa1 | BAD15301 | Yokoyama and Tanaka | 2003 | P. lentimorbus semadara | |
Cry43Aa2 | BAD95474 | Nozawa | 2004 | P. popilliae popilliae | |
Cry43Ba1 | BAD15303 | Yokoyama and Tanaka | 2003 | P. lentimorbus semadara | |
Cry43Ca1 | KC156676 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP132 | |
Cry43Cb1 | KC156695 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP252 | |
Cry43Cc1 | KC156696 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP191 | |
Cry43-like | BAD15305 | Yokoyama and Tanaka | 2003 | P. lentimorbus semadara | |
Cry44Aa | BAD08532 | Ito et al | 2004 | Bt entomocidus INA288 | |
Cry45Aa | BAD22577 | Okumura et al | 2004 | Bt 89-T-34-22 | |
Cry46Aa | BAC79010 | Ito et al | 2004 | Bt dakota | |
Cry46Aa2 | BAG68906 | Ishikawa et al | 2008 | Bt A1470 | |
Cry46Ab | BAD35170 | Yamagiwa et al | 2004 | Bt | |
Cry47Aa | AAY24695 | Kongsuwan et al | 2005 | Bt CAA890 | |
Cry48Aa | CAJ18351 | Jones and Berry | 2005 | Bs IAB59 | |
Cry48Aa2 | CAJ86545 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 47-6B | |
Cry48Aa3 | CAJ86546 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs NHA15b | |
Cry48Ab | CAJ86548 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs LP1G | |
Cry48Ab2 | CAJ86549 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 2173 | |
Cry49Aa | CAH56541 | Jones and Berry | 2005 | Bs IAB59 | |
Cry49Aa2 | CAJ86541 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 47-6B | |
Cry49Aa3 | CAJ86543 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | BsNHA15b | |
Cry49Aa4 | CAJ86544 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 2173 | |
Cry49Ab1 | CAJ86542 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs LP1G | |
Cry50Aa1 | BAE86999 | 89885725 | Ohgushi et al | 2006 | Bt sotto |
Cry50Ba1 | GU446675 | Zhang & Fang | 2011 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry50Ba2 | GU446676 | Zhang et al | 2011 | Bt S3161-3 | |
Cry51Aa1 | ABI14444 | 112253719 | Meng et al | 2006 | Bt F14-1 |
Cry51Aa2 | GU570697 | Baum et al | 2011 | EG2934 | |
Cry52Aa1 | EF613489 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt Y41 | |
Cry52Ba1 | FJ361760 | 227976386 | Zhu et al | 2010 | Bt BM59-2 |
Cry53Aa1 | EF633476 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt Y41 | |
Cry53Ab1 | FJ361759 | 227976384 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt MC28 |
Cry54Aa1 | ACA52194 | 169261091 | Tan et al | 2009 | Bt MC28 |
Cry54Aa2 | GQ140349 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt FBG25 | |
Cry54Ab1 | JQ916908 | Guan Peng | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry54Ba1 | GU446677 | Zhang & Fang | 2010 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry54Ba2 | KJ740650 | Yu et al | 2014 | BN15-6 | |
Cry55Aa1 | ABW88932 | Guo et al | 2008 | YBT 1518 | |
Cry55Aa2 | AAE33526 | 10056620 | Bradfisch et al | 2000 | Bt Y41 |
Cry55Aa3 | HG764207 | Balasubramani et al | 2013 | Bt T44 | |
Cry56Aa1 | ACU57499 | 256033941 | Zhu et al | 2010 | Bt Ywc2-8 |
Cry56Aa2 | GQ483512 | 300837105 | Guan et al | 2009 | Bt G7-1 |
Cry56Aa3 | JX025567 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt HS18-1 | |
Cry56Aa4 | KJ740651 | Yu et al | 2014 | BN7-5 | |
Cry57Aa1 | ANC87261 | 225348555 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt kim |
Cry57Ab1 | KF638650 | Guowang Zhou | 2013 | ||
Cry58Aa1 | ANC87260 | 225348553 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt entomocidus |
Cry59Ba1 | JN790647 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt Bm59-2 | |
Cry59Aa1 | ACR43758 | 239638225 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt kim LBIT-980 |
Cry60Aa1 | ACU24782 | 255653180 | Sun and Park | 2009 | Bt jegathesan |
Cry60Aa2 | EAO57254 | 74494162 | Anderson et al | 2005 | Bt israelensis |
Cry60Aa3 | EEM99278 | 228854669 | Read et al | 2009 | Bt IBL 4222 |
Cry60Ba1 | GU810818 | 292398077 | Sun and Park | 2009 | Bt malayensis |
Cry60Ba2 | EAO57253 | Anderson et al | 2005 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry60Ba3 | EEM99279 | Read et al | 2009 | Bt IBL 4222 | |
Cry61Aa1 | HM035087 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt009 | |
Cry61Aa2 | HM132125 | Mao et al | 2010 | HD868 (E5) | |
Cry61Aa3 | EEM19308 | 228770790 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 |
Cry62Aa1 | HM054509 | Zhu et al | 2010 | ST7 | |
Cry63Aa1 | BAI44028 | 260268375 | Nagamatsu et al | 2010 | MO19 |
Cry64Aa1 | BAJ05397 | 294661779 | Ekino et al | 2010 | Bt tohokuensis |
Cry65Aa1 | HM461868 | Geng et al | 2010 | SBt 003 | |
Cry65Aa2 | ZP_04123838 | 228962456 | Read et al | 2010 | T13001 |
Cry66Aa1 | HM485581 | Sun et al | 2010 | SBt 021 | |
Cry66Aa2 | ZP_04099945 | 228937265 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4AW1 |
Cry67Aa1 | HM485582 | Sun et al | 2010 | SBt 009 | |
Cry67Aa2 | ZP_04148882 | 228988817 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 |
Cry68Aa1 | HQ113114 | Peng Guan et al | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry69Aa1 | HQ401006 | Peng Guan | 2011 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry69Aa2 | JQ821388 | Peng Guan | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry69Ab1 | JN209957 | Yujie Tang | 2011 | Bt hs18-1 | |
Cry70Aa1 | JN646781 | Qiao Li | 2011 | Bt hs18-1 | |
Cry70Ba1 | ADO51070 | 308756031 | Guan et al | 2011 | Bt MC28 |
Cry70Bb1 | EEL67276 | 228715456 | Read et al | 2009 | Bc AH603 |
Cry71Aa1 | JX025568 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt Hs18-1 | |
Cry72Aa1 | JX025569 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt Hs18-1 | |
Cry73Aa | AEH76822 | Liu et al | 2013 | Sbt Sbt029 | |
Cyt1Aa1 | X03182 | Waalwijk et al | 1985 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt1Aa2 | X04338 | Ward & Ellar | 1986 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt1Aa3 | Y00135 | Earp & Ellar | 1987 | Bt morrisoni PG14 | |
Cyt1Aa4 | M35968 | Galjart et al | 1987 | Bt morrisoni PG14 | |
Cyt1Aa5 | AL731825 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt1Aa6 | ABC17640 | Zhang et al | 2005 | Bt LLP29 | |
Cyt1Aa7 | KF152888 | Qinyang Hong | 2013 | Bt BRC-HQY1 | |
Cyt1Aa-like | ABB01172 | Mahalakshmi | 2007 | Bt LDC-9 | |
Cyt1Ab1 | X98793 | Thiery et al | 1997 | Bt medellin | |
Cyt1Ba1 | U37196 | Payne et al | 1995 | Bt neoleoensis | |
Cyt1Da1 | HQ113115 | Peng Guan | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cyt1Da2 | JN226105 | Yujie Tang | 2011 | hs18-1 | |
Cyt2Aa1 | Z14147 | Koni & Ellar | 1993 | Bt kyushuensis | |
Cyt2Aa2 | AF472606 | Promdonkoy & Panyim | 2001 | Bt darmstadiensis73E10 | |
Cyt2Aa3 | EU835185 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt MC28 | |
Cyt2Aa4 | AEG19547 | Guo et al | 2011 | Bt WFS-97 | |
Cyt2Ba1 | U52043 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt israelensis 4Q2 | |
Cyt2Ba2 | AF020789 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt israelensis PG14 | |
Cyt2Ba3 | AF022884 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt fuokukaensis | |
Cyt2Ba4 | AF022885 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt morrisoni HD12 | |
Cyt2Ba5 | AF022886 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt morrisoni HD518 | |
Cyt2Ba6 | AF034926 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cyt2Ba7 | AF215645 | Yu & Pang | 2000 | Bt T301 | |
Cyt2Ba8 | AF215646 | Yu & Pang | 2000 | Bt T36 | |
Cyt2Ba9 | AL731825 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt2Ba10 | ACX54358 | Sauka &Benintende | 2009 | Bti HD 567 | |
Cyt2Ba11 | ACX54359 | Sauka &Benintende | 2009 | Bti HD 522 | |
Cyt2Ba12 | ACX54360 | Sauka &Benintende | 2009 | Bti INTA H41-1 | |
Cyt2Ba13 | FJ205865 | 209168617 | Sauka &Benintende | 2009 | INTA 160-2 |
Cyt2Ba14 | FJ205866 | 209168619 | Sauka &Benintende | 2009 | Bti IPS82 |
Cyt2Ba15 | JF283552 | 342360662 | Zhang et al | 2011 | Bt LLP29 |
Cyt2Ba-like | ABE99695 | Mahalakshmi et al | 2007 | Bt LDC-9 | |
Cyt2Bb1 | U82519 | Cheong & Gill | 1997 | Bt jegathesan | |
Cyt2Bc1 | CAC80987 | Delecluse et al | 1999 | Bt medellin | |
Cyt2B-like | DQ341380 | Zhang et al | 2005 | ||
Cyt2Ca1 | AAK50455 | Baum et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cyt3Aa1 | HM596591 | Zhu Jun | 2010 | Bt TD516 |
Weblinks
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Einzelnachweise
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ M. Ohba, E. Mizuki, A. Uemori: Parasporin, a new anticancer protein group from Bacillus thuringiensis. In: Anticancer Research. Band 29, Nummer 1, Januar 2009, S. 427–433, ISSN 0250-7005. PMID 19331182. PDF.
- ↑ N. P. Chougule, B. C. Bonning: Toxins for transgenic resistance to hemipteran pests. In: Toxins. Band 4, Nummer 6, Juni 2012, S. 405–429, ISSN 2072-6651. doi:10.3390/toxins4060405. PMID 22822455. PMC 3398418 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ M. A. Ibrahim, N. Griko, M. Junker, L. A. Bulla: Bacillus thuringiensis: a genomics and proteomics perspective. In: Bioengineered bugs. Band 1, Nummer 1, 2010 Jan-Feb, S. 31–50, ISSN 1949-1026. doi:10.4161/bbug.1.1.10519. PMID 21327125. PMC 3035146 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ A. Bravo, S. Likitvivatanavong, S. S. Gill, M. Soberón: Bacillus thuringiensis: A story of a successful bioinsecticide. In: Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. Band 41, Nummer 7, Juli 2011, S. 423–431, ISSN 1879-0240. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.02.006. PMID 21376122. PMC 3689885 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ monsanto.com: Safety Assessment of MON 89034 ( vom 10. April 2012 im Internet Archive; PDF; 230 KB, englisch)
- ↑ monsanto.com: Safety Assessment of YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2 TM, MON 88017 ( vom 4. März 2016 im Internet Archive; PDF; 48 KB, englisch)
- ↑ EPA: SmartStax Factsheet (PDF)
- ↑ B. E. Tabashnik, J. B. Van Rensburg, Y. Carrière: Field-evolved insect resistance to Bt crops: definition, theory, and data. In: Journal of economic entomology. Band 102, Nummer 6, Dezember 2009, S. 2011–2025, ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 20069826.
- ↑ B. E. Tabashnik, K. Wu, Y. Wu: Early detection of field-evolved resistance to Bt cotton in China: cotton bollworm and pink bollworm. In: Journal of invertebrate pathology. Band 110, Nummer 3, Juli 2012, S. 301–306, ISSN 1096-0805. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.04.008. PMID 22537835.
- ↑ Aaron J. Gassmann, Jennifer L. Petzold-Maxwell u. a.: Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm. In: PLoS ONE. 6, 2011, S. e22629, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022629.
- ↑ BMBF: Keine resistenten Schädlinge. In: bioSicherheit, 22. September 2003; abgerufen am 26. Mai 2019.
- ↑ New Designer Toxins Kill Bt-Resistant Insect Pests. sciencedaily.com, 1. November 2007, (abgerufen am 27. Oktober 2011)
- ↑ Jan-Wolfhard Kellmann: Neue Bakterien-Toxine gegen resistente Pflanzenschädlinge. Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Ökologie, Pressemitteilung vom 19. Oktober 2011 beim Informationsdienst Wissenschaft (idw-online.de), abgerufen am 27. Oktober 2011.
- ↑ J. W. Kronstad, H. E. Schnepf, H. R. Whiteley: Diversity of locations for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein genes. In: Journal of Bacteriology. Band 154, Nummer 1, April 1983, S. 419–428, PMID 6833183. PMC 217475 (freier Volltext).