Citole
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Medieval art
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Three mermaids from Brunetto Latini "Li livres dou tresor," c. 1300, playing a citole, a harp and a shawm.
Queen Mary Psalter c. 1310-1320
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British Library image Royal 2 B VII f. 174. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two musicians dancing, one playing a citole, and the other a rebec, with a decorated initial 'D'(eus).
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British Library image Royal 2 B VII f. 177. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of a nun playing a psaltery and a monk playing a citola.
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British Library image: Royal 2 B VII f. 189. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of four youths in a row, their hands connected by ribbons, and a musician playing a citole.
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British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 192. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two grotesques, one playing a citole and one playing a horned instrument, with an inhabited initial 'D'(eus) with a lion at its centre.
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British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 203. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two men dancing, one playing a citole, and the other a rebec.
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British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 192v. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of an ape and a centaur playing a citole and a trumpet, with a decorated initial 'D'(eus).
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British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 168v. Detail of a miniature of the marriage feast at Cana with a kneeling maid holding up a cup of the miraculous wine and six angels playing musical instruments in niches, three on either side. Instruments include 2 citoles, 3 rebecs, a trumpet and a psaltery.
Citole in British Museum (ca.1300, converted into violin in 16th century)
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Citole-BritishMuseum
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Citole side
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Citole top
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Citole-BritishMuseum-bgw
Modern reproduction of citole
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Citola (reproduction) with Pedro Jesús Gómez
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Medieval citole built by Jo Dusepo
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Cítola according to the iconography of the Cantigas de Santa María, s. XIII. Interpretation of Cantigas de Santa María by Emilio Villalba. Luthier: Asier de Benito (Spain)
Hypothesis: evolution from cithara to citole
[edit]- Hypothesis: evolution from cithara to citole
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A hypothesis of the transition from cithara into necked string instruments (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 12, p. 704)
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Lira d'egipte - Museu de la Mediterrània de Torroella de Montgrí (56)
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Plucked string instrument, Carolingian Psalter, 108r part (820–830)[2]
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Citole (ca.1300). Note: this individual instrument have been converted into violin in the 16th century.
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Citole (modern reproduction)
Similar shape instruments
[edit]Lyre guitars & mandolins in the 19th century (and later)
[edit]- See also categories: Lyre-guitars, Harp lutes and Dital harps.
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left: Harpo-lyre by André Augustin Chevrier, ca.1830, right: Lyre guitar by Joseph Pons, ca.1805
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Lyre guitar by Carl Christian Otto, Halle S., 1820
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Lyre guitar by Carotte in youth, 1834
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left: Octochordis mandolino-lira (lyre mandolin) by P. Dabiero, Milan, c.1900
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Danelectro Longhorn (electric guitar), 1958
Holly leaf shape instruments
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Lute in Catalonia (right upper)
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Chinese string instrument, Huobosi
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Unknown instrument played by doll on the Dutch street organ
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Wappen (shield shaped) contraguitar
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Kay Kraft Venetian guitar (c.1930s ?) & Kona Hawaiian guitar (1920s)
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Mexican 4 triple courses variation of Mandolin, Tricordia
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Philomel, similar to violin using steel string.
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Mongolian string instrument, Tovshuur
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Tibetan string instrument, Dramyin
References
[edit]- Hawkins, J. (1776) A general history of the science and practice of music, Vol. 4, London: T. Payne and Son, p. 343
- Kevin, P., et al (2008). "A musical instrument fit for a queen: the metamorphosis of a Medieval citole". The British Museum Technical Research Bulletin, Volume 2: pp. 13–28.
- ↑ a b c d e f Butler, Paul. The Citole Project. Historical Instruments, Paul Butler Díverse Arts.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Blumberg, Roger Edward (2002). The Cipher for Viola da Gamba and Lute, Page 2. TheCipher.com.
- ↑ Hawkins, 1776
- ↑ Kevin, 2008
- ↑ James D'Aquisto (1971). Archtop Mandolin. Metropolitan Museum of Art.